Security Configuration Assessment Report

for controlplane

  • Target IP Address: 172.30.1.2

CIS Ubuntu Linux 20.04 LTS Benchmark v2.0.1

  • Level 2 - Server
  • Monday, December 18 2023 13:25:36
  • Assessment Duration: 48 seconds

Report generated by the Center for Internet Security's Configuration Assessment Tool (CIS-CAT Pro Assessor) v4.36.0.

For further information, please visit The Center for Internet Security or our Product Support page.

Copyright ©2023, The Center for Internet Security

Content generated on 12/18/2023 13:26 PM. Content last obtained on 11/17/2023 18:10 PM.

Summary

Description Tests Scoring
Pass Fail Error Unkn. Man. Exc. Score Max Percent
1 Initial Setup 43 21 0 0 3 0 43.0 64.0 67%
1.1 Filesystem Configuration 25 9 0 0 0 0 25.0 34.0 74%
1.1.1 Disable unused filesystems 6 1 0 0 0 0 6.0 7.0 86%
1.1.2 Configure /tmp 3 1 0 0 0 0 3.0 4.0 75%
1.1.3 Configure /var 2 1 0 0 0 0 2.0 3.0 67%
1.1.4 Configure /var/tmp 3 1 0 0 0 0 3.0 4.0 75%
1.1.5 Configure /var/log 3 1 0 0 0 0 3.0 4.0 75%
1.1.6 Configure /var/log/audit 3 1 0 0 0 0 3.0 4.0 75%
1.1.7 Configure /home 2 1 0 0 0 0 2.0 3.0 67%
1.1.8 Configure /dev/shm 2 1 0 0 0 0 2.0 3.0 67%
1.2 Filesystem Integrity Checking 0 2 0 0 0 0 0.0 2.0 0%
1.3 Configure Software and Patch Management 0 0 0 0 3 0 0.0 0.0 0%
1.4 Secure Boot Settings 0 3 0 0 0 0 0.0 3.0 0%
1.5 Additional Process Hardening 2 3 0 0 0 0 2.0 5.0 40%
1.6 Mandatory Access Control 2 2 0 0 0 0 2.0 4.0 50%
1.6.1 Configure AppArmor 2 2 0 0 0 0 2.0 4.0 50%
1.7 Command Line Warning Banners 4 2 0 0 0 0 4.0 6.0 67%
1.8 GNOME Display Manager 10 0 0 0 0 0 10.0 10.0 100%
2 Services 28 2 0 0 4 0 28.0 30.0 93%
2.1 Configure Time Synchronization 7 0 0 0 3 0 7.0 7.0 100%
2.1.1 Ensure time synchronization is in use 1 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 1.0 100%
2.1.2 Configure chrony 2 0 0 0 1 0 2.0 2.0 100%
2.1.3 Configure systemd-timesyncd 1 0 0 0 1 0 1.0 1.0 100%
2.1.4 Configure ntp 3 0 0 0 1 0 3.0 3.0 100%
2.2 Special Purpose Services 16 1 0 0 0 0 16.0 17.0 94%
2.3 Service Clients 5 1 0 0 0 0 5.0 6.0 83%
3 Network Configuration 10 30 0 0 6 0 10.0 40.0 25%
3.1 Disable unused network protocols and devices 3 3 0 0 1 0 3.0 6.0 50%
3.2 Network Parameters (Host Only) 0 2 0 0 0 0 0.0 2.0 0%
3.3 Network Parameters (Host and Router) 2 7 0 0 0 0 2.0 9.0 22%
3.4 Firewall Configuration 5 18 0 0 5 0 5.0 23.0 22%
3.4.1 Configure UncomplicatedFirewall 2 4 0 0 1 0 2.0 6.0 33%
3.4.2 Configure nftables 1 7 0 0 2 0 1.0 8.0 12%
3.4.3 Configure iptables 2 7 0 0 2 0 2.0 9.0 22%
3.4.3.1 Configure iptables software 2 1 0 0 0 0 2.0 3.0 67%
3.4.3.2 Configure IPv4 iptables 0 3 0 0 1 0 0.0 3.0 0%
3.4.3.3 Configure IPv6 ip6tables 0 3 0 0 1 0 0.0 3.0 0%
4 Access, Authentication and Authorization 23 32 0 0 1 0 23.0 55.0 42%
4.1 Configure time-based job schedulers 1 8 0 0 0 0 1.0 9.0 11%
4.2 Configure SSH Server 14 8 0 0 0 0 14.0 22.0 64%
4.3 Configure privilege escalation 3 4 0 0 0 0 3.0 7.0 43%
4.4 Configure PAM 1 3 0 0 1 0 1.0 4.0 25%
4.5 User Accounts and Environment 4 9 0 0 0 0 4.0 13.0 31%
4.5.1 Set Shadow Password Suite Parameters 2 5 0 0 0 0 2.0 7.0 29%
5 Logging and Auditing 13 35 0 0 9 0 13.0 48.0 27%
5.1 Configure Logging 7 3 0 0 8 0 7.0 10.0 70%
5.1.1 Configure journald 3 2 0 0 5 0 3.0 5.0 60%
5.1.1.1 Ensure journald is configured to send logs to a remote log host 2 0 0 0 2 0 2.0 2.0 100%
5.1.2 Configure rsyslog 4 0 0 0 3 0 4.0 4.0 100%
5.2 Configure System Accounting (auditd) 6 32 0 0 1 0 6.0 38.0 16%
5.2.1 Ensure auditing is enabled 0 4 0 0 0 0 0.0 4.0 0%
5.2.2 Configure Data Retention 0 3 0 0 0 0 0.0 3.0 0%
5.2.3 Configure auditd rules 0 20 0 0 1 0 0.0 20.0 0%
5.2.4 Configure auditd file access 6 5 0 0 0 0 6.0 11.0 55%
6 System Maintenance 18 6 0 0 1 0 18.0 24.0 75%
6.1 System File Permissions 10 2 0 0 1 0 10.0 12.0 83%
6.2 Local User and Group Settings 8 4 0 0 0 0 8.0 12.0 67%
Total 135 126 0 0 24 0 135.0 261.0 52%

Note: Actual scores are subject to rounding errors. The sum of these values may not result in the exact overall score.

The 'Exc' column only applies to Exceptions that are generated using CIS-CAT Pro Dashboard and is not utilized by CIS-CAT Pro Assessor.

Profiles

This benchmark contains 4 profiles.The Level 2 - Server profile was used for this assessment.

Title Description
Level 1 - Server

Items in this profile intend to:

  • be practical and prudent;
  • provide a clear security benefit; and
  • not inhibit the utility of the technology beyond acceptable means.

This profile is intended for servers.

Show Profile XML
<xccdf:Profile xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
               xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
               xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
               xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
               xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
               xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
               xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
               xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
               xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
               xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
               xmlns:sce="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE_xccdf_stream"
               xmlns:cat="urn:oasis:names:tc:entity:xmlns:xml:catalog"
               xmlns:ds="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
               xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
               xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
               xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
               xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
               xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
               id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_profile_Level_1_-_Server">
   <xccdf:title xml:lang="en">Level 1 - Server</xccdf:title>
   <xccdf:description xml:lang="en">
      <xhtml:p>Items in this profile intend to:</xhtml:p>
      <xhtml:ul>
         <xhtml:li>be practical and prudent;</xhtml:li>
         <xhtml:li>provide a clear security benefit; and</xhtml:li>
         <xhtml:li>not inhibit the utility of the technology beyond acceptable means.</xhtml:li>
      </xhtml:ul>
      <xhtml:p>This profile is intended for servers.</xhtml:p>
   </xccdf:description>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.1_Ensure_mounting_of_cramfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.2_Ensure_mounting_of_freevxfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.3_Ensure_mounting_of_jffs2_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.4_Ensure_mounting_of_hfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.5_Ensure_mounting_of_hfsplus_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.1_Ensure_tmp_is_a_separate_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.2_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.3_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.4_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.3.2_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_var_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.3.3_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_var_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.4.2_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_vartmp_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.4.3_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_vartmp_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.4.4_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_vartmp_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.5.2_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_varlog_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.5.3_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_varlog_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.5.4_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_varlog_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.6.2_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_varlogaudit_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.6.3_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_varlogaudit_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.6.4_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_varlogaudit_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.7.2_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_home_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.7.3_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_home_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.8.1_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.8.2_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.8.3_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.9_Disable_Automounting"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.10_Disable_USB_Storage"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.2.1_Ensure_AIDE_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.2.2_Ensure_filesystem_integrity_is_regularly_checked"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.1_Ensure_updates_patches_and_additional_security_software_are_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.2_Ensure_package_manager_repositories_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.3_Ensure_GPG_keys_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.1_Ensure_bootloader_password_is_set"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.2_Ensure_permissions_on_bootloader_config_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.3_Ensure_authentication_required_for_single_user_mode"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.1_Ensure_prelink_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.2_Ensure_address_space_layout_randomization_ASLR_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.3_Ensure_ptrace_scope_is_restricted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.4_Ensure_Automatic_Error_Reporting_is_not_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.5_Ensure_core_dumps_are_restricted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.1_Ensure_AppArmor_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.2_Ensure_AppArmor_is_enabled_in_the_bootloader_configuration"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.3_Ensure_all_AppArmor_Profiles_are_in_enforce_or_complain_mode"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.1_Ensure_message_of_the_day_is_configured_properly"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.2_Ensure_local_login_warning_banner_is_configured_properly"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.3_Ensure_remote_login_warning_banner_is_configured_properly"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etcmotd_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etcissue_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etcissue.net_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.2_Ensure_GDM_login_banner_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.3_Ensure_GDM_disable-user-list_option_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.4_Ensure_GDM_screen_locks_when_the_user_is_idle"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.5_Ensure_GDM_screen_locks_cannot_be_overridden"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.6_Ensure_GDM_automatic_mounting_of_removable_media_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.7_Ensure_GDM_disabling_automatic_mounting_of_removable_media_is_not_overridden"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.8_Ensure_GDM_autorun-never_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.9_Ensure_GDM_autorun-never_is_not_overridden"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.10_Ensure_XDCMP_is_not_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.1_Ensure_a_single_time_synchronization_daemon_is_in_use"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.2.1_Ensure_chrony_is_configured_with_authorized_timeserver"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.2.2_Ensure_chrony_is_running_as_user__chrony"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.2.3_Ensure_chrony_is_enabled_and_running"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.3.1_Ensure_systemd-timesyncd_configured_with_authorized_timeserver"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.3.2_Ensure_systemd-timesyncd_is_enabled_and_running"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.4.1_Ensure_ntp_access_control_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.4.2_Ensure_ntp_is_configured_with_authorized_timeserver"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.4.3_Ensure_ntp_is_running_as_user_ntp"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.4.4_Ensure_ntp_is_enabled_and_running"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.2_Ensure_Avahi_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.3_Ensure_CUPS_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.4_Ensure_DHCP_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.5_Ensure_LDAP_server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.6_Ensure_NFS_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.7_Ensure_DNS_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.8_Ensure_FTP_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.9_Ensure_HTTP_server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.10_Ensure_IMAP_and_POP3_server_are_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.11_Ensure_Samba_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.12_Ensure_HTTP_Proxy_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.13_Ensure_SNMP_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.14_Ensure_NIS_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.15_Ensure_dnsmasq_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.16_Ensure_mail_transfer_agent_is_configured_for_local-only_mode"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.17_Ensure_rsync_service_is_either_not_installed_or_is_masked"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3.1_Ensure_NIS_Client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3.2_Ensure_rsh_client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3.3_Ensure_talk_client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3.4_Ensure_telnet_client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3.5_Ensure_LDAP_client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3.6_Ensure__RPC_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.4_Ensure_nonessential_services_are_removed_or_masked"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.1_Ensure_IPv6_status_is_identified"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.2_Ensure_wireless_interfaces_are_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.3_Ensure_bluetooth_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.2.1_Ensure_packet_redirect_sending_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.2.2_Ensure_IP_forwarding_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.1_Ensure_source_routed_packets_are_not_accepted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.2_Ensure_ICMP_redirects_are_not_accepted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.3_Ensure_secure_ICMP_redirects_are_not_accepted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.4_Ensure_suspicious_packets_are_logged"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.5_Ensure_broadcast_ICMP_requests_are_ignored"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.6_Ensure_bogus_ICMP_responses_are_ignored"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.7_Ensure_Reverse_Path_Filtering_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.8_Ensure_TCP_SYN_Cookies_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.9_Ensure_IPv6_router_advertisements_are_not_accepted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1.1_Ensure_ufw_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1.2_Ensure_iptables-persistent_is_not_installed_with_ufw"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1.3_Ensure_ufw_service_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1.4_Ensure_ufw_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1.5_Ensure_ufw_outbound_connections_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1.6_Ensure_ufw_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1.7_Ensure_ufw_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.1_Ensure_nftables_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.2_Ensure_ufw_is_uninstalled_or_disabled_with_nftables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.3_Ensure_iptables_are_flushed_with_nftables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.4_Ensure_a_nftables_table_exists"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.5_Ensure_nftables_base_chains_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.6_Ensure_nftables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.7_Ensure_nftables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.8_Ensure_nftables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.9_Ensure_nftables_service_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.10_Ensure_nftables_rules_are_permanent"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.1.1_Ensure_iptables_packages_are_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.1.2_Ensure_nftables_is_not_installed_with_iptables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.1.3_Ensure_ufw_is_uninstalled_or_disabled_with_iptables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.2.1_Ensure_iptables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.2.2_Ensure_iptables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.2.3_Ensure_iptables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.2.4_Ensure_iptables_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.3.1_Ensure_ip6tables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.3.2_Ensure_ip6tables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.3.3_Ensure_ip6tables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.3.4_Ensure_ip6tables_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.1_Ensure_cron_daemon_is_enabled_and_active"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.2_Ensure_permissions_on_etccrontab_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.3_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.hourly_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.daily_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.weekly_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.monthly_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.7_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.d_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.8_Ensure_cron_is_restricted_to_authorized_users"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.9_Ensure_at_is_restricted_to_authorized_users"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1_Ensure_permissions_on_etcsshsshd_config_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.2_Ensure_permissions_on_SSH_private_host_key_files_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.3_Ensure_permissions_on_SSH_public_host_key_files_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.4_Ensure_SSH_access_is_limited"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.5_Ensure_SSH_LogLevel_is_appropriate"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.6_Ensure_SSH_PAM_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.7_Ensure_SSH_root_login_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.8_Ensure_SSH_HostbasedAuthentication_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.9_Ensure_SSH_PermitEmptyPasswords_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.10_Ensure_SSH_PermitUserEnvironment_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.11_Ensure_SSH_IgnoreRhosts_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.13_Ensure_only_strong_Ciphers_are_used"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.14_Ensure_only_strong_MAC_algorithms_are_used"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.15_Ensure_only_strong_Key_Exchange_algorithms_are_used"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.17_Ensure_SSH_warning_banner_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.18_Ensure_SSH_MaxAuthTries_is_set_to_4_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.19_Ensure_SSH_MaxStartups_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.20_Ensure_SSH_LoginGraceTime_is_set_to_one_minute_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.21_Ensure_SSH_MaxSessions_is_set_to_10_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.22_Ensure_SSH_Idle_Timeout_Interval_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3.1_Ensure_sudo_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3.2_Ensure_sudo_commands_use_pty"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3.3_Ensure_sudo_log_file_exists"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3.5_Ensure_re-authentication_for_privilege_escalation_is_not_disabled_globally"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3.6_Ensure_sudo_authentication_timeout_is_configured_correctly"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3.7_Ensure_access_to_the_su_command_is_restricted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.4.1_Ensure_password_creation_requirements_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.4.2_Ensure_lockout_for_failed_password_attempts_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.4.3_Ensure_password_reuse_is_limited"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.4.4_Ensure_strong_password_hashing_algorithm_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.4.5_Ensure_all_current_passwords_uses_the_configured_hashing_algorithm"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.1.1_Ensure_minimum_days_between_password_changes_is__configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.1.2_Ensure_password_expiration_is_365_days_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.1.3_Ensure_password_expiration_warning_days_is_7_or_more"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.1.4_Ensure_inactive_password_lock_is_30_days_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.1.5_Ensure_all_users_last_password_change_date_is_in_the_past"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.1.6_Ensure_the_number_of_changed_characters_in_a_new_password_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.1.7_Ensure_preventing_the_use_of_dictionary_words_for_passwords_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.2_Ensure_system_accounts_are_secured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.3_Ensure_default_group_for_the_root_account_is_GID_0"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.4_Ensure_default_user_umask_is_027_or_more_restrictive"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.5_Ensure_default_user_shell_timeout_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.7_Ensure_maximum_number_of_same_consecutive_characters_in_a_password_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.1.1_Ensure_systemd-journal-remote_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.1.2_Ensure_systemd-journal-remote_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.1.3_Ensure_systemd-journal-remote_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.1.4_Ensure_journald_is_not_configured_to_receive_logs_from_a_remote_client"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.2_Ensure_journald_service_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.3_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_compress_large_log_files"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.4_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_write_logfiles_to_persistent_disk"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.5_Ensure_journald_is_not_configured_to_send_logs_to_rsyslog"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.6_Ensure_journald_log_rotation_is_configured_per_site_policy"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.7_Ensure_journald_default_file_permissions_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2.1_Ensure_rsyslog_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2.2_Ensure_rsyslog_service_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2.3_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_send_logs_to_rsyslog"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2.4_Ensure_rsyslog_default_file_permissions_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2.5_Ensure_logging_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2.6_Ensure_rsyslog_is_configured_to_send_logs_to_a_remote_log_host"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2.7_Ensure_rsyslog_is_not_configured_to_receive_logs_from_a_remote_client"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.3_Ensure_all_logfiles_have_appropriate_access_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.4.11_Ensure_cryptographic_mechanisms_are_used_to_protect_the_integrity_of_audit_tools"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.1_Ensure_permissions_on_etcpasswd_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.2_Ensure_permissions_on_etcpasswd-_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.3_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgroup_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgroup-_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etcshadow_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etcshadow-_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.7_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgshadow_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.8_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgshadow-_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.9_Ensure_permissions_on_etcshells_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.10_Ensure_permissions_on_etcopasswd_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.11_Ensure_world_writable_files_and_directories_are_secured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.12_Ensure_no_unowned_or_ungrouped_files_or_directories_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.13_Ensure_SUID_and_SGID_files_are_reviewed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.1_Ensure_accounts_in_etcpasswd_use_shadowed_passwords"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.2_Ensure_etcshadow_password_fields_are_not_empty"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.3_Ensure_all_groups_in_etcpasswd_exist_in_etcgroup"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.4_Ensure_shadow_group_is_empty"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.5_Ensure_no_duplicate_UIDs_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.6_Ensure_no_duplicate_GIDs_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.7_Ensure_no_duplicate_user_names_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.8_Ensure_no_duplicate_group_names_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.9_Ensure_root_PATH_Integrity"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.10_Ensure_root_is_the_only_UID_0_account"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.11_Ensure_local_interactive_user_home_directories_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.12_Ensure_local_interactive_user_dot_files_access_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
</xccdf:Profile>
Level 2 - Server

This profile extends the "Level 1 - Server" profile. Items in this profile exhibit one or more of the following characteristics:

  • are intended for environments or use cases where security is paramount.
  • acts as defense in depth measure.
  • may negatively inhibit the utility or performance of the technology.

This profile is intended for servers.

Show Profile XML
<xccdf:Profile xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
               xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
               xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
               xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
               xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
               xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
               xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
               xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
               xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
               xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
               xmlns:sce="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE_xccdf_stream"
               xmlns:cat="urn:oasis:names:tc:entity:xmlns:xml:catalog"
               xmlns:ds="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
               xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
               xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
               xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
               xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
               xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
               id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_profile_Level_2_-_Server">
   <xccdf:title xml:lang="en">Level 2 - Server</xccdf:title>
   <xccdf:description xml:lang="en">
      <xhtml:p>This profile extends the "Level 1 - Server" profile. Items in this profile exhibit one or more of the following characteristics:</xhtml:p>
      <xhtml:ul>
         <xhtml:li>are intended for environments or use cases where security is paramount.</xhtml:li>
         <xhtml:li>acts as defense in depth measure.</xhtml:li>
         <xhtml:li>may negatively inhibit the utility or performance of the technology.</xhtml:li>
      </xhtml:ul>
      <xhtml:p>This profile is intended for servers.</xhtml:p>
   </xccdf:description>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.1_Ensure_mounting_of_cramfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.2_Ensure_mounting_of_freevxfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.3_Ensure_mounting_of_jffs2_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.4_Ensure_mounting_of_hfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.5_Ensure_mounting_of_hfsplus_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.6_Ensure_mounting_of_squashfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.7_Ensure_mounting_of_udf_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.1_Ensure_tmp_is_a_separate_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.2_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.3_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.4_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.3.1_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_var"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.3.2_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_var_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.3.3_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_var_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.4.1_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_vartmp"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.4.2_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_vartmp_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.4.3_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_vartmp_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.4.4_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_vartmp_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.5.1_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_varlog"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.5.2_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_varlog_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.5.3_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_varlog_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.5.4_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_varlog_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.6.1_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_varlogaudit"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.6.2_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_varlogaudit_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.6.3_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_varlogaudit_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.6.4_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_varlogaudit_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.7.1_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_home"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.7.2_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_home_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.7.3_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_home_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.8.1_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.8.2_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.8.3_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.9_Disable_Automounting"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.10_Disable_USB_Storage"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.2.1_Ensure_AIDE_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.2.2_Ensure_filesystem_integrity_is_regularly_checked"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.1_Ensure_updates_patches_and_additional_security_software_are_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.2_Ensure_package_manager_repositories_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.3_Ensure_GPG_keys_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.1_Ensure_bootloader_password_is_set"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.2_Ensure_permissions_on_bootloader_config_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.3_Ensure_authentication_required_for_single_user_mode"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.1_Ensure_prelink_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.2_Ensure_address_space_layout_randomization_ASLR_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.3_Ensure_ptrace_scope_is_restricted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.4_Ensure_Automatic_Error_Reporting_is_not_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.5_Ensure_core_dumps_are_restricted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.1_Ensure_AppArmor_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.2_Ensure_AppArmor_is_enabled_in_the_bootloader_configuration"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.3_Ensure_all_AppArmor_Profiles_are_in_enforce_or_complain_mode"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.4_Ensure_all_AppArmor_Profiles_are_enforcing"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.1_Ensure_message_of_the_day_is_configured_properly"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.2_Ensure_local_login_warning_banner_is_configured_properly"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.3_Ensure_remote_login_warning_banner_is_configured_properly"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etcmotd_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etcissue_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etcissue.net_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.1_Ensure_GNOME_Display_Manager_is_removed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.2_Ensure_GDM_login_banner_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.3_Ensure_GDM_disable-user-list_option_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.4_Ensure_GDM_screen_locks_when_the_user_is_idle"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.5_Ensure_GDM_screen_locks_cannot_be_overridden"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.6_Ensure_GDM_automatic_mounting_of_removable_media_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.7_Ensure_GDM_disabling_automatic_mounting_of_removable_media_is_not_overridden"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.8_Ensure_GDM_autorun-never_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.9_Ensure_GDM_autorun-never_is_not_overridden"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.10_Ensure_XDCMP_is_not_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.1_Ensure_a_single_time_synchronization_daemon_is_in_use"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.2.1_Ensure_chrony_is_configured_with_authorized_timeserver"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.2.2_Ensure_chrony_is_running_as_user__chrony"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.2.3_Ensure_chrony_is_enabled_and_running"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.3.1_Ensure_systemd-timesyncd_configured_with_authorized_timeserver"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.3.2_Ensure_systemd-timesyncd_is_enabled_and_running"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.4.1_Ensure_ntp_access_control_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.4.2_Ensure_ntp_is_configured_with_authorized_timeserver"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.4.3_Ensure_ntp_is_running_as_user_ntp"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.4.4_Ensure_ntp_is_enabled_and_running"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.1_Ensure_X_Window_System_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.2_Ensure_Avahi_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.3_Ensure_CUPS_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.4_Ensure_DHCP_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.5_Ensure_LDAP_server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.6_Ensure_NFS_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.7_Ensure_DNS_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.8_Ensure_FTP_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.9_Ensure_HTTP_server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.10_Ensure_IMAP_and_POP3_server_are_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.11_Ensure_Samba_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.12_Ensure_HTTP_Proxy_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.13_Ensure_SNMP_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.14_Ensure_NIS_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.15_Ensure_dnsmasq_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.16_Ensure_mail_transfer_agent_is_configured_for_local-only_mode"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.17_Ensure_rsync_service_is_either_not_installed_or_is_masked"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3.1_Ensure_NIS_Client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3.2_Ensure_rsh_client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3.3_Ensure_talk_client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3.4_Ensure_telnet_client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3.5_Ensure_LDAP_client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3.6_Ensure__RPC_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.4_Ensure_nonessential_services_are_removed_or_masked"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.1_Ensure_IPv6_status_is_identified"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.2_Ensure_wireless_interfaces_are_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.3_Ensure_bluetooth_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.4_Ensure_DCCP_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.5_Ensure_SCTP_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.6_Ensure_RDS_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.7_Ensure_TIPC_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.2.1_Ensure_packet_redirect_sending_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.2.2_Ensure_IP_forwarding_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.1_Ensure_source_routed_packets_are_not_accepted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.2_Ensure_ICMP_redirects_are_not_accepted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.3_Ensure_secure_ICMP_redirects_are_not_accepted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.4_Ensure_suspicious_packets_are_logged"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.5_Ensure_broadcast_ICMP_requests_are_ignored"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.6_Ensure_bogus_ICMP_responses_are_ignored"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.7_Ensure_Reverse_Path_Filtering_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.8_Ensure_TCP_SYN_Cookies_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.9_Ensure_IPv6_router_advertisements_are_not_accepted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1.1_Ensure_ufw_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1.2_Ensure_iptables-persistent_is_not_installed_with_ufw"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1.3_Ensure_ufw_service_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1.4_Ensure_ufw_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1.5_Ensure_ufw_outbound_connections_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1.6_Ensure_ufw_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1.7_Ensure_ufw_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.1_Ensure_nftables_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.2_Ensure_ufw_is_uninstalled_or_disabled_with_nftables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.3_Ensure_iptables_are_flushed_with_nftables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.4_Ensure_a_nftables_table_exists"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.5_Ensure_nftables_base_chains_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.6_Ensure_nftables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.7_Ensure_nftables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.8_Ensure_nftables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.9_Ensure_nftables_service_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.10_Ensure_nftables_rules_are_permanent"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.1.1_Ensure_iptables_packages_are_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.1.2_Ensure_nftables_is_not_installed_with_iptables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.1.3_Ensure_ufw_is_uninstalled_or_disabled_with_iptables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.2.1_Ensure_iptables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.2.2_Ensure_iptables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.2.3_Ensure_iptables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.2.4_Ensure_iptables_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.3.1_Ensure_ip6tables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.3.2_Ensure_ip6tables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.3.3_Ensure_ip6tables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.3.4_Ensure_ip6tables_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.1_Ensure_cron_daemon_is_enabled_and_active"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.2_Ensure_permissions_on_etccrontab_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.3_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.hourly_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.daily_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.weekly_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.monthly_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.7_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.d_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.8_Ensure_cron_is_restricted_to_authorized_users"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.9_Ensure_at_is_restricted_to_authorized_users"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1_Ensure_permissions_on_etcsshsshd_config_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.2_Ensure_permissions_on_SSH_private_host_key_files_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.3_Ensure_permissions_on_SSH_public_host_key_files_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.4_Ensure_SSH_access_is_limited"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.5_Ensure_SSH_LogLevel_is_appropriate"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.6_Ensure_SSH_PAM_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.7_Ensure_SSH_root_login_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.8_Ensure_SSH_HostbasedAuthentication_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.9_Ensure_SSH_PermitEmptyPasswords_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.10_Ensure_SSH_PermitUserEnvironment_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.11_Ensure_SSH_IgnoreRhosts_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.12_Ensure_SSH_X11_forwarding_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.13_Ensure_only_strong_Ciphers_are_used"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.14_Ensure_only_strong_MAC_algorithms_are_used"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.15_Ensure_only_strong_Key_Exchange_algorithms_are_used"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.16_Ensure_SSH_AllowTcpForwarding_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.17_Ensure_SSH_warning_banner_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.18_Ensure_SSH_MaxAuthTries_is_set_to_4_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.19_Ensure_SSH_MaxStartups_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.20_Ensure_SSH_LoginGraceTime_is_set_to_one_minute_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.21_Ensure_SSH_MaxSessions_is_set_to_10_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.22_Ensure_SSH_Idle_Timeout_Interval_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3.1_Ensure_sudo_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3.2_Ensure_sudo_commands_use_pty"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3.3_Ensure_sudo_log_file_exists"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3.4_Ensure_users_must_provide_password_for_privilege_escalation"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3.5_Ensure_re-authentication_for_privilege_escalation_is_not_disabled_globally"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3.6_Ensure_sudo_authentication_timeout_is_configured_correctly"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3.7_Ensure_access_to_the_su_command_is_restricted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.4.1_Ensure_password_creation_requirements_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.4.2_Ensure_lockout_for_failed_password_attempts_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.4.3_Ensure_password_reuse_is_limited"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.4.4_Ensure_strong_password_hashing_algorithm_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.4.5_Ensure_all_current_passwords_uses_the_configured_hashing_algorithm"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.1.1_Ensure_minimum_days_between_password_changes_is__configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.1.2_Ensure_password_expiration_is_365_days_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.1.3_Ensure_password_expiration_warning_days_is_7_or_more"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.1.4_Ensure_inactive_password_lock_is_30_days_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.1.5_Ensure_all_users_last_password_change_date_is_in_the_past"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.1.6_Ensure_the_number_of_changed_characters_in_a_new_password_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.1.7_Ensure_preventing_the_use_of_dictionary_words_for_passwords_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.2_Ensure_system_accounts_are_secured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.3_Ensure_default_group_for_the_root_account_is_GID_0"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.4_Ensure_default_user_umask_is_027_or_more_restrictive"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.5_Ensure_default_user_shell_timeout_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.6_Ensure_nologin_is_not_listed_in_etcshells"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.7_Ensure_maximum_number_of_same_consecutive_characters_in_a_password_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.1.1_Ensure_systemd-journal-remote_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.1.2_Ensure_systemd-journal-remote_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.1.3_Ensure_systemd-journal-remote_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.1.4_Ensure_journald_is_not_configured_to_receive_logs_from_a_remote_client"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.2_Ensure_journald_service_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.3_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_compress_large_log_files"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.4_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_write_logfiles_to_persistent_disk"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.5_Ensure_journald_is_not_configured_to_send_logs_to_rsyslog"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.6_Ensure_journald_log_rotation_is_configured_per_site_policy"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.7_Ensure_journald_default_file_permissions_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2.1_Ensure_rsyslog_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2.2_Ensure_rsyslog_service_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2.3_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_send_logs_to_rsyslog"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2.4_Ensure_rsyslog_default_file_permissions_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2.5_Ensure_logging_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2.6_Ensure_rsyslog_is_configured_to_send_logs_to_a_remote_log_host"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2.7_Ensure_rsyslog_is_not_configured_to_receive_logs_from_a_remote_client"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.3_Ensure_all_logfiles_have_appropriate_access_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.1.1_Ensure_auditd_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.1.2_Ensure_auditd_service_is_enabled_and_active"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.1.3_Ensure_auditing_for_processes_that_start_prior_to_auditd_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.1.4_Ensure_audit_backlog_limit_is_sufficient"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.2.1_Ensure_audit_log_storage_size_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.2.2_Ensure_audit_logs_are_not_automatically_deleted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.2.3_Ensure_system_is_disabled_when_audit_logs_are_full"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.1_Ensure_changes_to_system_administration_scope_sudoers_is_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.2_Ensure_actions_as_another_user_are_always_logged"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.3_Ensure_events_that_modify_the_sudo_log_file_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.4_Ensure_events_that_modify_date_and_time_information_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.5_Ensure_events_that_modify_the_systems_network_environment_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.6_Ensure_use_of_privileged_commands_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.7_Ensure_unsuccessful_file_access_attempts_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.8_Ensure_events_that_modify_usergroup_information_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.9_Ensure_discretionary_access_control_permission_modification_events_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.10_Ensure_successful_file_system_mounts_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.11_Ensure_session_initiation_information_is_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.12_Ensure_login_and_logout_events_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.13_Ensure_file_deletion_events_by_users_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.14_Ensure_events_that_modify_the_systems_Mandatory_Access_Controls_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.15_Ensure_successful_and_unsuccessful_attempts_to_use_the_chcon_command_are_recorded"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.16_Ensure_successful_and_unsuccessful_attempts_to_use_the_setfacl_command_are_recorded"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.17_Ensure_successful_and_unsuccessful_attempts_to_use_the_chacl_command_are_recorded"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.18_Ensure_successful_and_unsuccessful_attempts_to_use_the_usermod_command_are_recorded"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.19_Ensure_kernel_module_loading_unloading_and_modification_is_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.20_Ensure_the_audit_configuration_is_immutable"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.21_Ensure_the_running_and_on_disk_configuration_is_the_same"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.4.1_Ensure_audit_log_files_are_mode_0640_or_less_permissive"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.4.2_Ensure_only_authorized_users_own_audit_log_files"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.4.3_Ensure_only_authorized_groups_are_assigned_ownership_of_audit_log_files"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.4.4_Ensure_the_audit_log_directory_is_0750_or_more_restrictive"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.4.5_Ensure_audit_configuration_files_are_640_or_more_restrictive"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.4.6_Ensure_audit_configuration_files_are_owned_by_root"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.4.7_Ensure_audit_configuration_files_belong_to_group_root"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.4.8_Ensure_audit_tools_are_755_or_more_restrictive"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.4.9_Ensure_audit_tools_are_owned_by_root"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.4.10_Ensure_audit_tools_belong_to_group_root"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.4.11_Ensure_cryptographic_mechanisms_are_used_to_protect_the_integrity_of_audit_tools"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.1_Ensure_permissions_on_etcpasswd_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.2_Ensure_permissions_on_etcpasswd-_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.3_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgroup_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgroup-_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etcshadow_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etcshadow-_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.7_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgshadow_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.8_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgshadow-_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.9_Ensure_permissions_on_etcshells_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.10_Ensure_permissions_on_etcopasswd_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.11_Ensure_world_writable_files_and_directories_are_secured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.12_Ensure_no_unowned_or_ungrouped_files_or_directories_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.13_Ensure_SUID_and_SGID_files_are_reviewed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.1_Ensure_accounts_in_etcpasswd_use_shadowed_passwords"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.2_Ensure_etcshadow_password_fields_are_not_empty"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.3_Ensure_all_groups_in_etcpasswd_exist_in_etcgroup"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.4_Ensure_shadow_group_is_empty"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.5_Ensure_no_duplicate_UIDs_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.6_Ensure_no_duplicate_GIDs_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.7_Ensure_no_duplicate_user_names_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.8_Ensure_no_duplicate_group_names_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.9_Ensure_root_PATH_Integrity"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.10_Ensure_root_is_the_only_UID_0_account"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.11_Ensure_local_interactive_user_home_directories_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.12_Ensure_local_interactive_user_dot_files_access_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
</xccdf:Profile>
Level 1 - Workstation

Items in this profile intend to:

  • be practical and prudent;
  • provide a clear security benefit; and
  • not inhibit the utility of the technology beyond acceptable means.

This profile is intended for workstations.

Show Profile XML
<xccdf:Profile xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
               xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
               xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
               xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
               xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
               xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
               xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
               xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
               xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
               xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
               xmlns:sce="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE_xccdf_stream"
               xmlns:cat="urn:oasis:names:tc:entity:xmlns:xml:catalog"
               xmlns:ds="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
               xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
               xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
               xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
               xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
               xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
               id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_profile_Level_1_-_Workstation">
   <xccdf:title xml:lang="en">Level 1 - Workstation</xccdf:title>
   <xccdf:description xml:lang="en">
      <xhtml:p>Items in this profile intend to:</xhtml:p>
      <xhtml:ul>
         <xhtml:li>be practical and prudent;</xhtml:li>
         <xhtml:li>provide a clear security benefit; and</xhtml:li>
         <xhtml:li>not inhibit the utility of the technology beyond acceptable means.</xhtml:li>
      </xhtml:ul>
      <xhtml:p>This profile is intended for workstations.</xhtml:p>
   </xccdf:description>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.1_Ensure_mounting_of_cramfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.2_Ensure_mounting_of_freevxfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.3_Ensure_mounting_of_jffs2_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.4_Ensure_mounting_of_hfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.5_Ensure_mounting_of_hfsplus_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.1_Ensure_tmp_is_a_separate_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.2_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.3_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.4_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.3.2_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_var_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.3.3_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_var_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.4.2_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_vartmp_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.4.3_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_vartmp_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.4.4_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_vartmp_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.5.2_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_varlog_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.5.3_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_varlog_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.5.4_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_varlog_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.6.2_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_varlogaudit_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.6.3_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_varlogaudit_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.6.4_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_varlogaudit_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.7.2_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_home_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.7.3_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_home_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.8.1_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.8.2_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.8.3_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.2.1_Ensure_AIDE_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.2.2_Ensure_filesystem_integrity_is_regularly_checked"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.1_Ensure_updates_patches_and_additional_security_software_are_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.2_Ensure_package_manager_repositories_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.3_Ensure_GPG_keys_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.1_Ensure_bootloader_password_is_set"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.2_Ensure_permissions_on_bootloader_config_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.3_Ensure_authentication_required_for_single_user_mode"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.1_Ensure_prelink_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.2_Ensure_address_space_layout_randomization_ASLR_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.3_Ensure_ptrace_scope_is_restricted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.4_Ensure_Automatic_Error_Reporting_is_not_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.5_Ensure_core_dumps_are_restricted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.1_Ensure_AppArmor_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.2_Ensure_AppArmor_is_enabled_in_the_bootloader_configuration"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.3_Ensure_all_AppArmor_Profiles_are_in_enforce_or_complain_mode"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.1_Ensure_message_of_the_day_is_configured_properly"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.2_Ensure_local_login_warning_banner_is_configured_properly"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.3_Ensure_remote_login_warning_banner_is_configured_properly"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etcmotd_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etcissue_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etcissue.net_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.2_Ensure_GDM_login_banner_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.3_Ensure_GDM_disable-user-list_option_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.4_Ensure_GDM_screen_locks_when_the_user_is_idle"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.5_Ensure_GDM_screen_locks_cannot_be_overridden"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.8_Ensure_GDM_autorun-never_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.9_Ensure_GDM_autorun-never_is_not_overridden"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.10_Ensure_XDCMP_is_not_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.1_Ensure_a_single_time_synchronization_daemon_is_in_use"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.2.1_Ensure_chrony_is_configured_with_authorized_timeserver"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.2.2_Ensure_chrony_is_running_as_user__chrony"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.2.3_Ensure_chrony_is_enabled_and_running"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.3.1_Ensure_systemd-timesyncd_configured_with_authorized_timeserver"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.3.2_Ensure_systemd-timesyncd_is_enabled_and_running"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.4.1_Ensure_ntp_access_control_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.4.2_Ensure_ntp_is_configured_with_authorized_timeserver"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.4.3_Ensure_ntp_is_running_as_user_ntp"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.4.4_Ensure_ntp_is_enabled_and_running"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.2_Ensure_Avahi_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.4_Ensure_DHCP_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.5_Ensure_LDAP_server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.6_Ensure_NFS_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.7_Ensure_DNS_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.8_Ensure_FTP_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.9_Ensure_HTTP_server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.10_Ensure_IMAP_and_POP3_server_are_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.11_Ensure_Samba_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.12_Ensure_HTTP_Proxy_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.13_Ensure_SNMP_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.14_Ensure_NIS_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.15_Ensure_dnsmasq_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.16_Ensure_mail_transfer_agent_is_configured_for_local-only_mode"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.17_Ensure_rsync_service_is_either_not_installed_or_is_masked"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3.1_Ensure_NIS_Client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3.2_Ensure_rsh_client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3.3_Ensure_talk_client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3.4_Ensure_telnet_client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3.5_Ensure_LDAP_client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3.6_Ensure__RPC_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.4_Ensure_nonessential_services_are_removed_or_masked"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.1_Ensure_IPv6_status_is_identified"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.2.1_Ensure_packet_redirect_sending_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.2.2_Ensure_IP_forwarding_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.1_Ensure_source_routed_packets_are_not_accepted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.2_Ensure_ICMP_redirects_are_not_accepted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.3_Ensure_secure_ICMP_redirects_are_not_accepted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.4_Ensure_suspicious_packets_are_logged"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.5_Ensure_broadcast_ICMP_requests_are_ignored"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.6_Ensure_bogus_ICMP_responses_are_ignored"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.7_Ensure_Reverse_Path_Filtering_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.8_Ensure_TCP_SYN_Cookies_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.9_Ensure_IPv6_router_advertisements_are_not_accepted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1.1_Ensure_ufw_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1.2_Ensure_iptables-persistent_is_not_installed_with_ufw"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1.3_Ensure_ufw_service_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1.4_Ensure_ufw_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1.5_Ensure_ufw_outbound_connections_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1.6_Ensure_ufw_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1.7_Ensure_ufw_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.1_Ensure_nftables_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.2_Ensure_ufw_is_uninstalled_or_disabled_with_nftables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.3_Ensure_iptables_are_flushed_with_nftables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.4_Ensure_a_nftables_table_exists"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.5_Ensure_nftables_base_chains_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.6_Ensure_nftables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.7_Ensure_nftables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.8_Ensure_nftables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.9_Ensure_nftables_service_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.10_Ensure_nftables_rules_are_permanent"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.1.1_Ensure_iptables_packages_are_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.1.2_Ensure_nftables_is_not_installed_with_iptables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.1.3_Ensure_ufw_is_uninstalled_or_disabled_with_iptables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.2.1_Ensure_iptables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.2.2_Ensure_iptables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.2.3_Ensure_iptables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.2.4_Ensure_iptables_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.3.1_Ensure_ip6tables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.3.2_Ensure_ip6tables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.3.3_Ensure_ip6tables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.3.4_Ensure_ip6tables_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.1_Ensure_cron_daemon_is_enabled_and_active"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.2_Ensure_permissions_on_etccrontab_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.3_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.hourly_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.daily_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.weekly_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.monthly_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.7_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.d_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.8_Ensure_cron_is_restricted_to_authorized_users"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.9_Ensure_at_is_restricted_to_authorized_users"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1_Ensure_permissions_on_etcsshsshd_config_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.2_Ensure_permissions_on_SSH_private_host_key_files_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.3_Ensure_permissions_on_SSH_public_host_key_files_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.4_Ensure_SSH_access_is_limited"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.5_Ensure_SSH_LogLevel_is_appropriate"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.6_Ensure_SSH_PAM_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.7_Ensure_SSH_root_login_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.8_Ensure_SSH_HostbasedAuthentication_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.9_Ensure_SSH_PermitEmptyPasswords_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.10_Ensure_SSH_PermitUserEnvironment_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.11_Ensure_SSH_IgnoreRhosts_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.12_Ensure_SSH_X11_forwarding_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.13_Ensure_only_strong_Ciphers_are_used"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.14_Ensure_only_strong_MAC_algorithms_are_used"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.15_Ensure_only_strong_Key_Exchange_algorithms_are_used"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.17_Ensure_SSH_warning_banner_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.18_Ensure_SSH_MaxAuthTries_is_set_to_4_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.19_Ensure_SSH_MaxStartups_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.20_Ensure_SSH_LoginGraceTime_is_set_to_one_minute_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.21_Ensure_SSH_MaxSessions_is_set_to_10_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.22_Ensure_SSH_Idle_Timeout_Interval_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3.1_Ensure_sudo_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3.2_Ensure_sudo_commands_use_pty"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3.3_Ensure_sudo_log_file_exists"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3.5_Ensure_re-authentication_for_privilege_escalation_is_not_disabled_globally"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3.6_Ensure_sudo_authentication_timeout_is_configured_correctly"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3.7_Ensure_access_to_the_su_command_is_restricted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.4.1_Ensure_password_creation_requirements_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.4.2_Ensure_lockout_for_failed_password_attempts_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.4.3_Ensure_password_reuse_is_limited"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.4.4_Ensure_strong_password_hashing_algorithm_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.4.5_Ensure_all_current_passwords_uses_the_configured_hashing_algorithm"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.1.1_Ensure_minimum_days_between_password_changes_is__configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.1.2_Ensure_password_expiration_is_365_days_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.1.3_Ensure_password_expiration_warning_days_is_7_or_more"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.1.4_Ensure_inactive_password_lock_is_30_days_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.1.5_Ensure_all_users_last_password_change_date_is_in_the_past"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.1.6_Ensure_the_number_of_changed_characters_in_a_new_password_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.1.7_Ensure_preventing_the_use_of_dictionary_words_for_passwords_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.2_Ensure_system_accounts_are_secured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.3_Ensure_default_group_for_the_root_account_is_GID_0"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.4_Ensure_default_user_umask_is_027_or_more_restrictive"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.5_Ensure_default_user_shell_timeout_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.7_Ensure_maximum_number_of_same_consecutive_characters_in_a_password_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.1.1_Ensure_systemd-journal-remote_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.1.2_Ensure_systemd-journal-remote_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.1.3_Ensure_systemd-journal-remote_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.1.4_Ensure_journald_is_not_configured_to_receive_logs_from_a_remote_client"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.2_Ensure_journald_service_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.3_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_compress_large_log_files"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.4_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_write_logfiles_to_persistent_disk"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.5_Ensure_journald_is_not_configured_to_send_logs_to_rsyslog"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.6_Ensure_journald_log_rotation_is_configured_per_site_policy"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.7_Ensure_journald_default_file_permissions_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2.1_Ensure_rsyslog_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2.2_Ensure_rsyslog_service_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2.3_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_send_logs_to_rsyslog"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2.4_Ensure_rsyslog_default_file_permissions_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2.5_Ensure_logging_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2.6_Ensure_rsyslog_is_configured_to_send_logs_to_a_remote_log_host"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2.7_Ensure_rsyslog_is_not_configured_to_receive_logs_from_a_remote_client"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.3_Ensure_all_logfiles_have_appropriate_access_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.4.11_Ensure_cryptographic_mechanisms_are_used_to_protect_the_integrity_of_audit_tools"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.1_Ensure_permissions_on_etcpasswd_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.2_Ensure_permissions_on_etcpasswd-_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.3_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgroup_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgroup-_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etcshadow_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etcshadow-_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.7_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgshadow_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.8_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgshadow-_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.9_Ensure_permissions_on_etcshells_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.10_Ensure_permissions_on_etcopasswd_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.11_Ensure_world_writable_files_and_directories_are_secured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.12_Ensure_no_unowned_or_ungrouped_files_or_directories_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.13_Ensure_SUID_and_SGID_files_are_reviewed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.1_Ensure_accounts_in_etcpasswd_use_shadowed_passwords"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.2_Ensure_etcshadow_password_fields_are_not_empty"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.3_Ensure_all_groups_in_etcpasswd_exist_in_etcgroup"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.4_Ensure_shadow_group_is_empty"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.5_Ensure_no_duplicate_UIDs_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.6_Ensure_no_duplicate_GIDs_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.7_Ensure_no_duplicate_user_names_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.8_Ensure_no_duplicate_group_names_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.9_Ensure_root_PATH_Integrity"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.10_Ensure_root_is_the_only_UID_0_account"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.11_Ensure_local_interactive_user_home_directories_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.12_Ensure_local_interactive_user_dot_files_access_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
</xccdf:Profile>
Level 2 - Workstation

This profile extends the "Level 1 - Workstation" profile. Items in this profile exhibit one or more of the following characteristics:

  • are intended for environments or use cases where security is paramount.
  • acts as defense in depth measure.
  • may negatively inhibit the utility or performance of the technology.

This profile is intended for workstations.

Show Profile XML
<xccdf:Profile xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
               xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
               xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
               xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
               xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
               xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
               xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
               xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
               xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
               xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
               xmlns:sce="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE_xccdf_stream"
               xmlns:cat="urn:oasis:names:tc:entity:xmlns:xml:catalog"
               xmlns:ds="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
               xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
               xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
               xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
               xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
               xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
               id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_profile_Level_2_-_Workstation">
   <xccdf:title xml:lang="en">Level 2 - Workstation</xccdf:title>
   <xccdf:description xml:lang="en">
      <xhtml:p>This profile extends the "Level 1 - Workstation" profile. Items in this profile exhibit one or more of the following characteristics:</xhtml:p>
      <xhtml:ul>
         <xhtml:li>are intended for environments or use cases where security is paramount.</xhtml:li>
         <xhtml:li>acts as defense in depth measure.</xhtml:li>
         <xhtml:li>may negatively inhibit the utility or performance of the technology.</xhtml:li>
      </xhtml:ul>
      <xhtml:p>This profile is intended for workstations.</xhtml:p>
   </xccdf:description>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.1_Ensure_mounting_of_cramfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.2_Ensure_mounting_of_freevxfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.3_Ensure_mounting_of_jffs2_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.4_Ensure_mounting_of_hfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.5_Ensure_mounting_of_hfsplus_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.6_Ensure_mounting_of_squashfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.7_Ensure_mounting_of_udf_filesystems_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.1_Ensure_tmp_is_a_separate_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.2_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.3_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.4_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.3.1_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_var"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.3.2_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_var_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.3.3_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_var_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.4.1_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_vartmp"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.4.2_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_vartmp_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.4.3_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_vartmp_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.4.4_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_vartmp_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.5.1_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_varlog"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.5.2_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_varlog_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.5.3_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_varlog_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.5.4_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_varlog_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.6.1_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_varlogaudit"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.6.2_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_varlogaudit_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.6.3_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_varlogaudit_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.6.4_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_varlogaudit_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.7.1_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_home"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.7.2_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_home_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.7.3_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_home_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.8.1_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.8.2_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.8.3_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.9_Disable_Automounting"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.10_Disable_USB_Storage"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.2.1_Ensure_AIDE_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.2.2_Ensure_filesystem_integrity_is_regularly_checked"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.1_Ensure_updates_patches_and_additional_security_software_are_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.2_Ensure_package_manager_repositories_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.3_Ensure_GPG_keys_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.1_Ensure_bootloader_password_is_set"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.2_Ensure_permissions_on_bootloader_config_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.3_Ensure_authentication_required_for_single_user_mode"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.1_Ensure_prelink_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.2_Ensure_address_space_layout_randomization_ASLR_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.3_Ensure_ptrace_scope_is_restricted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.4_Ensure_Automatic_Error_Reporting_is_not_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.5_Ensure_core_dumps_are_restricted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.1_Ensure_AppArmor_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.2_Ensure_AppArmor_is_enabled_in_the_bootloader_configuration"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.3_Ensure_all_AppArmor_Profiles_are_in_enforce_or_complain_mode"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.4_Ensure_all_AppArmor_Profiles_are_enforcing"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.1_Ensure_message_of_the_day_is_configured_properly"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.2_Ensure_local_login_warning_banner_is_configured_properly"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.3_Ensure_remote_login_warning_banner_is_configured_properly"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etcmotd_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etcissue_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etcissue.net_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.2_Ensure_GDM_login_banner_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.3_Ensure_GDM_disable-user-list_option_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.4_Ensure_GDM_screen_locks_when_the_user_is_idle"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.5_Ensure_GDM_screen_locks_cannot_be_overridden"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.6_Ensure_GDM_automatic_mounting_of_removable_media_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.7_Ensure_GDM_disabling_automatic_mounting_of_removable_media_is_not_overridden"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.8_Ensure_GDM_autorun-never_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.9_Ensure_GDM_autorun-never_is_not_overridden"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.10_Ensure_XDCMP_is_not_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.1_Ensure_a_single_time_synchronization_daemon_is_in_use"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.2.1_Ensure_chrony_is_configured_with_authorized_timeserver"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.2.2_Ensure_chrony_is_running_as_user__chrony"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.2.3_Ensure_chrony_is_enabled_and_running"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.3.1_Ensure_systemd-timesyncd_configured_with_authorized_timeserver"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.3.2_Ensure_systemd-timesyncd_is_enabled_and_running"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.4.1_Ensure_ntp_access_control_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.4.2_Ensure_ntp_is_configured_with_authorized_timeserver"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.4.3_Ensure_ntp_is_running_as_user_ntp"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.4.4_Ensure_ntp_is_enabled_and_running"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.2_Ensure_Avahi_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.3_Ensure_CUPS_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.4_Ensure_DHCP_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.5_Ensure_LDAP_server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.6_Ensure_NFS_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.7_Ensure_DNS_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.8_Ensure_FTP_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.9_Ensure_HTTP_server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.10_Ensure_IMAP_and_POP3_server_are_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.11_Ensure_Samba_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.12_Ensure_HTTP_Proxy_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.13_Ensure_SNMP_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.14_Ensure_NIS_Server_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.15_Ensure_dnsmasq_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.16_Ensure_mail_transfer_agent_is_configured_for_local-only_mode"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.17_Ensure_rsync_service_is_either_not_installed_or_is_masked"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3.1_Ensure_NIS_Client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3.2_Ensure_rsh_client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3.3_Ensure_talk_client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3.4_Ensure_telnet_client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3.5_Ensure_LDAP_client_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3.6_Ensure__RPC_is_not_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.4_Ensure_nonessential_services_are_removed_or_masked"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.1_Ensure_IPv6_status_is_identified"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.4_Ensure_DCCP_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.5_Ensure_SCTP_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.6_Ensure_RDS_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.7_Ensure_TIPC_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.2.1_Ensure_packet_redirect_sending_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.2.2_Ensure_IP_forwarding_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.1_Ensure_source_routed_packets_are_not_accepted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.2_Ensure_ICMP_redirects_are_not_accepted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.3_Ensure_secure_ICMP_redirects_are_not_accepted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.4_Ensure_suspicious_packets_are_logged"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.5_Ensure_broadcast_ICMP_requests_are_ignored"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.6_Ensure_bogus_ICMP_responses_are_ignored"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.7_Ensure_Reverse_Path_Filtering_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.8_Ensure_TCP_SYN_Cookies_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.9_Ensure_IPv6_router_advertisements_are_not_accepted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1.1_Ensure_ufw_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1.2_Ensure_iptables-persistent_is_not_installed_with_ufw"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1.3_Ensure_ufw_service_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1.4_Ensure_ufw_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1.5_Ensure_ufw_outbound_connections_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1.6_Ensure_ufw_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1.7_Ensure_ufw_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.1_Ensure_nftables_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.2_Ensure_ufw_is_uninstalled_or_disabled_with_nftables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.3_Ensure_iptables_are_flushed_with_nftables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.4_Ensure_a_nftables_table_exists"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.5_Ensure_nftables_base_chains_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.6_Ensure_nftables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.7_Ensure_nftables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.8_Ensure_nftables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.9_Ensure_nftables_service_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.10_Ensure_nftables_rules_are_permanent"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.1.1_Ensure_iptables_packages_are_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.1.2_Ensure_nftables_is_not_installed_with_iptables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.1.3_Ensure_ufw_is_uninstalled_or_disabled_with_iptables"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.2.1_Ensure_iptables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.2.2_Ensure_iptables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.2.3_Ensure_iptables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.2.4_Ensure_iptables_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.3.1_Ensure_ip6tables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.3.2_Ensure_ip6tables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.3.3_Ensure_ip6tables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.3.4_Ensure_ip6tables_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.1_Ensure_cron_daemon_is_enabled_and_active"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.2_Ensure_permissions_on_etccrontab_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.3_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.hourly_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.daily_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.weekly_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.monthly_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.7_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.d_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.8_Ensure_cron_is_restricted_to_authorized_users"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.9_Ensure_at_is_restricted_to_authorized_users"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1_Ensure_permissions_on_etcsshsshd_config_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.2_Ensure_permissions_on_SSH_private_host_key_files_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.3_Ensure_permissions_on_SSH_public_host_key_files_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.4_Ensure_SSH_access_is_limited"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.5_Ensure_SSH_LogLevel_is_appropriate"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.6_Ensure_SSH_PAM_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.7_Ensure_SSH_root_login_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.8_Ensure_SSH_HostbasedAuthentication_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.9_Ensure_SSH_PermitEmptyPasswords_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.10_Ensure_SSH_PermitUserEnvironment_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.11_Ensure_SSH_IgnoreRhosts_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.12_Ensure_SSH_X11_forwarding_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.13_Ensure_only_strong_Ciphers_are_used"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.14_Ensure_only_strong_MAC_algorithms_are_used"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.15_Ensure_only_strong_Key_Exchange_algorithms_are_used"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.16_Ensure_SSH_AllowTcpForwarding_is_disabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.17_Ensure_SSH_warning_banner_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.18_Ensure_SSH_MaxAuthTries_is_set_to_4_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.19_Ensure_SSH_MaxStartups_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.20_Ensure_SSH_LoginGraceTime_is_set_to_one_minute_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.21_Ensure_SSH_MaxSessions_is_set_to_10_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.22_Ensure_SSH_Idle_Timeout_Interval_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3.1_Ensure_sudo_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3.2_Ensure_sudo_commands_use_pty"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3.3_Ensure_sudo_log_file_exists"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3.4_Ensure_users_must_provide_password_for_privilege_escalation"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3.5_Ensure_re-authentication_for_privilege_escalation_is_not_disabled_globally"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3.6_Ensure_sudo_authentication_timeout_is_configured_correctly"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3.7_Ensure_access_to_the_su_command_is_restricted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.4.1_Ensure_password_creation_requirements_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.4.2_Ensure_lockout_for_failed_password_attempts_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.4.3_Ensure_password_reuse_is_limited"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.4.4_Ensure_strong_password_hashing_algorithm_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.4.5_Ensure_all_current_passwords_uses_the_configured_hashing_algorithm"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.1.1_Ensure_minimum_days_between_password_changes_is__configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.1.2_Ensure_password_expiration_is_365_days_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.1.3_Ensure_password_expiration_warning_days_is_7_or_more"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.1.4_Ensure_inactive_password_lock_is_30_days_or_less"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.1.5_Ensure_all_users_last_password_change_date_is_in_the_past"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.1.6_Ensure_the_number_of_changed_characters_in_a_new_password_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.1.7_Ensure_preventing_the_use_of_dictionary_words_for_passwords_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.2_Ensure_system_accounts_are_secured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.3_Ensure_default_group_for_the_root_account_is_GID_0"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.4_Ensure_default_user_umask_is_027_or_more_restrictive"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.5_Ensure_default_user_shell_timeout_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.6_Ensure_nologin_is_not_listed_in_etcshells"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.7_Ensure_maximum_number_of_same_consecutive_characters_in_a_password_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.1.1_Ensure_systemd-journal-remote_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.1.2_Ensure_systemd-journal-remote_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.1.3_Ensure_systemd-journal-remote_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.1.4_Ensure_journald_is_not_configured_to_receive_logs_from_a_remote_client"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.2_Ensure_journald_service_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.3_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_compress_large_log_files"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.4_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_write_logfiles_to_persistent_disk"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.5_Ensure_journald_is_not_configured_to_send_logs_to_rsyslog"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.6_Ensure_journald_log_rotation_is_configured_per_site_policy"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.7_Ensure_journald_default_file_permissions_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2.1_Ensure_rsyslog_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2.2_Ensure_rsyslog_service_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2.3_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_send_logs_to_rsyslog"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2.4_Ensure_rsyslog_default_file_permissions_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2.5_Ensure_logging_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2.6_Ensure_rsyslog_is_configured_to_send_logs_to_a_remote_log_host"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2.7_Ensure_rsyslog_is_not_configured_to_receive_logs_from_a_remote_client"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.3_Ensure_all_logfiles_have_appropriate_access_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.1.1_Ensure_auditd_is_installed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.1.2_Ensure_auditd_service_is_enabled_and_active"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.1.3_Ensure_auditing_for_processes_that_start_prior_to_auditd_is_enabled"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.1.4_Ensure_audit_backlog_limit_is_sufficient"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.2.1_Ensure_audit_log_storage_size_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.2.2_Ensure_audit_logs_are_not_automatically_deleted"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.2.3_Ensure_system_is_disabled_when_audit_logs_are_full"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.1_Ensure_changes_to_system_administration_scope_sudoers_is_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.2_Ensure_actions_as_another_user_are_always_logged"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.3_Ensure_events_that_modify_the_sudo_log_file_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.4_Ensure_events_that_modify_date_and_time_information_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.5_Ensure_events_that_modify_the_systems_network_environment_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.6_Ensure_use_of_privileged_commands_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.7_Ensure_unsuccessful_file_access_attempts_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.8_Ensure_events_that_modify_usergroup_information_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.9_Ensure_discretionary_access_control_permission_modification_events_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.10_Ensure_successful_file_system_mounts_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.11_Ensure_session_initiation_information_is_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.12_Ensure_login_and_logout_events_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.13_Ensure_file_deletion_events_by_users_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.14_Ensure_events_that_modify_the_systems_Mandatory_Access_Controls_are_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.15_Ensure_successful_and_unsuccessful_attempts_to_use_the_chcon_command_are_recorded"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.16_Ensure_successful_and_unsuccessful_attempts_to_use_the_setfacl_command_are_recorded"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.17_Ensure_successful_and_unsuccessful_attempts_to_use_the_chacl_command_are_recorded"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.18_Ensure_successful_and_unsuccessful_attempts_to_use_the_usermod_command_are_recorded"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.19_Ensure_kernel_module_loading_unloading_and_modification_is_collected"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.20_Ensure_the_audit_configuration_is_immutable"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.21_Ensure_the_running_and_on_disk_configuration_is_the_same"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.4.1_Ensure_audit_log_files_are_mode_0640_or_less_permissive"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.4.2_Ensure_only_authorized_users_own_audit_log_files"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.4.3_Ensure_only_authorized_groups_are_assigned_ownership_of_audit_log_files"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.4.4_Ensure_the_audit_log_directory_is_0750_or_more_restrictive"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.4.5_Ensure_audit_configuration_files_are_640_or_more_restrictive"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.4.6_Ensure_audit_configuration_files_are_owned_by_root"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.4.7_Ensure_audit_configuration_files_belong_to_group_root"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.4.8_Ensure_audit_tools_are_755_or_more_restrictive"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.4.9_Ensure_audit_tools_are_owned_by_root"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.4.10_Ensure_audit_tools_belong_to_group_root"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.4.11_Ensure_cryptographic_mechanisms_are_used_to_protect_the_integrity_of_audit_tools"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.1_Ensure_permissions_on_etcpasswd_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.2_Ensure_permissions_on_etcpasswd-_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.3_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgroup_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgroup-_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etcshadow_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etcshadow-_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.7_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgshadow_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.8_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgshadow-_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.9_Ensure_permissions_on_etcshells_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.10_Ensure_permissions_on_etcopasswd_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.11_Ensure_world_writable_files_and_directories_are_secured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.12_Ensure_no_unowned_or_ungrouped_files_or_directories_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.13_Ensure_SUID_and_SGID_files_are_reviewed"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.1_Ensure_accounts_in_etcpasswd_use_shadowed_passwords"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.2_Ensure_etcshadow_password_fields_are_not_empty"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.3_Ensure_all_groups_in_etcpasswd_exist_in_etcgroup"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.4_Ensure_shadow_group_is_empty"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.5_Ensure_no_duplicate_UIDs_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.6_Ensure_no_duplicate_GIDs_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.7_Ensure_no_duplicate_user_names_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.8_Ensure_no_duplicate_group_names_exist"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.9_Ensure_root_PATH_Integrity"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.10_Ensure_root_is_the_only_UID_0_account"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.11_Ensure_local_interactive_user_home_directories_are_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
   <xccdf:select idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.12_Ensure_local_interactive_user_dot_files_access_is_configured"
                 selected="true"/>
</xccdf:Profile>
⇧

Assessment Results

Display Only Essential Hygiene (CIS Critical Security Controls V8- IG-1)
Display Only Failures
More
w Benchmark Item Result
1 Initial Setup
1.1 Filesystem Configuration
1.1.1 Disable unused filesystems
1.0 1.1.1.1 Ensure mounting of cramfs filesystems is disabled Pass
1.0 1.1.1.2 Ensure mounting of freevxfs filesystems is disabled Pass
1.0 1.1.1.3 Ensure mounting of jffs2 filesystems is disabled Pass
1.0 1.1.1.4 Ensure mounting of hfs filesystems is disabled Pass
1.0 1.1.1.5 Ensure mounting of hfsplus filesystems is disabled Pass
1.0 1.1.1.6 Ensure mounting of squashfs filesystems is disabled Pass
1.0 1.1.1.7 Ensure mounting of udf filesystems is disabled Fail
1.1.2 Configure /tmp
1.0 1.1.2.1 Ensure /tmp is a separate partition Fail
1.0 1.1.2.2 Ensure nodev option set on /tmp partition Pass
1.0 1.1.2.3 Ensure noexec option set on /tmp partition Pass
1.0 1.1.2.4 Ensure nosuid option set on /tmp partition Pass
1.1.3 Configure /var
1.0 1.1.3.1 Ensure separate partition exists for /var Fail
1.0 1.1.3.2 Ensure nodev option set on /var partition Pass
1.0 1.1.3.3 Ensure nosuid option set on /var partition Pass
1.1.4 Configure /var/tmp
1.0 1.1.4.1 Ensure separate partition exists for /var/tmp Fail
1.0 1.1.4.2 Ensure nodev option set on /var/tmp partition Pass
1.0 1.1.4.3 Ensure noexec option set on /var/tmp partition Pass
1.0 1.1.4.4 Ensure nosuid option set on /var/tmp partition Pass
1.1.5 Configure /var/log
1.0 1.1.5.1 Ensure separate partition exists for /var/log Fail
1.0 1.1.5.2 Ensure nodev option set on /var/log partition Pass
1.0 1.1.5.3 Ensure noexec option set on /var/log partition Pass
1.0 1.1.5.4 Ensure nosuid option set on /var/log partition Pass
1.1.6 Configure /var/log/audit
1.0 1.1.6.1 Ensure separate partition exists for /var/log/audit Fail
1.0 1.1.6.2 Ensure nodev option set on /var/log/audit partition Pass
1.0 1.1.6.3 Ensure noexec option set on /var/log/audit partition Pass
1.0 1.1.6.4 Ensure nosuid option set on /var/log/audit partition Pass
1.1.7 Configure /home
1.0 1.1.7.1 Ensure separate partition exists for /home Fail
1.0 1.1.7.2 Ensure nodev option set on /home partition Pass
1.0 1.1.7.3 Ensure nosuid option set on /home partition Pass
1.1.8 Configure /dev/shm
1.0 1.1.8.1 Ensure nodev option set on /dev/shm partition Pass
1.0 1.1.8.2 Ensure noexec option set on /dev/shm partition Fail
1.0 1.1.8.3 Ensure nosuid option set on /dev/shm partition Pass
1.0 1.1.9 Disable Automounting Pass
1.0 1.1.10 Disable USB Storage Fail
1.2 Filesystem Integrity Checking
1.0 1.2.1 Ensure AIDE is installed Fail
1.0 1.2.2 Ensure filesystem integrity is regularly checked Fail
1.3 Configure Software and Patch Management


1.3.1 Ensure updates, patches, and additional security software are installed Manual


1.3.2 Ensure package manager repositories are configured Manual


1.3.3 Ensure GPG keys are configured Manual
1.4 Secure Boot Settings
1.0 1.4.1 Ensure bootloader password is set Fail
1.0 1.4.2 Ensure permissions on bootloader config are configured Fail
1.0 1.4.3 Ensure authentication required for single user mode Fail
1.5 Additional Process Hardening
1.0 1.5.1 Ensure prelink is not installed Pass
1.0 1.5.2 Ensure address space layout randomization (ASLR) is enabled Fail
1.0 1.5.3 Ensure ptrace_scope is restricted Pass
1.0 1.5.4 Ensure Automatic Error Reporting is not enabled Fail
1.0 1.5.5 Ensure core dumps are restricted Fail
1.6 Mandatory Access Control
1.6.1 Configure AppArmor
1.0 1.6.1.1 Ensure AppArmor is installed Fail
1.0 1.6.1.2 Ensure AppArmor is enabled in the bootloader configuration Fail
1.0 1.6.1.3 Ensure all AppArmor Profiles are in enforce or complain mode Pass
1.0 1.6.1.4 Ensure all AppArmor Profiles are enforcing Pass
1.7 Command Line Warning Banners
1.0 1.7.1 Ensure message of the day is configured properly Pass
1.0 1.7.2 Ensure local login warning banner is configured properly Fail
1.0 1.7.3 Ensure remote login warning banner is configured properly Fail
1.0 1.7.4 Ensure permissions on /etc/motd are configured Pass
1.0 1.7.5 Ensure permissions on /etc/issue are configured Pass
1.0 1.7.6 Ensure permissions on /etc/issue.net are configured Pass
1.8 GNOME Display Manager
1.0 1.8.1 Ensure GNOME Display Manager is removed Pass
1.0 1.8.2 Ensure GDM login banner is configured Pass
1.0 1.8.3 Ensure GDM disable-user-list option is enabled Pass
1.0 1.8.4 Ensure GDM screen locks when the user is idle Pass
1.0 1.8.5 Ensure GDM screen locks cannot be overridden Pass
1.0 1.8.6 Ensure GDM automatic mounting of removable media is disabled Pass
1.0 1.8.7 Ensure GDM disabling automatic mounting of removable media is not overridden Pass
1.0 1.8.8 Ensure GDM autorun-never is enabled Pass
1.0 1.8.9 Ensure GDM autorun-never is not overridden Pass
1.0 1.8.10 Ensure XDCMP is not enabled Pass
2 Services
2.1 Configure Time Synchronization
2.1.1 Ensure time synchronization is in use
1.0 2.1.1.1 Ensure a single time synchronization daemon is in use Pass
2.1.2 Configure chrony


2.1.2.1 Ensure chrony is configured with authorized timeserver Manual
1.0 2.1.2.2 Ensure chrony is running as user _chrony Pass
1.0 2.1.2.3 Ensure chrony is enabled and running Pass
2.1.3 Configure systemd-timesyncd
1.0 2.1.3.1 Ensure systemd-timesyncd configured with authorized timeserver Pass


2.1.3.2 Ensure systemd-timesyncd is enabled and running Manual
2.1.4 Configure ntp
1.0 2.1.4.1 Ensure ntp access control is configured Pass


2.1.4.2 Ensure ntp is configured with authorized timeserver Manual
1.0 2.1.4.3 Ensure ntp is running as user ntp Pass
1.0 2.1.4.4 Ensure ntp is enabled and running Pass
2.2 Special Purpose Services
1.0 2.2.1 Ensure X Window System is not installed Pass
1.0 2.2.2 Ensure Avahi Server is not installed Pass
1.0 2.2.3 Ensure CUPS is not installed Pass
1.0 2.2.4 Ensure DHCP Server is not installed Pass
1.0 2.2.5 Ensure LDAP server is not installed Pass
1.0 2.2.6 Ensure NFS is not installed Pass
1.0 2.2.7 Ensure DNS Server is not installed Pass
1.0 2.2.8 Ensure FTP Server is not installed Pass
1.0 2.2.9 Ensure HTTP server is not installed Pass
1.0 2.2.10 Ensure IMAP and POP3 server are not installed Pass
1.0 2.2.11 Ensure Samba is not installed Pass
1.0 2.2.12 Ensure HTTP Proxy Server is not installed Pass
1.0 2.2.13 Ensure SNMP Server is not installed Pass
1.0 2.2.14 Ensure NIS Server is not installed Pass
1.0 2.2.15 Ensure dnsmasq is not installed Pass
1.0 2.2.16 Ensure mail transfer agent is configured for local-only mode Pass
1.0 2.2.17 Ensure rsync service is either not installed or is masked Fail
2.3 Service Clients
1.0 2.3.1 Ensure NIS Client is not installed Pass
1.0 2.3.2 Ensure rsh client is not installed Pass
1.0 2.3.3 Ensure talk client is not installed Pass
1.0 2.3.4 Ensure telnet client is not installed Fail
1.0 2.3.5 Ensure LDAP client is not installed Pass
1.0 2.3.6 Ensure RPC is not installed Pass


2.4 Ensure nonessential services are removed or masked Manual
3 Network Configuration
3.1 Disable unused network protocols and devices


3.1.1 Ensure IPv6 status is identified Manual
1.0 3.1.2 Ensure wireless interfaces are disabled Pass
1.0 3.1.3 Ensure bluetooth is disabled Pass
1.0 3.1.4 Ensure DCCP is disabled Fail
1.0 3.1.5 Ensure SCTP is disabled Fail
1.0 3.1.6 Ensure RDS is disabled Pass
1.0 3.1.7 Ensure TIPC is disabled Fail
3.2 Network Parameters (Host Only)
1.0 3.2.1 Ensure packet redirect sending is disabled Fail
1.0 3.2.2 Ensure IP forwarding is disabled Fail
3.3 Network Parameters (Host and Router)
1.0 3.3.1 Ensure source routed packets are not accepted Fail
1.0 3.3.2 Ensure ICMP redirects are not accepted Fail
1.0 3.3.3 Ensure secure ICMP redirects are not accepted Fail
1.0 3.3.4 Ensure suspicious packets are logged Fail
1.0 3.3.5 Ensure broadcast ICMP requests are ignored Pass
1.0 3.3.6 Ensure bogus ICMP responses are ignored Pass
1.0 3.3.7 Ensure Reverse Path Filtering is enabled Fail
1.0 3.3.8 Ensure TCP SYN Cookies is enabled Fail
1.0 3.3.9 Ensure IPv6 router advertisements are not accepted Fail
3.4 Firewall Configuration
3.4.1 Configure UncomplicatedFirewall
1.0 3.4.1.1 Ensure ufw is installed Pass
1.0 3.4.1.2 Ensure iptables-persistent is not installed with ufw Pass
1.0 3.4.1.3 Ensure ufw service is enabled Fail
1.0 3.4.1.4 Ensure ufw loopback traffic is configured Fail


3.4.1.5 Ensure ufw outbound connections are configured Manual
1.0 3.4.1.6 Ensure ufw firewall rules exist for all open ports Fail
1.0 3.4.1.7 Ensure ufw default deny firewall policy Fail
3.4.2 Configure nftables
1.0 3.4.2.1 Ensure nftables is installed Fail
1.0 3.4.2.2 Ensure ufw is uninstalled or disabled with nftables Pass


3.4.2.3 Ensure iptables are flushed with nftables Manual
1.0 3.4.2.4 Ensure a nftables table exists Fail
1.0 3.4.2.5 Ensure nftables base chains exist Fail
1.0 3.4.2.6 Ensure nftables loopback traffic is configured Fail


3.4.2.7 Ensure nftables outbound and established connections are configured Manual
1.0 3.4.2.8 Ensure nftables default deny firewall policy Fail
1.0 3.4.2.9 Ensure nftables service is enabled Fail
1.0 3.4.2.10 Ensure nftables rules are permanent Fail
3.4.3 Configure iptables
3.4.3.1 Configure iptables software
1.0 3.4.3.1.1 Ensure iptables packages are installed Fail
1.0 3.4.3.1.2 Ensure nftables is not installed with iptables Pass
1.0 3.4.3.1.3 Ensure ufw is uninstalled or disabled with iptables Pass
3.4.3.2 Configure IPv4 iptables
1.0 3.4.3.2.1 Ensure iptables default deny firewall policy Fail
1.0 3.4.3.2.2 Ensure iptables loopback traffic is configured Fail


3.4.3.2.3 Ensure iptables outbound and established connections are configured Manual
1.0 3.4.3.2.4 Ensure iptables firewall rules exist for all open ports Fail
3.4.3.3 Configure IPv6 ip6tables
1.0 3.4.3.3.1 Ensure ip6tables default deny firewall policy Fail
1.0 3.4.3.3.2 Ensure ip6tables loopback traffic is configured Fail


3.4.3.3.3 Ensure ip6tables outbound and established connections are configured Manual
1.0 3.4.3.3.4 Ensure ip6tables firewall rules exist for all open ports Fail
4 Access, Authentication and Authorization
4.1 Configure time-based job schedulers
1.0 4.1.1 Ensure cron daemon is enabled and active Pass
1.0 4.1.2 Ensure permissions on /etc/crontab are configured Fail
1.0 4.1.3 Ensure permissions on /etc/cron.hourly are configured Fail
1.0 4.1.4 Ensure permissions on /etc/cron.daily are configured Fail
1.0 4.1.5 Ensure permissions on /etc/cron.weekly are configured Fail
1.0 4.1.6 Ensure permissions on /etc/cron.monthly are configured Fail
1.0 4.1.7 Ensure permissions on /etc/cron.d are configured Fail
1.0 4.1.8 Ensure cron is restricted to authorized users Fail
1.0 4.1.9 Ensure at is restricted to authorized users Fail
4.2 Configure SSH Server
1.0 4.2.1 Ensure permissions on /etc/ssh/sshd_config are configured Fail
1.0 4.2.2 Ensure permissions on SSH private host key files are configured Pass
1.0 4.2.3 Ensure permissions on SSH public host key files are configured Pass
1.0 4.2.4 Ensure SSH access is limited Fail
1.0 4.2.5 Ensure SSH LogLevel is appropriate Pass
1.0 4.2.6 Ensure SSH PAM is enabled Fail
1.0 4.2.7 Ensure SSH root login is disabled Fail
1.0 4.2.8 Ensure SSH HostbasedAuthentication is disabled Pass
1.0 4.2.9 Ensure SSH PermitEmptyPasswords is disabled Pass
1.0 4.2.10 Ensure SSH PermitUserEnvironment is disabled Pass
1.0 4.2.11 Ensure SSH IgnoreRhosts is enabled Pass
1.0 4.2.12 Ensure SSH X11 forwarding is disabled Pass
1.0 4.2.13 Ensure only strong Ciphers are used Pass
1.0 4.2.14 Ensure only strong MAC algorithms are used Pass
1.0 4.2.15 Ensure only strong Key Exchange algorithms are used Pass
1.0 4.2.16 Ensure SSH AllowTcpForwarding is disabled Fail
1.0 4.2.17 Ensure SSH warning banner is configured Pass
1.0 4.2.18 Ensure SSH MaxAuthTries is set to 4 or less Fail
1.0 4.2.19 Ensure SSH MaxStartups is configured Fail
1.0 4.2.20 Ensure SSH LoginGraceTime is set to one minute or less Fail
1.0 4.2.21 Ensure SSH MaxSessions is set to 10 or less Pass
1.0 4.2.22 Ensure SSH Idle Timeout Interval is configured Pass
4.3 Configure privilege escalation
1.0 4.3.1 Ensure sudo is installed Pass
1.0 4.3.2 Ensure sudo commands use pty Fail
1.0 4.3.3 Ensure sudo log file exists Fail
1.0 4.3.4 Ensure users must provide password for privilege escalation Fail
1.0 4.3.5 Ensure re-authentication for privilege escalation is not disabled globally Pass
1.0 4.3.6 Ensure sudo authentication timeout is configured correctly Pass
1.0 4.3.7 Ensure access to the su command is restricted Fail
4.4 Configure PAM
1.0 4.4.1 Ensure password creation requirements are configured Fail
1.0 4.4.2 Ensure lockout for failed password attempts is configured Fail
1.0 4.4.3 Ensure password reuse is limited Fail
1.0 4.4.4 Ensure strong password hashing algorithm is configured Pass


4.4.5 Ensure all current passwords uses the configured hashing algorithm Manual
4.5 User Accounts and Environment
4.5.1 Set Shadow Password Suite Parameters
1.0 4.5.1.1 Ensure minimum days between password changes is configured Fail
1.0 4.5.1.2 Ensure password expiration is 365 days or less Fail
1.0 4.5.1.3 Ensure password expiration warning days is 7 or more Pass
1.0 4.5.1.4 Ensure inactive password lock is 30 days or less Fail
1.0 4.5.1.5 Ensure all users last password change date is in the past Pass
1.0 4.5.1.6 Ensure the number of changed characters in a new password is configured Fail
1.0 4.5.1.7 Ensure preventing the use of dictionary words for passwords is configured Fail
1.0 4.5.2 Ensure system accounts are secured Fail
1.0 4.5.3 Ensure default group for the root account is GID 0 Pass
1.0 4.5.4 Ensure default user umask is 027 or more restrictive Fail
1.0 4.5.5 Ensure default user shell timeout is configured Fail
1.0 4.5.6 Ensure nologin is not listed in /etc/shells Pass
1.0 4.5.7 Ensure maximum number of same consecutive characters in a password is configured Fail
5 Logging and Auditing
5.1 Configure Logging
5.1.1 Configure journald
5.1.1.1 Ensure journald is configured to send logs to a remote log host
1.0 5.1.1.1.1 Ensure systemd-journal-remote is installed Pass


5.1.1.1.2 Ensure systemd-journal-remote is configured Manual


5.1.1.1.3 Ensure systemd-journal-remote is enabled Manual
1.0 5.1.1.1.4 Ensure journald is not configured to receive logs from a remote client Pass
1.0 5.1.1.2 Ensure journald service is enabled Pass
1.0 5.1.1.3 Ensure journald is configured to compress large log files Fail
1.0 5.1.1.4 Ensure journald is configured to write logfiles to persistent disk Fail


5.1.1.5 Ensure journald is not configured to send logs to rsyslog Manual


5.1.1.6 Ensure journald log rotation is configured per site policy Manual


5.1.1.7 Ensure journald default file permissions configured Manual
5.1.2 Configure rsyslog
1.0 5.1.2.1 Ensure rsyslog is installed Pass
1.0 5.1.2.2 Ensure rsyslog service is enabled Pass


5.1.2.3 Ensure journald is configured to send logs to rsyslog Manual
1.0 5.1.2.4 Ensure rsyslog default file permissions are configured Pass


5.1.2.5 Ensure logging is configured Manual


5.1.2.6 Ensure rsyslog is configured to send logs to a remote log host Manual
1.0 5.1.2.7 Ensure rsyslog is not configured to receive logs from a remote client Pass
1.0 5.1.3 Ensure all logfiles have appropriate access configured Fail
5.2 Configure System Accounting (auditd)
5.2.1 Ensure auditing is enabled
1.0 5.2.1.1 Ensure auditd is installed Fail
1.0 5.2.1.2 Ensure auditd service is enabled and active Fail
1.0 5.2.1.3 Ensure auditing for processes that start prior to auditd is enabled Fail
1.0 5.2.1.4 Ensure audit_backlog_limit is sufficient Fail
5.2.2 Configure Data Retention
1.0 5.2.2.1 Ensure audit log storage size is configured Fail
1.0 5.2.2.2 Ensure audit logs are not automatically deleted Fail
1.0 5.2.2.3 Ensure system is disabled when audit logs are full Fail
5.2.3 Configure auditd rules
1.0 5.2.3.1 Ensure changes to system administration scope (sudoers) is collected Fail
1.0 5.2.3.2 Ensure actions as another user are always logged Fail
1.0 5.2.3.3 Ensure events that modify the sudo log file are collected Fail
1.0 5.2.3.4 Ensure events that modify date and time information are collected Fail
1.0 5.2.3.5 Ensure events that modify the system's network environment are collected Fail
1.0 5.2.3.6 Ensure use of privileged commands are collected Fail
1.0 5.2.3.7 Ensure unsuccessful file access attempts are collected Fail
1.0 5.2.3.8 Ensure events that modify user/group information are collected Fail
1.0 5.2.3.9 Ensure discretionary access control permission modification events are collected Fail
1.0 5.2.3.10 Ensure successful file system mounts are collected Fail
1.0 5.2.3.11 Ensure session initiation information is collected Fail
1.0 5.2.3.12 Ensure login and logout events are collected Fail
1.0 5.2.3.13 Ensure file deletion events by users are collected Fail
1.0 5.2.3.14 Ensure events that modify the system's Mandatory Access Controls are collected Fail
1.0 5.2.3.15 Ensure successful and unsuccessful attempts to use the chcon command are recorded Fail
1.0 5.2.3.16 Ensure successful and unsuccessful attempts to use the setfacl command are recorded Fail
1.0 5.2.3.17 Ensure successful and unsuccessful attempts to use the chacl command are recorded Fail
1.0 5.2.3.18 Ensure successful and unsuccessful attempts to use the usermod command are recorded Fail
1.0 5.2.3.19 Ensure kernel module loading unloading and modification is collected Fail
1.0 5.2.3.20 Ensure the audit configuration is immutable Fail


5.2.3.21 Ensure the running and on disk configuration is the same Manual
5.2.4 Configure auditd file access
1.0 5.2.4.1 Ensure audit log files are mode 0640 or less permissive Pass
1.0 5.2.4.2 Ensure only authorized users own audit log files Pass
1.0 5.2.4.3 Ensure only authorized groups are assigned ownership of audit log files Pass
1.0 5.2.4.4 Ensure the audit log directory is 0750 or more restrictive Fail
1.0 5.2.4.5 Ensure audit configuration files are 640 or more restrictive Pass
1.0 5.2.4.6 Ensure audit configuration files are owned by root Pass
1.0 5.2.4.7 Ensure audit configuration files belong to group root Pass
1.0 5.2.4.8 Ensure audit tools are 755 or more restrictive Fail
1.0 5.2.4.9 Ensure audit tools are owned by root Fail
1.0 5.2.4.10 Ensure audit tools belong to group root Fail
1.0 5.2.4.11 Ensure cryptographic mechanisms are used to protect the integrity of audit tools Fail
6 System Maintenance
6.1 System File Permissions
1.0 6.1.1 Ensure permissions on /etc/passwd are configured Pass
1.0 6.1.2 Ensure permissions on /etc/passwd- are configured Pass
1.0 6.1.3 Ensure permissions on /etc/group are configured Pass
1.0 6.1.4 Ensure permissions on /etc/group- are configured Pass
1.0 6.1.5 Ensure permissions on /etc/shadow are configured Pass
1.0 6.1.6 Ensure permissions on /etc/shadow- are configured Pass
1.0 6.1.7 Ensure permissions on /etc/gshadow are configured Pass
1.0 6.1.8 Ensure permissions on /etc/gshadow- are configured Pass
1.0 6.1.9 Ensure permissions on /etc/shells are configured Pass
1.0 6.1.10 Ensure permissions on /etc/opasswd are configured Fail
1.0 6.1.11 Ensure world writable files and directories are secured Pass
1.0 6.1.12 Ensure no unowned or ungrouped files or directories exist Fail


6.1.13 Ensure SUID and SGID files are reviewed Manual
6.2 Local User and Group Settings
1.0 6.2.1 Ensure accounts in /etc/passwd use shadowed passwords Pass
1.0 6.2.2 Ensure /etc/shadow password fields are not empty Pass
1.0 6.2.3 Ensure all groups in /etc/passwd exist in /etc/group Pass
1.0 6.2.4 Ensure shadow group is empty Pass
1.0 6.2.5 Ensure no duplicate UIDs exist Fail
1.0 6.2.6 Ensure no duplicate GIDs exist Pass
1.0 6.2.7 Ensure no duplicate user names exist Pass
1.0 6.2.8 Ensure no duplicate group names exist Pass
1.0 6.2.9 Ensure root PATH Integrity Pass
1.0 6.2.10 Ensure root is the only UID 0 account Fail
1.0 6.2.11 Ensure local interactive user home directories are configured Fail
1.0 6.2.12 Ensure local interactive user dot files access is configured Fail
⇧

Assessment Details

1 Initial Setup

Items in this section are advised for all systems, but may be difficult or require extensive preparation after the initial setup of the system.

1.1 Filesystem Configuration

Directories that are used for system-wide functions can be further protected by placing them on separate partitions. This provides protection for resource exhaustion and enables the use of mounting options that are applicable to the directory's intended use. Users' data can be stored on separate partitions and have stricter mount options. A user partition is a filesystem that has been established for use by the users and does not contain software for system operations.

The recommendations in this section are easier to perform during initial system installation. If the system is already installed, it is recommended that a full backup be performed before repartitioning the system.

Note: If you are repartitioning a system that has already been installed (This may require the system to be in single-user mode):

  • Mount the new partition to a temporary mountpoint e.g. mount /dev/sda2 /mnt
  • Copy data from the original partition to the new partition. e.g. cp /var/tmp/* /mnt
  • Verify that all data is present on the new partition. e.g. ls -la /mnt
  • Unmount the new partition. e.g. umount /mnt
  • Remove the data from the original directory that was in the old partition. e.g. rm -Rf /var/tmp/* Otherwise it will still consume space in the old partition that will be masked when the new filesystem is mounted.
  • Mount the new partition to the desired mountpoint. e.g. mount /dev/sda2 /var/tmp
  • Update /etc/fstab with the new mountpoint. e.g. /dev/sda2 /var/tmp xfs defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0

1.1.1 Disable unused filesystems

A number of uncommon filesystem types are supported under Linux. Removing support for unneeded filesystem types reduces the local attack surface of the system. If a filesystem type is not needed it should be disabled. Native Linux file systems are designed to ensure that built-in security controls function as expected. Non-native filesystems can lead to unexpected consequences to both the security and functionality of the system and should be used with caution. Many filesystems are created for niche use cases and are not maintained and supported as the operating systems are updated and patched. Users of non-native filesystems should ensure that there is attention and ongoing support for them, especially in light of frequent operating system changes.

Standard network connectivity and Internet access to cloud storage may make the use of non-standard filesystem formats to directly attach heterogeneous devices much less attractive.

Note : This should not be considered a comprehensive list of filesystems. You may wish to consider additions to those listed here for your environment. For the current available file system modules on the system see /usr/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/fs

Start up scripts

Kernel modules loaded directly via insmod will ignore what is configured in the relevant /etc/modprobe.d/*.conf files. If modules are still being loaded after a reboot whilst having the correctly configured blacklist and install command, check for insmod entries in start up scripts such as .bashrc .

You may also want to check /lib/modprobe.d/ . Please note that this directory should not be used for user defined module loading. Ensure that all such entries resides in /etc/modprobe.d/*.conf files.

Return values

By using /bin/false as the command in disabling a particular module serves two purposes; to convey the meaning of the entry to the user and cause a non-zero return value. The latter can be tested for in scripts. Please note that insmod will ignore what is configured in the relevant /etc/modprobe.d/*.conf files. The preferred way to load modules is with modprobe .

Pass

1.1.1.1 Ensure mounting of cramfs filesystems is disabled

Description:

The cramfs filesystem type is a compressed read-only Linux filesystem embedded in small footprint systems. A cramfs image can be used without having to first decompress the image.

Removing support for unneeded filesystem types reduces the local attack surface of the system. If this filesystem type is not needed, disable it.

Run the following script to disable the cramfs module:

If the module is available in the running kernel:

  • Create a file with install cramfs /bin/false in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory
  • Create a file with blacklist cramfs in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory
  • Unload cramfs from the kernel

If available in ANY installed kernel:

  • Create a file with blacklist cramfs in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory

If the kernel module is not available on the system or pre-compiled into the kernel:

  • No remediation is necessary
#!/usr/bin/env bash



{

l_mname="cramfs" # set module name

l_mtype="fs" # set module type

l_mpath="/lib/modules/**/kernel/$l_mtype"

l_mpname="$(tr '-' '_' <<< "$l_mname")"

l_mndir="$(tr '-' '/' <<< "$l_mname")"



module_loadable_fix()

{

# If the module is currently loadable, add "install {MODULE_NAME} /bin/false" to a file in "/etc/modprobe.d"

l_loadable="$(modprobe -n -v "$l_mname")"

[ "$(wc -l <<< "$l_loadable")" -gt "1" ] && l_loadable="$(grep -P -- "(^\h*install|\b$l_mname)\b" <<< "$l_loadable")"

if ! grep -Pq -- '^\h*install \/bin\/(true|false)' <<< "$l_loadable"; then

echo -e "\n - setting module: \"$l_mname\" to be not loadable"

echo -e "install $l_mname /bin/false" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mpname".conf

fi

}

module_loaded_fix()

{

# If the module is currently loaded, unload the module

if lsmod | grep "$l_mname" > /dev/null 2>&1; then

echo -e "\n - unloading module \"$l_mname\""

modprobe -r "$l_mname"

fi

}

module_deny_fix()

{

# If the module isn't deny listed, denylist the module

if ! modprobe --showconfig | grep -Pq -- "^\h*blacklist\h+$l_mpname\b"; then

echo -e "\n - deny listing \"$l_mname\""

echo -e "blacklist $l_mname" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mpname".conf

fi

}

# Check if the module exists on the system

for l_mdir in $l_mpath; do

if [ -d "$l_mdir/$l_mndir" ] && [ -n "$(ls -A $l_mdir/$l_mndir)" ]; then

echo -e "\n - module: \"$l_mname\" exists in \"$l_mdir\"\n - checking if disabled..."

module_deny_fix

if [ "$l_mdir" = "/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/$l_mtype" ]; then

module_loadable_fix

module_loaded_fix

fi

else

echo -e "\n - module: \"$l_mname\" doesn't exist in \"$l_mdir\"\n"

fi

done

echo -e "\n - remediation of module: \"$l_mname\" complete\n"

}

Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
AND
Script: sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh
Result: Pass
Exit Value: 101
Output:
  • - Audit Result:
  • ** PASS **
  • - module: "cramfs" doesn't exist in "/lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/fs"
No error lines were collected.


Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.1_Ensure_mounting_of_cramfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.845Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3994868_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** PASS **</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - module: "cramfs" doesn't exist in "/lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/fs"</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** PASS **</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - module: "cramfs" doesn't exist in "/lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/fs"</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

References:

  • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7

CIS Controls V7.0:

  • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
    CIS Control Information
    Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
    Subcontrol: 9.2
    Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
    Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
    • >

CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

  • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
    CIS Control Information
    Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
    Safeguard: 4.8
    Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
    Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
    Implementation Group: IG-2
    Security Function: Protect
    • >

Back to Summary
Pass

1.1.1.2 Ensure mounting of freevxfs filesystems is disabled

Description:

The freevxfs filesystem type is a free version of the Veritas type filesystem. This is the primary filesystem type for HP-UX operating systems.

Removing support for unneeded filesystem types reduces the local attack surface of the system. If this filesystem type is not needed, disable it.

Run the following script to disable the freevxfs module:

If the module is available in the running kernel:

  • Create a file with install freevxfs /bin/false in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory
  • Create a file with blacklist freevxfs in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory
  • Unload freevxfs from the kernel

If available in ANY installed kernel:

  • Create a file with blacklist freevxfs in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory

If the kernel module is not available on the system or pre-compiled into the kernel:

  • No remediation is necessary
#!/usr/bin/env bash



{

l_mname="freevxfs" # set module name

l_mtype="fs" # set module type

l_mpath="/lib/modules/**/kernel/$l_mtype"

l_mpname="$(tr '-' '_' <<< "$l_mname")"

l_mndir="$(tr '-' '/' <<< "$l_mname")"



module_loadable_fix()

{

# If the module is currently loadable, add "install {MODULE_NAME} /bin/false" to a file in "/etc/modprobe.d"

l_loadable="$(modprobe -n -v "$l_mname")"

[ "$(wc -l <<< "$l_loadable")" -gt "1" ] && l_loadable="$(grep -P -- "(^\h*install|\b$l_mname)\b" <<< "$l_loadable")"

if ! grep -Pq -- '^\h*install \/bin\/(true|false)' <<< "$l_loadable"; then

echo -e "\n - setting module: \"$l_mname\" to be not loadable"

echo -e "install $l_mname /bin/false" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mpname".conf

fi

}

module_loaded_fix()

{

# If the module is currently loaded, unload the module

if lsmod | grep "$l_mname" > /dev/null 2>&1; then

echo -e "\n - unloading module \"$l_mname\""

modprobe -r "$l_mname"

fi

}

module_deny_fix()

{

# If the module isn't deny listed, denylist the module

if ! modprobe --showconfig | grep -Pq -- "^\h*blacklist\h+$l_mpname\b"; then

echo -e "\n - deny listing \"$l_mname\""

echo -e "blacklist $l_mname" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mpname".conf

fi

}

# Check if the module exists on the system

for l_mdir in $l_mpath; do

if [ -d "$l_mdir/$l_mndir" ] && [ -n "$(ls -A $l_mdir/$l_mndir)" ]; then

echo -e "\n - module: \"$l_mname\" exists in \"$l_mdir\"\n - checking if disabled..."

module_deny_fix

if [ "$l_mdir" = "/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/$l_mtype" ]; then

module_loadable_fix

module_loaded_fix

fi

else

echo -e "\n - module: \"$l_mname\" doesn't exist in \"$l_mdir\"\n"

fi

done

echo -e "\n - remediation of module: \"$l_mname\" complete\n"

}

Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
AND
Script: sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh
Result: Pass
Exit Value: 101
Output:
  • - Audit Result:
  • ** PASS **
  • - module: "freevxfs" doesn't exist in "/lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/fs"
No error lines were collected.


Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.2_Ensure_mounting_of_freevxfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.845Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3994869_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** PASS **</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - module: "freevxfs" doesn't exist in "/lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/fs"</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** PASS **</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - module: "freevxfs" doesn't exist in "/lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/fs"</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

References:

  • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7

CIS Controls V7.0:

  • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
    CIS Control Information
    Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
    Subcontrol: 9.2
    Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
    Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
    • >

CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

  • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
    CIS Control Information
    Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
    Safeguard: 4.8
    Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
    Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
    Implementation Group: IG-2
    Security Function: Protect
    • >

Back to Summary
Pass

1.1.1.3 Ensure mounting of jffs2 filesystems is disabled

Description:

The jffs2 (journaling flash filesystem 2) filesystem type is a log-structured filesystem used in flash memory devices.

Removing support for unneeded filesystem types reduces the local attack surface of the system. If this filesystem type is not needed, disable it.

Run the following script to disable the jffs2 module:

If the module is available in the running kernel:

  • Create a file with install jffs2 /bin/false in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory
  • Create a file with blacklist jffs2 in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory
  • Unload jffs2 from the kernel

If available in ANY installed kernel:

  • Create a file with blacklist jffs2 in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory

If the kernel module is not available on the system or pre-compiled into the kernel:

  • No remediation is necessary
#!/usr/bin/env bash



{

l_mname="jffs2" # set module name

l_mtype="fs" # set module type

l_mpath="/lib/modules/**/kernel/$l_mtype"

l_mpname="$(tr '-' '_' <<< "$l_mname")"

l_mndir="$(tr '-' '/' <<< "$l_mname")"



module_loadable_fix()

{

# If the module is currently loadable, add "install {MODULE_NAME} /bin/false" to a file in "/etc/modprobe.d"

l_loadable="$(modprobe -n -v "$l_mname")"

[ "$(wc -l <<< "$l_loadable")" -gt "1" ] && l_loadable="$(grep -P -- "(^\h*install|\b$l_mname)\b" <<< "$l_loadable")"

if ! grep -Pq -- '^\h*install \/bin\/(true|false)' <<< "$l_loadable"; then

echo -e "\n - setting module: \"$l_mname\" to be not loadable"

echo -e "install $l_mname /bin/false" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mpname".conf

fi

}

module_loaded_fix()

{

# If the module is currently loaded, unload the module

if lsmod | grep "$l_mname" > /dev/null 2>&1; then

echo -e "\n - unloading module \"$l_mname\""

modprobe -r "$l_mname"

fi

}

module_deny_fix()

{

# If the module isn't deny listed, denylist the module

if ! modprobe --showconfig | grep -Pq -- "^\h*blacklist\h+$l_mpname\b"; then

echo -e "\n - deny listing \"$l_mname\""

echo -e "blacklist $l_mname" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mpname".conf

fi

}

# Check if the module exists on the system

for l_mdir in $l_mpath; do

if [ -d "$l_mdir/$l_mndir" ] && [ -n "$(ls -A $l_mdir/$l_mndir)" ]; then

echo -e "\n - module: \"$l_mname\" exists in \"$l_mdir\"\n - checking if disabled..."

module_deny_fix

if [ "$l_mdir" = "/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/$l_mtype" ]; then

module_loadable_fix

module_loaded_fix

fi

else

echo -e "\n - module: \"$l_mname\" doesn't exist in \"$l_mdir\"\n"

fi

done

echo -e "\n - remediation of module: \"$l_mname\" complete\n"

}

Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
AND
Script: sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh
Result: Pass
Exit Value: 101
Output:
  • - Audit Result:
  • ** PASS **
  • - module: "jffs2" doesn't exist in "/lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/fs"
No error lines were collected.


Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.3_Ensure_mounting_of_jffs2_filesystems_is_disabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.845Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3994870_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** PASS **</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - module: "jffs2" doesn't exist in "/lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/fs"</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** PASS **</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - module: "jffs2" doesn't exist in "/lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/fs"</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

References:

  • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7

CIS Controls V7.0:

  • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
    CIS Control Information
    Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
    Subcontrol: 9.2
    Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
    Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
    • >

CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

  • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
    CIS Control Information
    Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
    Safeguard: 4.8
    Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
    Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
    Implementation Group: IG-2
    Security Function: Protect
    • >

Back to Summary
Pass

1.1.1.4 Ensure mounting of hfs filesystems is disabled

Description:

The hfs filesystem type is a hierarchical filesystem that allows you to mount Mac OS filesystems.

Removing support for unneeded filesystem types reduces the local attack surface of the system. If this filesystem type is not needed, disable it.

Run the following script to disable the hfs module:

If the module is available in the running kernel:

  • Create a file with install hfs /bin/false in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory
  • Create a file with blacklist hfs in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory
  • Unload hfs from the kernel

If available in ANY installed kernel:

  • Create a file with blacklist hfs in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory

If the kernel module is not available on the system or pre-compiled into the kernel:

  • No remediation is necessary
#!/usr/bin/env bash



{

l_mname="hfs" # set module name

l_mtype="fs" # set module type

l_mpath="/lib/modules/**/kernel/$l_mtype"

l_mpname="$(tr '-' '_' <<< "$l_mname")"

l_mndir="$(tr '-' '/' <<< "$l_mname")"



module_loadable_fix()

{

# If the module is currently loadable, add "install {MODULE_NAME} /bin/false" to a file in "/etc/modprobe.d"

l_loadable="$(modprobe -n -v "$l_mname")"

[ "$(wc -l <<< "$l_loadable")" -gt "1" ] && l_loadable="$(grep -P -- "(^\h*install|\b$l_mname)\b" <<< "$l_loadable")"

if ! grep -Pq -- '^\h*install \/bin\/(true|false)' <<< "$l_loadable"; then

echo -e "\n - setting module: \"$l_mname\" to be not loadable"

echo -e "install $l_mname /bin/false" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mpname".conf

fi

}

module_loaded_fix()

{

# If the module is currently loaded, unload the module

if lsmod | grep "$l_mname" > /dev/null 2>&1; then

echo -e "\n - unloading module \"$l_mname\""

modprobe -r "$l_mname"

fi

}

module_deny_fix()

{

# If the module isn't deny listed, denylist the module

if ! modprobe --showconfig | grep -Pq -- "^\h*blacklist\h+$l_mpname\b"; then

echo -e "\n - deny listing \"$l_mname\""

echo -e "blacklist $l_mname" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mpname".conf

fi

}

# Check if the module exists on the system

for l_mdir in $l_mpath; do

if [ -d "$l_mdir/$l_mndir" ] && [ -n "$(ls -A $l_mdir/$l_mndir)" ]; then

echo -e "\n - module: \"$l_mname\" exists in \"$l_mdir\"\n - checking if disabled..."

module_deny_fix

if [ "$l_mdir" = "/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/$l_mtype" ]; then

module_loadable_fix

module_loaded_fix

fi

else

echo -e "\n - module: \"$l_mname\" doesn't exist in \"$l_mdir\"\n"

fi

done

echo -e "\n - remediation of module: \"$l_mname\" complete\n"

}

Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
AND
Script: sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh
Result: Pass
Exit Value: 101
Output:
  • - Audit Result:
  • ** PASS **
  • - module: "hfs" doesn't exist in "/lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/fs"
No error lines were collected.


Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.4_Ensure_mounting_of_hfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.846Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3994872_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** PASS **</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - module: "hfs" doesn't exist in "/lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/fs"</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** PASS **</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - module: "hfs" doesn't exist in "/lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/fs"</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

References:

  • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7

CIS Controls V7.0:

  • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
    CIS Control Information
    Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
    Subcontrol: 9.2
    Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
    Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
    • >

CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

  • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
    CIS Control Information
    Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
    Safeguard: 4.8
    Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
    Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
    Implementation Group: IG-2
    Security Function: Protect
    • >

Back to Summary
Pass

1.1.1.5 Ensure mounting of hfsplus filesystems is disabled

Description:

The hfsplus filesystem type is a hierarchical filesystem designed to replace hfs that allows you to mount Mac OS filesystems.

Removing support for unneeded filesystem types reduces the local attack surface of the system. If this filesystem type is not needed, disable it.

Run the following script to disable the hfsplus module:

If the module is available in the running kernel:

  • Create a file with install hfsplus /bin/false in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory
  • Create a file with blacklist hfsplus in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory
  • Unload hfsplus from the kernel

If available in ANY installed kernel:

  • Create a file with blacklist hfsplus in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory

If the kernel module is not available on the system or pre-compiled into the kernel:

  • No remediation is necessary
#!/usr/bin/env bash



{

l_mname="hfsplus" # set module name

l_mtype="fs" # set module type

l_mpath="/lib/modules/**/kernel/$l_mtype"

l_mpname="$(tr '-' '_' <<< "$l_mname")"

l_mndir="$(tr '-' '/' <<< "$l_mname")"



module_loadable_fix()

{

# If the module is currently loadable, add "install {MODULE_NAME} /bin/false" to a file in "/etc/modprobe.d"

l_loadable="$(modprobe -n -v "$l_mname")"

[ "$(wc -l <<< "$l_loadable")" -gt "1" ] && l_loadable="$(grep -P -- "(^\h*install|\b$l_mname)\b" <<< "$l_loadable")"

if ! grep -Pq -- '^\h*install \/bin\/(true|false)' <<< "$l_loadable"; then

echo -e "\n - setting module: \"$l_mname\" to be not loadable"

echo -e "install $l_mname /bin/false" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mpname".conf

fi

}

module_loaded_fix()

{

# If the module is currently loaded, unload the module

if lsmod | grep "$l_mname" > /dev/null 2>&1; then

echo -e "\n - unloading module \"$l_mname\""

modprobe -r "$l_mname"

fi

}

module_deny_fix()

{

# If the module isn't deny listed, denylist the module

if ! modprobe --showconfig | grep -Pq -- "^\h*blacklist\h+$l_mpname\b"; then

echo -e "\n - deny listing \"$l_mname\""

echo -e "blacklist $l_mname" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mpname".conf

fi

}

# Check if the module exists on the system

for l_mdir in $l_mpath; do

if [ -d "$l_mdir/$l_mndir" ] && [ -n "$(ls -A $l_mdir/$l_mndir)" ]; then

echo -e "\n - module: \"$l_mname\" exists in \"$l_mdir\"\n - checking if disabled..."

module_deny_fix

if [ "$l_mdir" = "/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/$l_mtype" ]; then

module_loadable_fix

module_loaded_fix

fi

else

echo -e "\n - module: \"$l_mname\" doesn't exist in \"$l_mdir\"\n"

fi

done

echo -e "\n - remediation of module: \"$l_mname\" complete\n"

}

Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
AND
Script: sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh
Result: Pass
Exit Value: 101
Output:
  • - Audit Result:
  • ** PASS **
  • - module: "hfsplus" doesn't exist in "/lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/fs"
No error lines were collected.


Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.5_Ensure_mounting_of_hfsplus_filesystems_is_disabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.848Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3994874_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** PASS **</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - module: "hfsplus" doesn't exist in "/lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/fs"</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** PASS **</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - module: "hfsplus" doesn't exist in "/lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/fs"</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

References:

  • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7

CIS Controls V7.0:

  • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
    CIS Control Information
    Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
    Subcontrol: 9.2
    Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
    Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
    • >

CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

  • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
    CIS Control Information
    Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
    Safeguard: 4.8
    Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
    Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
    Implementation Group: IG-2
    Security Function: Protect
    • >

Back to Summary
Pass

1.1.1.6 Ensure mounting of squashfs filesystems is disabled

Description:

The squashfs filesystem type is a compressed read-only Linux filesystem embedded in small footprint systems. A squashfs image can be used without having to first decompress the image.

Removing support for unneeded filesystem types reduces the local attack surface of the system. If this filesystem type is not needed, disable it.

Run the following script to disable the squashfs module:

If the module is available in the running kernel:

  • Create a file with install squashfs /bin/false in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory
  • Create a file with blacklist squashfs in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory
  • Unload squashfs from the kernel

If available in ANY installed kernel:

  • Create a file with blacklist squashfs in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory

If the kernel module is not available on the system or pre-compiled into the kernel:

  • No remediation is necessary
#!/usr/bin/env bash



{

l_mname="squashfs" # set module name

l_mtype="fs" # set module type

l_mpath="/lib/modules/**/kernel/$l_mtype"

l_mpname="$(tr '-' '_' <<< "$l_mname")"

l_mndir="$(tr '-' '/' <<< "$l_mname")"



module_loadable_fix()

{

# If the module is currently loadable, add "install {MODULE_NAME} /bin/false" to a file in "/etc/modprobe.d"

l_loadable="$(modprobe -n -v "$l_mname")"

[ "$(wc -l <<< "$l_loadable")" -gt "1" ] && l_loadable="$(grep -P -- "(^\h*install|\b$l_mname)\b" <<< "$l_loadable")"

if ! grep -Pq -- '^\h*install \/bin\/(true|false)' <<< "$l_loadable"; then

echo -e "\n - setting module: \"$l_mname\" to be not loadable"

echo -e "install $l_mname /bin/false" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mpname".conf

fi

}

module_loaded_fix()

{

# If the module is currently loaded, unload the module

if lsmod | grep "$l_mname" > /dev/null 2>&1; then

echo -e "\n - unloading module \"$l_mname\""

modprobe -r "$l_mname"

fi

}

module_deny_fix()

{

# If the module isn't deny listed, denylist the module

if ! modprobe --showconfig | grep -Pq -- "^\h*blacklist\h+$l_mpname\b"; then

echo -e "\n - deny listing \"$l_mname\""

echo -e "blacklist $l_mname" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mpname".conf

fi

}

# Check if the module exists on the system

for l_mdir in $l_mpath; do

if [ -d "$l_mdir/$l_mndir" ] && [ -n "$(ls -A $l_mdir/$l_mndir)" ]; then

echo -e "\n - module: \"$l_mname\" exists in \"$l_mdir\"\n - checking if disabled..."

module_deny_fix

if [ "$l_mdir" = "/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/$l_mtype" ]; then

module_loadable_fix

module_loaded_fix

fi

else

echo -e "\n - module: \"$l_mname\" doesn't exist in \"$l_mdir\"\n"

fi

done

echo -e "\n - remediation of module: \"$l_mname\" complete\n"

}

Impact:

As Snap packages utilizes squashfs as a compressed filesystem, disabling squashfs will cause Snap packages to fail.

Snap application packages of software are self-contained and work across a range of Linux distributions. This is unlike traditional Linux package management approaches, like APT or RPM, which require specifically adapted packages per Linux distribution on an application update and delay therefore application deployment from developers to their software's end-user. Snaps themselves have no dependency on any external store ("App store"), can be obtained from any source and can be therefore used for upstream software deployment.

Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
AND
Script: sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh
Result: Pass
Exit Value: 101
Output:
  • - Audit Result:
  • ** PASS **
  • - module: "squashfs" doesn't exist in "/lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/fs"
No error lines were collected.


Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.6_Ensure_mounting_of_squashfs_filesystems_is_disabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.848Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3994876_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** PASS **</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - module: "squashfs" doesn't exist in "/lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/fs"</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** PASS **</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - module: "squashfs" doesn't exist in "/lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/fs"</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

References:

  • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7

CIS Controls V7.0:

  • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
    CIS Control Information
    Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
    Subcontrol: 9.2
    Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
    Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
    • >

CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

  • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
    CIS Control Information
    Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
    Safeguard: 4.8
    Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
    Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
    Implementation Group: IG-2
    Security Function: Protect
    • >

Back to Summary
Fail

1.1.1.7 Ensure mounting of udf filesystems is disabled

Description:

The udf filesystem type is the universal disk format used to implement ISO/IEC 13346 and ECMA-167 specifications. This is an open vendor filesystem type for data storage on a broad range of media. This filesystem type is necessary to support writing DVDs and newer optical disc formats.

Removing support for unneeded filesystem types reduces the local attack surface of the system. If this filesystem type is not needed, disable it.

Run the following script to disable the udf module:

If the module is available in the running kernel:

  • Create a file with install udf /bin/false in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory
  • Create a file with blacklist udf in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory
  • Unload udf from the kernel

If available in ANY installed kernel:

  • Create a file with blacklist udf in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory

If the kernel module is not available on the system or pre-compiled into the kernel:

  • No remediation is necessary
#!/usr/bin/env bash



{

l_mname="udf" # set module name

l_mtype="fs" # set module type

l_mpath="/lib/modules/**/kernel/$l_mtype"

l_mpname="$(tr '-' '_' <<< "$l_mname")"

l_mndir="$(tr '-' '/' <<< "$l_mname")"



module_loadable_fix()

{

# If the module is currently loadable, add "install {MODULE_NAME} /bin/false" to a file in "/etc/modprobe.d"

l_loadable="$(modprobe -n -v "$l_mname")"

[ "$(wc -l <<< "$l_loadable")" -gt "1" ] && l_loadable="$(grep -P -- "(^\h*install|\b$l_mname)\b" <<< "$l_loadable")"

if ! grep -Pq -- '^\h*install \/bin\/(true|false)' <<< "$l_loadable"; then

echo -e "\n - setting module: \"$l_mname\" to be not loadable"

echo -e "install $l_mname /bin/false" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mpname".conf

fi

}

module_loaded_fix()

{

# If the module is currently loaded, unload the module

if lsmod | grep "$l_mname" > /dev/null 2>&1; then

echo -e "\n - unloading module \"$l_mname\""

modprobe -r "$l_mname"

fi

}

module_deny_fix()

{

# If the module isn't deny listed, denylist the module

if ! modprobe --showconfig | grep -Pq -- "^\h*blacklist\h+$l_mpname\b"; then

echo -e "\n - deny listing \"$l_mname\""

echo -e "blacklist $l_mname" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mpname".conf

fi

}

# Check if the module exists on the system

for l_mdir in $l_mpath; do

if [ -d "$l_mdir/$l_mndir" ] && [ -n "$(ls -A $l_mdir/$l_mndir)" ]; then

echo -e "\n - module: \"$l_mname\" exists in \"$l_mdir\"\n - checking if disabled..."

module_deny_fix

if [ "$l_mdir" = "/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/$l_mtype" ]; then

module_loadable_fix

module_loaded_fix

fi

else

echo -e "\n - module: \"$l_mname\" doesn't exist in \"$l_mdir\"\n"

fi

done

echo -e "\n - remediation of module: \"$l_mname\" complete\n"

}

Impact:

Microsoft Azure requires the usage of udf .

udfshould not be disabled on systems run on Microsoft Azure.

Show Assessment Evidence
Complex Check
AND
Script: sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh
Result: Fail
Exit Value: 102
Output:
  • -- INFO --
  • - module: "udf" exists in:
  • - "/lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/fs"
  • - Audit Result:
  • ** FAIL **
  • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
  • - module: "udf" is not deny listed
  • - module: "udf" is loadable: "insmod /lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/fs/udf/udf.ko "
  • - Correctly set:
  • - module: "udf" is not loaded
No error lines were collected.


Show Rule Result XML
<xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.1.7_Ensure_mounting_of_udf_filesystems_is_disabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.848Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3994879_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
                  <l> -- INFO --</l>
                  <l> - module: "udf" exists in:</l>
                  <l>  - "/lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/fs"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - module: "udf" is not deny listed</l>
                  <l> - module: "udf" is loadable: "insmod /lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/fs/udf/udf.ko "</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Correctly set:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - module: "udf" is not loaded</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                              <li> -- INFO --</li>
                              <li> - module: "udf" exists in:</li>
                              <li>  - "/lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/fs"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - module: "udf" is not deny listed</li>
                              <li> - module: "udf" is loadable: "insmod /lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/fs/udf/udf.ko "</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Correctly set:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - module: "udf" is not loaded</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

References:

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
      Subcontrol: 9.2
      Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
      Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
      Safeguard: 4.8
      Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
      Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
      Implementation Group: IG-2
      Security Function: Protect
      • >

    Back to Summary

    1.1.2 Configure /tmp

    The /tmp directory is a world-writable directory used for temporary storage by all users and some applications.

    Fail

    1.1.2.1 Ensure /tmp is a separate partition

    Description:

    The /tmp directory is a world-writable directory used for temporary storage by all users and some applications.

    Making /tmp its own file system allows an administrator to set additional mount options such as the noexec option on the mount, making /tmp useless for an attacker to install executable code. It would also prevent an attacker from establishing a hard link to a system setuid program and wait for it to be updated. Once the program was updated, the hard link would be broken and the attacker would have his own copy of the program. If the program happened to have a security vulnerability, the attacker could continue to exploit the known flaw.

    This can be accomplished by either mounting tmpfs to /tmp , or creating a separate partition for /tmp .

    For specific configuration requirements of the /tmp mount for your environment, modify /etc/fstab or tmp.mount unit file:

    Using /etc/fstab :

    Configure /etc/fstab as appropriate:

    Example:

    tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0

    -OR-

    Using a tmp.mount unit file:

    Run the following command to create the tmp.mount file is the correct location:

    # cp -v /usr/share/systemd/tmp.mount /etc/systemd/system/

    Edit /etc/systemd/system/tmp.mount to configure the /tmp mount:

    Example:

    # SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+

    #

    # This file is part of systemd.

    #

    # systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

    # under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by

    # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or

    # (at your option) any later version.



    [Unit]

    Description=Temporary Directory (/tmp)

    Documentation=https://systemd.io/TEMPORARY_DIRECTORIES

    Documentation=man:file-hierarchy(7)

    Documentation=https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/APIFileSystems

    ConditionPathIsSymbolicLink=!/tmp

    DefaultDependencies=no

    Conflicts=umount.target

    Before=local-fs.target umount.target

    After=swap.target



    [Mount]

    What=tmpfs

    Where=/tmp

    Type=tmpfs

    Options=mode=1777,strictatime,nosuid,nodev,noexec



    [Install]

    WantedBy=local-fs.target

    Run the following command to reload the systemd daemon with the updated tmp.mount unit file:

    # systemctl daemon-reload

    Run the following command to enable and start tmp.mount

    # systemctl --now enable tmp.mount

    Note: A reboot may be required to transition to /tmp mounted to tmpfs

    Impact:

    Since the /tmp directory is intended to be world-writable, there is a risk of resource exhaustion if it is not bound to a separate partition.

    Running out of /tmp space is a problem regardless of what kind of filesystem lies under it, but in a configuration where /tmp is not a separate file system it will essentially have the whole disk available, as the default installation only creates a single / partition. On the other hand, a RAM-based /tmp (as with tmpfs ) will almost certainly be much smaller, which can lead to applications filling up the filesystem much more easily. Another alternative is to create a dedicated partition for /tmp from a separate volume or disk. One of the downsides of a disk-based dedicated partition is that it will be slower than tmpfs which is RAM-based.

    /tmp utilizing tmpfs can be resized using the size={size} parameter in the relevant entry in /etc/fstab .

    Show Assessment Evidence
    Complex Check
    AND
    Criterion: Ensure partition at /tmp and all
    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
    Item Check: All
    Result: Fail
    No matching system items were found.


    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.1_Ensure_tmp_is_a_separate_partition"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.853Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/APIFileSystems/</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd-fstab-generator.html</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994881"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994881">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994881"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure partition at /tmp  and all</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

    • URL: https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/APIFileSystems/
    • URL: https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd-fstab-generator.html
    • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
      Subcontrol: 14.6
      Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
      Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
      Safeguard: 3.3
      Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
      Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
      Implementation Group: IG-1
      Security Function: Protect
      • >

    Back to Summary
    Pass

    1.1.2.2 Ensure nodev option set on /tmp partition

    Description:

    The nodev mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain special devices.

    Since the /tmp filesystem is not intended to support devices, set this option to ensure that users cannot create block or character special devices in /tmp .

    Edit the /etc/fstab file and add nodev to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /tmp partition.

    Example:

    <device> /tmp <fstype> defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0

    Run the following command to remount /tmp with the configured options:

    # mount -o remount /tmp

    Show Assessment Evidence
    Complex Check
    AND
    Criterion: Ensure partition at /tmp may exists and all have at least one partition option equals 'nodev' (string)
    Existence Check: Any Exist
    Item Check: All
    Result: Pass
    No matching system items were found.


    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.2_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.854Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994883"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994883">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994883"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="any_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure partition at /tmp may exists and all have at least one partition option equals 'nodev' (string)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>Any Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

    • URL: See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
    • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
      Subcontrol: 14.6
      Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
      Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
      Safeguard: 3.3
      Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
      Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
      Implementation Group: IG-1
      Security Function: Protect
      • >

    Back to Summary
    Pass

    1.1.2.3 Ensure noexec option set on /tmp partition

    Description:

    The noexec mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain executable binaries.

    Since the /tmp filesystem is only intended for temporary file storage, set this option to ensure that users cannot run executable binaries from /tmp .

    Edit the /etc/fstab file and add noexec to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /tmp partition.

    Example:

    <device> /tmp <fstype> defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0

    Run the following command to remount /tmp with the configured options:

    # mount -o remount /tmp

    Show Assessment Evidence
    Complex Check
    AND
    Criterion: Ensure partition at /tmp may exists{else}exists and all
    Existence Check: Any Exist
    Item Check: All
    Result: Pass
    No matching system items were found.


    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.3_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.855Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994885"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994885">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994885"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="any_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure partition at /tmp may exists{else}exists and all</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>Any Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

    • URL: See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
    • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
      Subcontrol: 14.6
      Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
      Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
      Safeguard: 3.3
      Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
      Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
      Implementation Group: IG-1
      Security Function: Protect
      • >

    Back to Summary
    Pass

    1.1.2.4 Ensure nosuid option set on /tmp partition

    Description:

    The nosuid mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain setuid files.

    Since the /tmp filesystem is only intended for temporary file storage, set this option to ensure that users cannot create setuid files in /tmp .

    Edit the /etc/fstab file and add nosuid to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /tmp partition.

    Example:

    <device> /tmp <fstype> defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0

    Run the following command to remount /tmp with the configured options:

    # mount -o remount /tmp

    Show Assessment Evidence
    Complex Check
    AND
    Criterion: Ensure partition at /tmp may exists and all have at least one partition option equals 'nosuid' (string)
    Existence Check: Any Exist
    Item Check: All
    Result: Pass
    No matching system items were found.


    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.2.4_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_tmp_partition"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.855Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994888"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994888">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994888"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="any_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure partition at /tmp may exists and all have at least one partition option equals 'nosuid' (string)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>Any Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

    • URL: See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
    • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
      Subcontrol: 14.6
      Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
      Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
      Safeguard: 3.3
      Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
      Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
      Implementation Group: IG-1
      Security Function: Protect
      • >

    Back to Summary

    1.1.3 Configure /var

    The /var directory is used by daemons and other system services to temporarily store dynamic data. Some directories created by these processes may be world-writable.

    Fail

    1.1.3.1 Ensure separate partition exists for /var

    Description:

    The /var directory is used by daemons and other system services to temporarily store dynamic data. Some directories created by these processes may be world-writable.

    The reasoning for mounting /var on a separate partition is as follow.

    Protection from resource exhaustion

    The default installation only creates a single / partition. Since the /var directory may contain world-writable files and directories, there is a risk of resource exhaustion. It will essentially have the whole disk available to fill up and impact the system as a whole. In addition, other operations on the system could fill up the disk unrelated to /var and cause unintended behavior across the system as the disk is full. See man auditd.conf for details.

    Fine grained control over the mount

    Configuring /var as its own file system allows an administrator to set additional mount options such as noexec/nosuid/nodev . These options limits an attackers ability to create exploits on the system. Other options allow for specific behaviour. See man mount for exact details regarding filesystem-independent and filesystem-specific options.

    Protection from exploitation

    An example of exploiting /var may be an attacker establishing a hard-link to a system setuid program and wait for it to be updated. Once the program was updated, the hard-link would be broken and the attacker would have his own copy of the program. If the program happened to have a security vulnerability, the attacker could continue to exploit the known flaw.

    For new installations, during installation create a custom partition setup and specify a separate partition for /var .

    For systems that were previously installed, create a new partition and configure /etc/fstab as appropriate.

    Impact:

    Resizing filesystems is a common activity in cloud-hosted servers. Separate filesystem partitions may prevent successful resizing, or may require the installation of additional tools solely for the purpose of resizing operations. The use of these additional tools may introduce their own security considerations.

    Show Assessment Evidence
    Complex Check
    AND
    Criterion: Ensure partition at /var and all
    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
    Item Check: All
    Result: Fail
    No matching system items were found.


    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.3.1_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_var"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.856Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">AJ Lewis, "LVM HOWTO", http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 4: MP-2, AC-3</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994890"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994890">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994890"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure partition at /var  and all</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

    • URL: AJ Lewis, "LVM HOWTO", http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/
    • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 4: MP-2, AC-3

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
      Subcontrol: 14.6
      Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
      Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
      Safeguard: 3.3
      Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
      Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
      Implementation Group: IG-1
      Security Function: Protect
      • >

    Back to Summary
    Pass

    1.1.3.2 Ensure nodev option set on /var partition

    Description:

    The nodev mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain special devices.

    Since the /var filesystem is not intended to support devices, set this option to ensure that users cannot create block or character special devices in /var .

    IF the /var partition exists, edit the /etc/fstab file and add nodev to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /var partition.

    Example:

    <device> /var <fstype> defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime 0 0

    Run the following command to remount /var with the configured options:

    # mount -o remount /var

    Show Assessment Evidence
    Complex Check
    AND
    Criterion: Ensure partition at /var may exists and all have at least one partition option equals 'nodev' (string)
    Existence Check: Any Exist
    Item Check: All
    Result: Pass
    No matching system items were found.


    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.3.2_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_var_partition"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.856Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994892"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994892">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994892"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="any_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure partition at /var may exists and all have at least one partition option equals 'nodev' (string)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>Any Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

    • URL: See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
    • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
      Subcontrol: 14.6
      Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
      Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
      Safeguard: 3.3
      Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
      Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
      Implementation Group: IG-1
      Security Function: Protect
      • >

    Back to Summary
    Pass

    1.1.3.3 Ensure nosuid option set on /var partition

    Description:

    The nosuid mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain setuid files.

    Since the /var filesystem is only intended for variable files such as logs, set this option to ensure that users cannot create setuid files in /var .

    IF the /var partition exists, edit the /etc/fstab file and add nosuid to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /var partition.

    Example:

    <device> /var <fstype> defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime 0 0

    Run the following command to remount /var with the configured options:

    # mount -o remount /var

    Show Assessment Evidence
    Complex Check
    AND
    Criterion: Ensure partition at /var may exists{else}exists and all
    Existence Check: Any Exist
    Item Check: All
    Result: Pass
    No matching system items were found.


    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.3.3_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_var_partition"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.857Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994895"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994895">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994895"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="any_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure partition at /var may exists{else}exists and all</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>Any Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

    • URL: See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
    • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
      Subcontrol: 14.6
      Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
      Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
      Safeguard: 3.3
      Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
      Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
      Implementation Group: IG-1
      Security Function: Protect
      • >

    Back to Summary

    1.1.4 Configure /var/tmp

    The /var/tmp directory is a world-writable directory used for temporary storage by all users and some applications. Temporary files residing in /var/tmp are to be preserved between reboots.

    Fail

    1.1.4.1 Ensure separate partition exists for /var/tmp

    Description:

    The /var/tmp directory is a world-writable directory used for temporary storage by all users and some applications. Temporary files residing in /var/tmp are to be preserved between reboots.

    The reasoning for mounting /var/tmp on a separate partition is as follows.

    Protection from resource exhaustion

    The default installation only creates a single / partition. Since the /var/tmp directory may contain world-writable files and directories, there is a risk of resource exhaustion. It will essentially have the whole disk available to fill up and impact the system as a whole. In addition, other operations on the system could fill up the disk unrelated to /var/tmp and cause the potential disruption to daemons as the disk is full.

    Fine grained control over the mount

    Configuring /var/tmp as its own file system allows an administrator to set additional mount options such as noexec/nosuid/nodev . These options limits an attackers ability to create exploits on the system. Other options allow for specific behavior. See man mount for exact details regarding filesystem-independent and filesystem-specific options.

    Protection from exploitation

    An example of exploiting /var/tmp may be an attacker establishing a hard-link to a system setuid program and wait for it to be updated. Once the program was updated, the hard-link would be broken and the attacker would have his own copy of the program. If the program happened to have a security vulnerability, the attacker could continue to exploit the known flaw.

    For new installations, during installation create a custom partition setup and specify a separate partition for /var/tmp .

    For systems that were previously installed, create a new partition and configure /etc/fstab as appropriate.

    Impact:

    Resizing filesystems is a common activity in cloud-hosted servers. Separate filesystem partitions may prevent successful resizing, or may require the installation of additional tools solely for the purpose of resizing operations. The use of these additional tools may introduce their own security considerations.

    Show Assessment Evidence
    Complex Check
    AND
    Criterion: Ensure partition at /var/tmp and all
    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
    Item Check: All
    Result: Fail
    No matching system items were found.


    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.4.1_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_vartmp"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.857Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">AJ Lewis, "LVM HOWTO", http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994898"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994898">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994898"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure partition at /var/tmp  and all</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

    • URL: AJ Lewis, "LVM HOWTO", http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/
    • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
      Subcontrol: 14.6
      Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
      Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
      Safeguard: 3.3
      Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
      Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
      Implementation Group: IG-1
      Security Function: Protect
      • >

    Back to Summary
    Pass

    1.1.4.2 Ensure nodev option set on /var/tmp partition

    Description:

    The nodev mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain special devices.

    Since the /var/tmp filesystem is not intended to support devices, set this option to ensure that users cannot create block or character special devices in /var/tmp .

    IF the /var/tmp partition exists, edit the /etc/fstab file and add nodev to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /var/tmp partition.

    Example:

    <device> /var/tmp <fstype> defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0

    Run the following command to remount /var/tmp with the configured options:

    # mount -o remount /var/tmp

    Show Assessment Evidence
    Complex Check
    AND
    Criterion: Ensure partition at /var/tmp may exists{else}exists and all
    Existence Check: Any Exist
    Item Check: All
    Result: Pass
    No matching system items were found.


    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.4.2_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_vartmp_partition"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.858Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994900"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994900">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994900"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="any_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure partition at /var/tmp may exists{else}exists and all</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>Any Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

    • URL: See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
    • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
      Subcontrol: 14.6
      Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
      Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
      Safeguard: 3.3
      Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
      Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
      Implementation Group: IG-1
      Security Function: Protect
      • >

    Back to Summary
    Pass

    1.1.4.3 Ensure noexec option set on /var/tmp partition

    Description:

    The noexec mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain executable binaries.

    Since the /var/tmp filesystem is only intended for temporary file storage, set this option to ensure that users cannot run executable binaries from /var/tmp .

    IF the /var/tmp partition exists, edit the /etc/fstab file and add noexec to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /var/tmp partition.

    Example:

    <device> /var/tmp <fstype> defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0

    Run the following command to remount /var/tmp with the configured options:

    # mount -o remount /var/tmp

    Show Assessment Evidence
    Complex Check
    AND
    Criterion: Ensure partition at /var/tmp may exists{else}exists and all
    Existence Check: Any Exist
    Item Check: All
    Result: Pass
    No matching system items were found.


    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.4.3_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_vartmp_partition"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.858Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994902"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994902">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994902"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="any_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure partition at /var/tmp may exists{else}exists and all</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>Any Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

    • URL: See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
    • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
      Subcontrol: 14.6
      Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
      Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
      Safeguard: 3.3
      Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
      Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
      Implementation Group: IG-1
      Security Function: Protect
      • >

    Back to Summary
    Pass

    1.1.4.4 Ensure nosuid option set on /var/tmp partition

    Description:

    The nosuid mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain setuid files.

    Since the /var/tmp filesystem is only intended for temporary file storage, set this option to ensure that users cannot create setuid files in /var/tmp .

    IF the /var/tmp partition exists, edit the /etc/fstab file and add nosuid to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /var/tmp partition.

    Example:

    <device> /var/tmp <fstype> defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0

    Run the following command to remount /var/tmp with the configured options:

    # mount -o remount /var/tmp

    Show Assessment Evidence
    Complex Check
    AND
    Criterion: Ensure partition at /var/tmp may exists{else}exists and all
    Existence Check: Any Exist
    Item Check: All
    Result: Pass
    No matching system items were found.


    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.4.4_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_vartmp_partition"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.858Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994905"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994905">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994905"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="any_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure partition at /var/tmp may exists{else}exists and all</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>Any Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

    • URL: See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
    • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
      Subcontrol: 14.6
      Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
      Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
      Safeguard: 3.3
      Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
      Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
      Implementation Group: IG-1
      Security Function: Protect
      • >

    Back to Summary

    1.1.5 Configure /var/log

    The /var/log directory is used by system services to store log data.

    Fail

    1.1.5.1 Ensure separate partition exists for /var/log

    Description:

    The /var/log directory is used by system services to store log data.

    The reasoning for mounting /var/log on a separate partition is as follows.

    Protection from resource exhaustion

    The default installation only creates a single / partition. Since the /var/log directory contains log files which can grow quite large, there is a risk of resource exhaustion. It will essentially have the whole disk available to fill up and impact the system as a whole.

    Fine grained control over the mount

    Configuring /var/log as its own file system allows an administrator to set additional mount options such as noexec/nosuid/nodev . These options limits an attackers ability to create exploits on the system. Other options allow for specific behavior. See man mount for exact details regarding filesystem-independent and filesystem-specific options.

    Protection of log data

    As /var/log contains log files, care should be taken to ensure the security and integrity of the data and mount point.

    For new installations, during installation create a custom partition setup and specify a separate partition for /var/log .

    For systems that were previously installed, create a new partition and configure /etc/fstab as appropriate.

    Impact:

    Resizing filesystems is a common activity in cloud-hosted servers. Separate filesystem partitions may prevent successful resizing, or may require the installation of additional tools solely for the purpose of resizing operations. The use of these additional tools may introduce their own security considerations.

    Show Assessment Evidence
    Complex Check
    AND
    Criterion: Ensure partition at /var/log and all
    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
    Item Check: All
    Result: Fail
    No matching system items were found.


    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.5.1_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_varlog"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.859Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">AJ Lewis, "LVM HOWTO", http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-8</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994907"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994907">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994907"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure partition at /var/log  and all</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

    • URL: AJ Lewis, "LVM HOWTO", http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/
    • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-8

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
      Subcontrol: 6.4
      Label: Ensure adequate storage for logs
      Description: Ensure that all systems that store logs have adequate storage space for the logs generated.
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
      Safeguard: 8.3
      Label: Ensure Adequate Audit Log Storage
      Description: Ensure that logging destinations maintain adequate storage to comply with the enterprise's audit log management process.
      Implementation Group: IG-1
      Security Function: Protect
      • >

    Back to Summary
    Pass

    1.1.5.2 Ensure nodev option set on /var/log partition

    Description:

    The nodev mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain special devices.

    Since the /var/log filesystem is not intended to support devices, set this option to ensure that users cannot create block or character special devices in /var/log .

    IF the /var/log partition exists, edit the /etc/fstab file and add nodev to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /var/log partition.

    Example:

    <device> /var/log <fstype> defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0

    Run the following command to remount /var/log with the configured options:

    # mount -o remount /var/log

    Show Assessment Evidence
    Complex Check
    AND
    Criterion: Ensure partition at /var/log may exists and all have at least one partition option equals 'nodev' (string)
    Existence Check: Any Exist
    Item Check: All
    Result: Pass
    No matching system items were found.


    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.5.2_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_varlog_partition"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.859Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994909"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994909">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994909"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="any_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure partition at /var/log may exists and all have at least one partition option equals 'nodev' (string)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>Any Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

    • URL: See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
    • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
      Subcontrol: 14.6
      Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
      Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
      Safeguard: 3.3
      Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
      Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
      Implementation Group: IG-1
      Security Function: Protect
      • >

    Back to Summary
    Pass

    1.1.5.3 Ensure noexec option set on /var/log partition

    Description:

    The noexec mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain executable binaries.

    Since the /var/log filesystem is only intended for log files, set this option to ensure that users cannot run executable binaries from /var/log .

    IF the /var/log partition exists, edit the /etc/fstab file and add noexec to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /var/log partition.

    Example:

    <device> /var/log <fstype> defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0

    Run the following command to remount /var/log with the configured options:

    # mount -o remount /var/log

    Show Assessment Evidence
    Complex Check
    AND
    Criterion: Ensure partition at /var/log may exists{else}exists and all
    Existence Check: Any Exist
    Item Check: All
    Result: Pass
    No matching system items were found.


    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.5.3_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_varlog_partition"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.859Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994912"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994912">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994912"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="any_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure partition at /var/log may exists{else}exists and all</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>Any Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

    • URL: See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
    • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
      Subcontrol: 14.6
      Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
      Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
      Safeguard: 3.3
      Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
      Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
      Implementation Group: IG-1
      Security Function: Protect
      • >

    Back to Summary
    Pass

    1.1.5.4 Ensure nosuid option set on /var/log partition

    Description:

    The nosuid mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain setuid files.

    Since the /var/log filesystem is only intended for log files, set this option to ensure that users cannot create setuid files in /var/log .

    IF the /var/log partition exists, edit the /etc/fstab file and add nosuid to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /var/log partition.

    Example:

    <device> /var/log <fstype> defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0

    Run the following command to remount /var/log with the configured options:

    # mount -o remount /var/log

    Show Assessment Evidence
    Complex Check
    AND
    Criterion: Ensure partition at /var/log may exists{else}exists and all
    Existence Check: Any Exist
    Item Check: All
    Result: Pass
    No matching system items were found.


    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.5.4_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_varlog_partition"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.859Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994916"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994916">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994916"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="any_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure partition at /var/log may exists{else}exists and all</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>Any Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

    • URL: See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
    • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
      Subcontrol: 14.6
      Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
      Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
      Safeguard: 3.3
      Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
      Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
      Implementation Group: IG-1
      Security Function: Protect
      • >

    Back to Summary

    1.1.6 Configure /var/log/audit

    The auditing daemon, auditd , stores log data in the /var/log/audit directory.

    Fail

    1.1.6.1 Ensure separate partition exists for /var/log/audit

    Description:

    The auditing daemon, auditd , stores log data in the /var/log/audit directory.

    The reasoning for mounting /var/log/audit on a separate partition is as follows.

    Protection from resource exhaustion

    The default installation only creates a single / partition. Since the /var/log/audit directory contains the audit.log file which can grow quite large, there is a risk of resource exhaustion. It will essentially have the whole disk available to fill up and impact the system as a whole. In addition, other operations on the system could fill up the disk unrelated to /var/log/audit and cause auditd to trigger it's space_left_action as the disk is full. See man auditd.conf for details.

    Fine grained control over the mount

    Configuring /var/log/audit as its own file system allows an administrator to set additional mount options such as noexec/nosuid/nodev . These options limits an attackers ability to create exploits on the system. Other options allow for specific behavior. See man mount for exact details regarding filesystem-independent and filesystem-specific options.

    Protection of audit data

    As /var/log/audit contains audit logs, care should be taken to ensure the security and integrity of the data and mount point.

    For new installations, during installation create a custom partition setup and specify a separate partition for /var/log/audit .

    For systems that were previously installed, create a new partition and configure /etc/fstab as appropriate.

    Impact:

    Resizing filesystems is a common activity in cloud-hosted servers. Separate filesystem partitions may prevent successful resizing, or may require the installation of additional tools solely for the purpose of resizing operations. The use of these additional tools may introduce their own security considerations.

    Show Assessment Evidence
    Complex Check
    AND
    Criterion: Ensure partition at and all
    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
    Item Check: All
    Result: Fail
    No matching system items were found.


    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.6.1_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_varlogaudit"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.859Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">AJ Lewis, "LVM HOWTO", http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-8</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994919"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994919">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994919"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure partition at   and all</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

    • URL: AJ Lewis, "LVM HOWTO", http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/
    • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-8

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
      Subcontrol: 6.4
      Label: Ensure adequate storage for logs
      Description: Ensure that all systems that store logs have adequate storage space for the logs generated.
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
      Safeguard: 8.3
      Label: Ensure Adequate Audit Log Storage
      Description: Ensure that logging destinations maintain adequate storage to comply with the enterprise's audit log management process.
      Implementation Group: IG-1
      Security Function: Protect
      • >

    Back to Summary
    Pass

    1.1.6.2 Ensure nodev option set on /var/log/audit partition

    Description:

    The nodev mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain special devices.

    Since the /var/log/audit filesystem is not intended to support devices, set this option to ensure that users cannot create block or character special devices in /var/log/audit .

    IF the /var/log/audit partition exists, edit the /etc/fstab file and add nodev to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /var/log/audit partition.

    Example:

    <device> /var/log/audit <fstype> defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0

    Run the following command to remount /var/log/audit with the configured options:

    # mount -o remount /var/log/audit

    Show Assessment Evidence
    Complex Check
    AND
    Criterion: Ensure partition at /var/log/audit may exists and all have at least one partition option equals 'nodev' (string)
    Existence Check: Any Exist
    Item Check: All
    Result: Pass
    No matching system items were found.


    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.6.2_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_varlogaudit_partition"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.859Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994922"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994922">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994922"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="any_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure partition at /var/log/audit may exists and all have at least one partition option equals 'nodev' (string)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>Any Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

    • URL: See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
    • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
      Subcontrol: 14.6
      Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
      Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
      Safeguard: 3.3
      Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
      Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
      Implementation Group: IG-1
      Security Function: Protect
      • >

    Back to Summary
    Pass

    1.1.6.3 Ensure noexec option set on /var/log/audit partition

    Description:

    The noexec mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain executable binaries.

    Since the /var/log/audit filesystem is only intended for audit logs, set this option to ensure that users cannot run executable binaries from /var/log/audit .

    IF the /var/log/audit partition exists, edit the /etc/fstab file and add noexec to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /var partition.

    Example:

    <device> /var/log/audit <fstype> defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0

    Run the following command to remount /var/log/audit with the configured options:

    # mount -o remount /var/log/audit

    Show Assessment Evidence
    Complex Check
    AND
    Criterion: Ensure partition at /var/log/audit may exists{else}exists and all
    Existence Check: Any Exist
    Item Check: All
    Result: Pass
    No matching system items were found.


    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.6.3_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_varlogaudit_partition"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.860Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-11</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994925"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994925">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994925"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="any_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure partition at /var/log/audit may exists{else}exists and all</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>Any Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

    • URL: See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
    • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-11

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
      Subcontrol: 14.6
      Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
      Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
      Safeguard: 3.3
      Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
      Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
      Implementation Group: IG-1
      Security Function: Protect
      • >

    Back to Summary
    Pass

    1.1.6.4 Ensure nosuid option set on /var/log/audit partition

    Description:

    The nosuid mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain setuid files.

    Since the /var/log/audit filesystem is only intended for variable files such as logs, set this option to ensure that users cannot create setuid files in /var/log/audit .

    IF the /var/log/audit partition exists, edit the /etc/fstab file and add nosuid to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /var/log/audit partition.

    Example:

    <device> /var/log/audit <fstype> defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0

    Run the following command to remount /var/log/audit with the configured options:

    # mount -o remount /var/log/audit

    Show Assessment Evidence
    Complex Check
    AND
    Criterion: Ensure partition at /var/log/audit may exists{else}exists and all
    Existence Check: Any Exist
    Item Check: All
    Result: Pass
    No matching system items were found.


    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.6.4_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_varlogaudit_partition"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.860Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994929"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994929">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994929"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="any_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure partition at /var/log/audit may exists{else}exists and all</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>Any Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

    • URL: See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
    • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
      Subcontrol: 14.6
      Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
      Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
      Safeguard: 3.3
      Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
      Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
      Implementation Group: IG-1
      Security Function: Protect
      • >

    Back to Summary

    1.1.7 Configure /home

    Please note that home directories could be mounted anywhere and are not necessarily restricted to /home nor restricted to a single location, nor is the name restricted in any way.

    Checks can be made by looking in /etc/passwd , looking over the mounted file systems with mount or querying the relevant database with getent .

    Fail

    1.1.7.1 Ensure separate partition exists for /home

    Description:

    The /home directory is used to support disk storage needs of local users.

    The reasoning for mounting /home on a separate partition is as follows.

    Protection from resource exhaustion

    The default installation only creates a single / partition. Since the /home directory contains user generated data, there is a risk of resource exhaustion. It will essentially have the whole disk available to fill up and impact the system as a whole. In addition, other operations on the system could fill up the disk unrelated to /home and impact all local users.

    Fine grained control over the mount

    Configuring /home as its own file system allows an administrator to set additional mount options such as noexec/nosuid/nodev . These options limits an attackers ability to create exploits on the system. In the case of /home options such as usrquota/grpquota may be considered to limit the impact that users can have on each other with regards to disk resource exhaustion. Other options allow for specific behavior. See man mount for exact details regarding filesystem-independent and filesystem-specific options.

    Protection of user data

    As /home contains user data, care should be taken to ensure the security and integrity of the data and mount point.

    For new installations, during installation create a custom partition setup and specify a separate partition for /home .

    For systems that were previously installed, create a new partition and configure /etc/fstab as appropriate.

    Impact:

    Resizing filesystems is a common activity in cloud-hosted servers. Separate filesystem partitions may prevent successful resizing, or may require the installation of additional tools solely for the purpose of resizing operations. The use of these additional tools may introduce their own security considerations.

    Show Assessment Evidence
    Complex Check
    AND
    Criterion: Ensure partition at /home and all
    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
    Item Check: All
    Result: Fail
    No matching system items were found.


    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.7.1_Ensure_separate_partition_exists_for_home"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.860Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">AJ Lewis, "LVM HOWTO", http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994933"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994933">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994933"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure partition at /home  and all</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

    • URL: AJ Lewis, "LVM HOWTO", http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/
    • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: MP-2

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
      Subcontrol: 14.6
      Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
      Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
      Safeguard: 3.3
      Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
      Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
      Implementation Group: IG-1
      Security Function: Protect
      • >

    Back to Summary
    Pass

    1.1.7.2 Ensure nodev option set on /home partition

    Description:

    The nodev mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain special devices.

    Since the /home filesystem is not intended to support devices, set this option to ensure that users cannot create block or character special devices in /home .

    IF the /home partition exists, edit the /etc/fstab file and add nodev to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /home partition.

    Example:

    <device> /home <fstype> defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime 0 0

    Run the following command to remount /home with the configured options:

    # mount -o remount /home

    Show Assessment Evidence
    Complex Check
    AND
    Criterion: Ensure partition at /home may exists{else}exists and all
    Existence Check: Any Exist
    Item Check: All
    Result: Pass
    No matching system items were found.


    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.7.2_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_home_partition"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.860Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994935"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994935">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994935"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="any_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure partition at /home may exists{else}exists and all</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>Any Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

    • URL: See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
    • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
      Subcontrol: 14.6
      Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
      Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
      Safeguard: 3.3
      Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
      Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
      Implementation Group: IG-1
      Security Function: Protect
      • >

    Back to Summary
    Pass

    1.1.7.3 Ensure nosuid option set on /home partition

    Description:

    The nosuid mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain setuid files.

    Since the /home filesystem is only intended for user file storage, set this option to ensure that users cannot create setuid files in /home .

    IF the /home partition exists, edit the /etc/fstab file and add nosuid to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /home partition.

    Example:

    <device> /home <fstype> defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime 0 0

    Run the following command to remount /home with the configured options:

    # mount -o remount /home

    Show Assessment Evidence
    Complex Check
    AND
    Criterion: Ensure partition at /home may exists and all have at least one partition option equals 'nosuid' (string)
    Existence Check: Any Exist
    Item Check: All
    Result: Pass
    No matching system items were found.


    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.7.3_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_home_partition"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.860Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994939"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994939">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994939"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="any_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure partition at /home may exists and all have at least one partition option equals 'nosuid' (string)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>Any Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

    • URL: See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
    • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
      Subcontrol: 14.6
      Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
      Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
      Safeguard: 3.3
      Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
      Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
      Implementation Group: IG-1
      Security Function: Protect
      • >

    Back to Summary

    1.1.8 Configure /dev/shm

    Pass

    1.1.8.1 Ensure nodev option set on /dev/shm partition

    Description:

    The nodev mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain special devices.

    Since the /dev/shm filesystem is not intended to support devices, set this option to ensure that users cannot attempt to create special devices in /dev/shm partitions.

    Edit the /etc/fstab file and add nodev to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /dev/shm partition. See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.

    Example:

    tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0

    Run the following command to remount /dev/shm with the configured options:

    # mount -o remount /dev/shm

    NOTE It is recommended to use tmpfs as the device/filesystem type as /dev/shm is used as shared memory space by applications.

    Show Assessment Evidence
    Complex Check
    AND
    Criterion: Ensure partition at /dev/shm may exists{else}exists and all
    Existence Check: Any Exist
    Item Check: All
    Result: Pass
    Partition Item
    Name Type Status Value
    Mount Point String Exists /dev/shm
    Device String Exists tmpfs
    Uuid String Does not exist No Value
    Fs Type String Exists tmpfs
    Mount Options String Exists rw
    Mount Options String Exists nosuid
    Mount Options String Exists nodev
    Total Space Int Exists 253867
    Space Used Int Exists 0
    Space Left Int Exists 253867


    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.8.1_Ensure_nodev_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.860Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994943"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994943">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994943"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="any_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure partition at /dev/shm may exists{else}exists and all</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>Any Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Partition Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Mount Point</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/dev/shm</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Device</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>tmpfs</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uuid</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Does not exist</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Fs Type</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>tmpfs</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>rw</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>nosuid</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>nodev</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Total Space</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>253867</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Space Used</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Space Left</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>253867</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

    • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
      Subcontrol: 14.6
      Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
      Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
      Safeguard: 3.3
      Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
      Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
      Implementation Group: IG-1
      Security Function: Protect
      • >

    Back to Summary
    Fail

    1.1.8.2 Ensure noexec option set on /dev/shm partition

    Description:

    The noexec mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain executable binaries.

    Setting this option on a file system prevents users from executing programs from shared memory. This deters users from introducing potentially malicious software on the system.

    Edit the /etc/fstab file and add noexec to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /dev/shm partition.

    Example:

    tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0

    Run the following command to remount /dev/shm with the configured options:

    # mount -o remount /dev/shm

    Note: It is recommended to use tmpfs as the device/filesystem type as /dev/shm is used as shared memory space by applications.

    Show Assessment Evidence
    Complex Check
    AND
    Criterion: Ensure partition at /dev/shm may exists{else}exists and all
    Existence Check: Any Exist
    Item Check: All
    Result: Fail
    Partition Item
    Name Type Status Value
    Mount Point String Exists /dev/shm
    Device String Exists tmpfs
    Uuid String Does not exist No Value
    Fs Type String Exists tmpfs
    Mount Options String Exists rw
    Mount Options String Exists nosuid
    Mount Options String Exists nodev
    Total Space Int Exists 253867
    Space Used Int Exists 0
    Space Left Int Exists 253867


    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.8.2_Ensure_noexec_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.861Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994946"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994946">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994946"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="any_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure partition at /dev/shm may exists{else}exists and all</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>Any Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Partition Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Mount Point</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/dev/shm</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Device</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>tmpfs</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uuid</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Does not exist</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Fs Type</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>tmpfs</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>rw</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>nosuid</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>nodev</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Total Space</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>253867</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Space Used</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Space Left</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>253867</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

    • URL: See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.
    • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
      Subcontrol: 14.6
      Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
      Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
      Safeguard: 3.3
      Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
      Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
      Implementation Group: IG-1
      Security Function: Protect
      • >

    Back to Summary
    Pass

    1.1.8.3 Ensure nosuid option set on /dev/shm partition

    Description:

    The nosuid mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain setuid files.

    Setting this option on a file system prevents users from introducing privileged programs onto the system and allowing non-root users to execute them.

    Edit the /etc/fstab file and add nosuid to the fourth field (mounting options) for the /dev/shm partition. See the fstab(5) manual page for more information.

    Example:

    tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime 0 0

    Run the following command to remount /dev/shm with the configured options:

    # mount -o remount /dev/shm

    Note: It is recommended to use tmpfs as the device/filesystem type as /dev/shm is used as shared memory space by applications.

    Show Assessment Evidence
    Complex Check
    AND
    Criterion: Ensure partition at /dev/shm may exists{else}exists and all
    Existence Check: Any Exist
    Item Check: All
    Result: Pass
    Partition Item
    Name Type Status Value
    Mount Point String Exists /dev/shm
    Device String Exists tmpfs
    Uuid String Does not exist No Value
    Fs Type String Exists tmpfs
    Mount Options String Exists rw
    Mount Options String Exists nosuid
    Mount Options String Exists nodev
    Total Space Int Exists 253867
    Space Used Int Exists 0
    Space Left Int Exists 253867


    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.8.3_Ensure_nosuid_option_set_on_devshm_partition"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.862Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994949"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994949">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994949"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="any_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure partition at /dev/shm may exists{else}exists and all</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>Any Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Partition Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Mount Point</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/dev/shm</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Device</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>tmpfs</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uuid</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Does not exist</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Fs Type</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>tmpfs</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>rw</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>nosuid</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Mount Options</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>nodev</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Total Space</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>253867</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Space Used</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Space Left</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>253867</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

    • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
      Subcontrol: 14.6
      Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
      Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
      Safeguard: 3.3
      Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
      Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
      Implementation Group: IG-1
      Security Function: Protect
      • >

    Back to Summary
    Pass

    1.1.9 Disable Automounting

    Description:

    autofs allows automatic mounting of devices, typically including CD/DVDs and USB drives.

    With automounting enabled anyone with physical access could attach a USB drive or disc and have its contents available in the filesystem even if they lacked permissions to mount it themselves.

    If there are no other packages that depends on autofs , remove the package with:

    # apt purge autofs

    -OR- if there are dependencies on the autofs package:

    Run the following commands to mask autofs :

    # systemctl stop autofs

    # systemctl mask autofs

    Impact:

    The use of portable hard drives is very common for workstation users. If your organization allows the use of portable storage or media on workstations and physical access controls to workstations are considered adequate there is little value add in turning off automounting.

    Show Assessment Evidence
    Complex Check
    OR
    Criterion: Ensure systemd 'autofs.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'
    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
    Item Check: All
    Result: Pass
    Systemdunitproperty Item
    Name Type Status Value
    Unit String Exists autofs.service
    Property String Exists UnitFileState
    Value String Exists No Value
    Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'autofs' is not installed
    Existence Check: None Exist
    Item Check: All
    Result: Pass
    No matching system items were found.


    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.9_Disable_Automounting"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.863Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/10/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-3, MP-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:3994953"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3994953_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994953"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994953">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994953"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure systemd 'autofs.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Unit</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>autofs.service</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Property</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>UnitFileState</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Value</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994956"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994956">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994956"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'autofs' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

    • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-3, MP-7

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 8: Malware Defenses: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Control the installation, spread, and execution of malicious code at multiple points in the enterprise, while optimizing the use of automation to enable rapid updating of defense, data gathering, and corrective action.
      Subcontrol: 8.5
      Label: Configure Devices Not To Auto-Run Content
      Description: Configure devices to not auto-run content from removable media.
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 10: Malware Defenses: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Prevent or control the installation, spread, and execution of malicious applications, code, or scripts on enterprise assets.
      Safeguard: 10.3
      Label: Disable Autorun and Autoplay for Removable Media
      Description: Disable autorun and autoplay auto-execute functionality for removable media.
      Implementation Group: IG-1
      Security Function: Protect
      • >

    Back to Summary
    Fail

    1.1.10 Disable USB Storage

    Description:

    USB storage provides a means to transfer and store files insuring persistence and availability of the files independent of network connection status. Its popularity and utility has led to USB-based malware being a simple and common means for network infiltration and a first step to establishing a persistent threat within a networked environment.

    Restricting USB access on the system will decrease the physical attack surface for a device and diminish the possible vectors to introduce malware.

    Run the following script to disable the cramfs module:

    If the module is available in the running kernel:

    • Create a file with install usb-storage /bin/false in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory
    • Create a file with blacklist usb-storage in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory
    • Unload usb-storage from the kernel

    If available in ANY installed kernel:

    • Create a file with blacklist usb-storage in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory

    If the kernel module is not available on the system:

    • No remediation is necessary
    #!/usr/bin/env bash



    {

    l_mname="usb-storage" # set module name

    l_mtype="drivers" # set module type

    l_mpath="/lib/modules/**/kernel/$l_mtype"

    l_mpname="$(tr '-' '_' <<< "$l_mname")"

    l_mndir="$(tr '-' '/' <<< "$l_mname")"



    module_loadable_fix()

    {

    # If the module is currently loadable, add "install {MODULE_NAME} /bin/false" to a file in "/etc/modprobe.d"

    l_loadable="$(modprobe -n -v "$l_mname")"

    [ "$(wc -l <<< "$l_loadable")" -gt "1" ] && l_loadable="$(grep -P -- "(^\h*install|\b$l_mname)\b" <<< "$l_loadable")"

    if ! grep -Pq -- '^\h*install \/bin\/(true|false)' <<< "$l_loadable"; then

    echo -e "\n - setting module: \"$l_mname\" to be not loadable"

    echo -e "install $l_mname /bin/false" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mpname".conf

    fi

    }

    module_loaded_fix()

    {

    # If the module is currently loaded, unload the module

    if lsmod | grep "$l_mname" > /dev/null 2>&1; then

    echo -e "\n - unloading module \"$l_mname\""

    modprobe -r "$l_mname"

    fi

    }

    module_deny_fix()

    {

    # If the module isn't deny listed, denylist the module

    if ! modprobe --showconfig | grep -Pq -- "^\h*blacklist\h+$l_mpname\b"; then

    echo -e "\n - deny listing \"$l_mname\""

    echo -e "blacklist $l_mname" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mpname".conf

    fi

    }

    # Check if the module exists on the system

    for l_mdir in $l_mpath; do

    if [ -d "$l_mdir/$l_mndir" ] && [ -n "$(ls -A $l_mdir/$l_mndir)" ]; then

    echo -e "\n - module: \"$l_mname\" exists in \"$l_mdir\"\n - checking if disabled..."

    module_deny_fix

    if [ "$l_mdir" = "/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/$l_mtype" ]; then

    module_loadable_fix

    module_loaded_fix

    fi

    else

    echo -e "\n - module: \"$l_mname\" doesn't exist in \"$l_mdir\"\n"

    fi

    done

    echo -e "\n - remediation of module: \"$l_mname\" complete\n"

    }

    Impact:

    Disabling the usb-storage module will disable any usage of USB storage devices.

    If requirements and local site policy allow the use of such devices, other solutions should be configured accordingly instead. One example of a commonly used solution is USBGuard .

    Show Assessment Evidence
    Complex Check
    AND
    Script: sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh
    Result: Fail
    Exit Value: 102
    Output:
    • -- INFO --
    • - module: "usb-storage" exists in:
    • - "/lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/drivers"
    • - Audit Result:
    • ** FAIL **
    • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
    • - module: "usb-storage" is not deny listed
    • - module: "usb-storage" is loadable: "insmod /lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/drivers/usb/storage/usb-storage.ko "
    • - Correctly set:
    • - module: "usb-storage" is not loaded
    No error lines were collected.


    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.1.10_Disable_USB_Storage"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.863Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/10/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/13/subcontrol/7"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-3</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3994958_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
                  <l> -- INFO --</l>
                  <l> - module: "usb-storage" exists in:</l>
                  <l>  - "/lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/drivers"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - module: "usb-storage" is not deny listed</l>
                  <l> - module: "usb-storage" is loadable: "insmod /lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/drivers/usb/storage/usb-storage.ko "</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Correctly set:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - module: "usb-storage" is not loaded</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                              <li> -- INFO --</li>
                              <li> - module: "usb-storage" exists in:</li>
                              <li>  - "/lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/drivers"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - module: "usb-storage" is not deny listed</li>
                              <li> - module: "usb-storage" is loadable: "insmod /lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/drivers/usb/storage/usb-storage.ko "</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Correctly set:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - module: "usb-storage" is not loaded</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

    • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-3

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 8: Malware Defenses: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Control the installation, spread, and execution of malicious code at multiple points in the enterprise, while optimizing the use of automation to enable rapid updating of defense, data gathering, and corrective action.
      Subcontrol: 8.5
      Label: Configure Devices Not To Auto-Run Content
      Description: Configure devices to not auto-run content from removable media.
    • Control 13: Data Protection: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: The processes and tools used to prevent data exfiltration, mitigate the effects of exfiltrated data, and ensure the privacy and integrity of sensitive information.
      Subcontrol: 13.7
      Label: Manage USB Devices
      Description: If USB storage devices are required, enterprise software should be used that can configure systems to allow the use of specific devices. An inventory of such devices should be maintained.
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 10: Malware Defenses: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Prevent or control the installation, spread, and execution of malicious applications, code, or scripts on enterprise assets.
      Safeguard: 10.3
      Label: Disable Autorun and Autoplay for Removable Media
      Description: Disable autorun and autoplay auto-execute functionality for removable media.
      Implementation Group: IG-1
      Security Function: Protect
      • >

    Back to Summary

    1.2 Filesystem Integrity Checking

    AIDE is a file integrity checking tool, similar in nature to Tripwire. While it cannot prevent intrusions, it can detect unauthorized changes to configuration files by alerting when the files are changed. When setting up AIDE, decide internally what the site policy will be concerning integrity checking. Review the AIDE quick start guide and AIDE documentation before proceeding.

    Fail

    1.2.1 Ensure AIDE is installed

    Description:

    AIDE takes a snapshot of filesystem state including modification times, permissions, and file hashes which can then be used to compare against the current state of the filesystem to detect modifications to the system.

    By monitoring the filesystem state compromised files can be detected to prevent or limit the exposure of accidental or malicious misconfigurations or modified binaries.

    Install AIDE using the appropriate package manager or manual installation:

    # apt install aide aide-common

    Configure AIDE as appropriate for your environment. Consult the AIDE documentation for options.

    Run the following commands to initialize AIDE:

    # aideinit

    # mv /var/lib/aide/aide.db.new /var/lib/aide/aide.db

    Show Assessment Evidence
    Complex Check
    AND
    Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'aide' is installed
    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
    Item Check: All
    Result: Fail
    No matching system items were found.
    Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'aide-common' is installed
    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
    Item Check: All
    Result: Fail
    No matching system items were found.


    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.2.1_Ensure_AIDE_is_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.863Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/9"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/14"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994962"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994962">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994962"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'aide' is installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994964"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994964">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994964"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'aide-common' is installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

    • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
      Subcontrol: 14.9
      Label: Enforce Detail Logging for Access or Changes to Sensitive Data
      Description: Enforce detailed audit logging for access to sensitive data or changes to sensitive data (utilizing tools such as File Integrity Monitoring or Security Information and Event Monitoring).
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
      Safeguard: 3.14
      Label: Log Sensitive Data Access
      Description: Log sensitive data access, including modification and disposal.
      Implementation Group: IG-3
      Security Function: Detect
      • >

    Back to Summary
    Fail

    1.2.2 Ensure filesystem integrity is regularly checked

    Description:

    Periodic checking of the filesystem integrity is needed to detect changes to the filesystem.

    Periodic file checking allows the system administrator to determine on a regular basis if critical files have been changed in an unauthorized fashion.

    If cron will be used to schedule and run aide check:

    Run the following command:

    # crontab -u root -e

    Add the following line to the crontab:

    0 5 * * * /usr/bin/aide.wrapper --config /etc/aide/aide.conf --check

    OR If aidecheck.service and aidecheck.timer will be used to schedule and run aide check:

    Create or edit the file /etc/systemd/system/aidecheck.service and add the following lines:

    [Unit]

    Description=Aide Check



    [Service]

    Type=simple

    ExecStart=/usr/bin/aide.wrapper --config /etc/aide/aide.conf --check



    [Install]

    WantedBy=multi-user.target

    Create or edit the file /etc/systemd/system/aidecheck.timer and add the following lines:

    [Unit]

    Description=Aide check every day at 5AM



    [Timer]

    OnCalendar=*-*-* 05:00:00

    Unit=aidecheck.service



    [Install]

    WantedBy=multi-user.target

    Run the following commands:

    # chown root:root /etc/systemd/system/aidecheck.*

    # chmod 0644 /etc/systemd/system/aidecheck.*



    # systemctl daemon-reload



    # systemctl enable aidecheck.service

    # systemctl --now enable aidecheck.timer

    Show Assessment Evidence
    Complex Check
    OR
    Complex Check
    OR
    Complex Check
    OR
    Complex Check
    OR
    Complex Check
    OR
    Complex Check
    OR
    Complex Check
    OR
    Complex Check
    OR
    Criterion: Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /var/spool/cron/ exists and matches pattern ^([-0-9*\/,A-Za-z]+\s+){5}([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s+\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$
    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
    Item Check: All
    Result: Fail
    No matching system items were found.
    Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/crontab exists and matches pattern ^([-0-9*\/,A-Za-z]+\s+){5}([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s+\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$
    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
    Item Check: All
    Result: Fail
    No matching system items were found.
    Criterion: Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.d exists and matches pattern ^([-0-9*\/,A-Za-z]+\s+){5}([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s+\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$
    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
    Item Check: All
    Result: Fail
    No matching system items were found.
    Criterion: Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.hourly exists and matches pattern ^\s*([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s+\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$
    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
    Item Check: All
    Result: Fail
    No matching system items were found.
    Criterion: Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.daily exists and matches pattern ^\s*([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s+\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$
    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
    Item Check: All
    Result: Fail
    No matching system items were found.
    Criterion: Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.weekly exists and matches pattern ^\s*([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s+\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$
    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
    Item Check: All
    Result: Fail
    No matching system items were found.
    Criterion: Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.monthly exists and matches pattern ^\s*([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s+\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$
    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
    Item Check: All
    Result: Fail
    No matching system items were found.
    Criterion: Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.daily/ exists and matches pattern ^([^#\n\r]+\h+)?(\/usr\/s?bin\/|^\h*)aide(\.wrapper)?\h+(--check|([^#\n\r]+\h+)?\$AIDEARGS)\b
    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
    Item Check: All
    Result: Fail
    No matching system items were found.
    Complex Check
    AND
    Complex Check
    AND
    Complex Check
    AND
    Criterion: Ensure systemd 'aidecheck.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals enabled
    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
    Item Check: All
    Result: Fail
    Systemdunitproperty Item
    Name Type Status Value
    Unit String Exists aidecheck.service
    Property String Exists UnitFileState
    Value String Exists No Value
    Criterion: Ensure systemd 'aidecheck.timer' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals enabled
    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
    Item Check: All
    Result: Fail
    Systemdunitproperty Item
    Name Type Status Value
    Unit String Exists aidecheck.timer
    Property String Exists UnitFileState
    Value String Exists No Value
    Criterion: Ensure systemd 'aidecheck.timer' unit 'Unit' property equals 'aidecheck.service'
    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
    Item Check: All
    Result: Fail
    Systemdunitproperty Item
    Name Type Status Value
    Unit String Exists aidecheck.timer
    Property String Exists Unit
    Value String Exists No Value
    Criterion: Ensure at least one file(s) named aidecheck.service in /etc/systemd/system/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*ExecStart=([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$
    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
    Item Check: All
    Result: Fail
    No matching system items were found.


    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.2.2_Ensure_filesystem_integrity_is_regularly_checked"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.865Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/9"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">https://github.com/konstruktoid/hardening/blob/master/config/aidecheck.service</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">https://github.com/konstruktoid/hardening/blob/master/config/aidecheck.timer</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
            <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
               <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
                  <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
                     <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
                        <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
                           <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                                        negate="false"
                                        multi-check="false">
                              <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                                       name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994966"/>
                              <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                                 <div class="definition"
                                      id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994966">
                                    <div class="criteria">
                                       <div class="criterion"
                                            id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994966"
                                            check="all"
                                            check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                                          <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                             <tbody class="tbe">
                                                <tr>
                                                   <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                                   <td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /var/spool/cron/ exists and matches pattern ^([-0-9*\/,A-Za-z]+\s+){5}([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s+\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$</td>
                                                </tr>
                                                <tr>
                                                   <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                                   <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                                </tr>
                                                <tr>
                                                   <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                                   <td>All</td>
                                                </tr>
                                                <tr>
                                                   <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                                   <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                                </tr>
                                             </tbody>
                                          </table>
                                          <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                             <tr>
                                                <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                             </tr>
                                          </table>
                                       </div>
                                    </div>
                                 </div>
                              </evidence>
                           </xccdf:check>
                           <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                                        negate="false"
                                        multi-check="false">
                              <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                                       name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994970"/>
                              <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                                 <div class="definition"
                                      id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994970">
                                    <div class="criteria">
                                       <div class="criterion"
                                            id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994970"
                                            check="all"
                                            check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                                          <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                             <tbody class="tbe">
                                                <tr>
                                                   <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                                   <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/crontab exists and matches pattern ^([-0-9*\/,A-Za-z]+\s+){5}([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s+\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$</td>
                                                </tr>
                                                <tr>
                                                   <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                                   <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                                </tr>
                                                <tr>
                                                   <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                                   <td>All</td>
                                                </tr>
                                                <tr>
                                                   <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                                   <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                                </tr>
                                             </tbody>
                                          </table>
                                          <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                             <tr>
                                                <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                             </tr>
                                          </table>
                                       </div>
                                    </div>
                                 </div>
                              </evidence>
                           </xccdf:check>
                        </xccdf:complex-check>
                        <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                                     negate="false"
                                     multi-check="false">
                           <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                                    name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994973"/>
                           <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                              <div class="definition"
                                   id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994973">
                                 <div class="criteria">
                                    <div class="criterion"
                                         id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994973"
                                         check="all"
                                         check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                                       <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                          <tbody class="tbe">
                                             <tr>
                                                <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                                <td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.d exists and matches pattern ^([-0-9*\/,A-Za-z]+\s+){5}([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s+\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$</td>
                                             </tr>
                                             <tr>
                                                <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                                <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                             </tr>
                                             <tr>
                                                <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                                <td>All</td>
                                             </tr>
                                             <tr>
                                                <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                                <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                             </tr>
                                          </tbody>
                                       </table>
                                       <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                          <tr>
                                             <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                          </tr>
                                       </table>
                                    </div>
                                 </div>
                              </div>
                           </evidence>
                        </xccdf:check>
                     </xccdf:complex-check>
                     <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                                  negate="false"
                                  multi-check="false">
                        <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                                 name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994975"/>
                        <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                           <div class="definition"
                                id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994975">
                              <div class="criteria">
                                 <div class="criterion"
                                      id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994975"
                                      check="all"
                                      check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                                    <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                       <tbody class="tbe">
                                          <tr>
                                             <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                             <td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.hourly exists and matches pattern ^\s*([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s+\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$</td>
                                          </tr>
                                          <tr>
                                             <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                             <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                          </tr>
                                          <tr>
                                             <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                             <td>All</td>
                                          </tr>
                                          <tr>
                                             <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                             <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                          </tr>
                                       </tbody>
                                    </table>
                                    <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                       <tr>
                                          <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                       </tr>
                                    </table>
                                 </div>
                              </div>
                           </div>
                        </evidence>
                     </xccdf:check>
                  </xccdf:complex-check>
                  <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                               negate="false"
                               multi-check="false">
                     <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                              name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994978"/>
                     <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                        <div class="definition"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994978">
                           <div class="criteria">
                              <div class="criterion"
                                   id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994978"
                                   check="all"
                                   check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                                 <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                    <tbody class="tbe">
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                          <td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.daily exists and matches pattern ^\s*([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s+\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                          <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                          <td>All</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                          <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                       </tr>
                                    </tbody>
                                 </table>
                                 <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </table>
                              </div>
                           </div>
                        </div>
                     </evidence>
                  </xccdf:check>
               </xccdf:complex-check>
               <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                            negate="false"
                            multi-check="false">
                  <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                           name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994981"/>
                  <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                     <div class="definition"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994981">
                        <div class="criteria">
                           <div class="criterion"
                                id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994981"
                                check="all"
                                check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                              <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                       <td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.weekly exists and matches pattern ^\s*([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s+\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                       <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                       <td>All</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                       <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                              <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </table>
                           </div>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </evidence>
               </xccdf:check>
            </xccdf:complex-check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994984"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994984">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994984"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.monthly exists and matches pattern ^\s*([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s+\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995001"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995001">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995001"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/cron.daily/ exists and matches pattern ^([^#\n\r]+\h+)?(\/usr\/s?bin\/|^\h*)aide(\.wrapper)?\h+(--check|([^#\n\r]+\h+)?\$AIDEARGS)\b</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
               <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                            negate="false"
                            multi-check="false">
                  <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:3994987"
                                      value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3994987_var"/>
                  <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                           name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994987"/>
                  <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                     <div class="definition"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994987">
                        <div class="criteria">
                           <div class="criterion"
                                id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994987"
                                check="all"
                                check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                              <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                       <td>Ensure systemd 'aidecheck.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals enabled</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                       <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                       <td>All</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                       <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                              <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                 <caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
                                 <thead>
                                    <tr>
                                       <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                       <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                       <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                       <th scope="col">Value</th>
                                    </tr>
                                 </thead>
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Unit</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>aidecheck.service</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Property</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>UnitFileState</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr class="evaluated">
                                       <td>Value</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>No Value</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                           </div>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </evidence>
               </xccdf:check>
               <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                            negate="false"
                            multi-check="false">
                  <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:3994991"
                                      value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3994991_var"/>
                  <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                           name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994991"/>
                  <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                     <div class="definition"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994991">
                        <div class="criteria">
                           <div class="criterion"
                                id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994991"
                                check="all"
                                check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                              <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                       <td>Ensure systemd 'aidecheck.timer' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals enabled</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                       <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                       <td>All</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                       <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                              <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                 <caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
                                 <thead>
                                    <tr>
                                       <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                       <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                       <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                       <th scope="col">Value</th>
                                    </tr>
                                 </thead>
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Unit</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>aidecheck.timer</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>Property</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>UnitFileState</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr class="evaluated">
                                       <td>Value</td>
                                       <td>String</td>
                                       <td>Exists</td>
                                       <td>No Value</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                           </div>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </evidence>
               </xccdf:check>
            </xccdf:complex-check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:3994994"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3994994_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994994"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994994">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994994"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure systemd 'aidecheck.timer' unit 'Unit' property equals 'aidecheck.service'</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
                              <thead>
                                 <tr>
                                    <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Value</th>
                                 </tr>
                              </thead>
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Unit</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>aidecheck.timer</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Property</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>Unit</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr class="evaluated">
                                    <td>Value</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>No Value</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994997"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994997">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994997"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure at least one file(s) named aidecheck.service in /etc/systemd/system/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*ExecStart=([^#]+\s+)?\/usr\/bin\/aide\.wrapper\s--config\s\/etc\/aide\/aide\.conf\s--check\b.*$</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

    • URL: https://github.com/konstruktoid/hardening/blob/master/config/aidecheck.service
    • URL: https://github.com/konstruktoid/hardening/blob/master/config/aidecheck.timer
    • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
      Subcontrol: 14.9
      Label: Enforce Detail Logging for Access or Changes to Sensitive Data
      Description: Enforce detailed audit logging for access to sensitive data or changes to sensitive data (utilizing tools such as File Integrity Monitoring or Security Information and Event Monitoring).
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
      Safeguard: 8.5
      Label: Collect Detailed Audit Logs
      Description: Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data. Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.
      Implementation Group: IG-2
      Security Function: Detect
      • >

    Back to Summary

    1.3 Configure Software and Patch Management

    Outdated software is vulnerable to cyber criminals and hackers. Software updates help reduce the risk to your organization. The release of software update notes often reveal the patched exploitable entry points to the public. Public knowledge of these exploits cans your organization more vulnerable to malicious actors attempting to gain entry to your system's data.

    Software updates often offer new and improved features and speed enhancements

    Manual

    1.3.1 Ensure updates, patches, and additional security software are installed

    Description:

    Periodically patches are released for included software either due to security flaws or to include additional functionality.

    Newer patches may contain security enhancements that would not be available through the latest full update. As a result, it is recommended that the latest software patches be used to take advantage of the latest functionality. As with any software installation, organizations need to determine if a given update meets their requirements and verify the compatibility and supportability of any additional software against the update revision that is selected.

    Run the following command to update all packages following local site policy guidance on applying updates and patches:

    # apt upgrade

    OR

    # apt dist-upgrade



    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.1_Ensure_updates_patches_and_additional_security_software_are_installed"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.865Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/3/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/3/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/7/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-2</xccdf:ident>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

    • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-2

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 3: Continuous Vulnerability Management: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Continuously acquire, assess, and take action on new information in order to identify vulnerabilities, remediate, and minimize the window of opportunity for attackers.
      Subcontrol: 3.4
      Label: Deploy Automated Operating System Patch Management Tools
      Description: Deploy automated software update tools in order to ensure that the operating systems are running the most recent security updates provided by the software vendor.
    • Control 3: Continuous Vulnerability Management: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Continuously acquire, assess, and take action on new information in order to identify vulnerabilities, remediate, and minimize the window of opportunity for attackers.
      Subcontrol: 3.5
      Label: Deploy Automated Software Patch Management Tools
      Description: Deploy automated software update tools in order to ensure that third-party software on all systems is running the most recent security updates provided by the software vendor.
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 7: Continuous Vulnerability Management: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Develop a plan to continuously assess and track vulnerabilities on all enterprise assets within the enterprise's infrastructure, in order to remediate, and minimize, the window of opportunity for attackers. Monitor public and private industry sources for new threat and vulnerability information.
      Safeguard: 7.3
      Label: Perform Automated Operating System Patch Management
      Description: Perform operating system updates on enterprise assets through automated patch management on a monthly, or more frequent, basis.
      Implementation Group: IG-1
      Security Function: Protect
      • >

    Back to Summary
    Manual

    1.3.2 Ensure package manager repositories are configured

    Description:

    Systems need to have package manager repositories configured to ensure they receive the latest patches and updates.

    If a system's package repositories are misconfigured important patches may not be identified or a rogue repository could introduce compromised software.

    Configure your package manager repositories according to site policy.



    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.2_Ensure_package_manager_repositories_are_configured"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.865Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/3/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/3/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/7/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-2</xccdf:ident>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

    • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-2

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 3: Continuous Vulnerability Management: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Continuously acquire, assess, and take action on new information in order to identify vulnerabilities, remediate, and minimize the window of opportunity for attackers.
      Subcontrol: 3.4
      Label: Deploy Automated Operating System Patch Management Tools
      Description: Deploy automated software update tools in order to ensure that the operating systems are running the most recent security updates provided by the software vendor.
    • Control 3: Continuous Vulnerability Management: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Continuously acquire, assess, and take action on new information in order to identify vulnerabilities, remediate, and minimize the window of opportunity for attackers.
      Subcontrol: 3.5
      Label: Deploy Automated Software Patch Management Tools
      Description: Deploy automated software update tools in order to ensure that third-party software on all systems is running the most recent security updates provided by the software vendor.
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 7: Continuous Vulnerability Management: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Develop a plan to continuously assess and track vulnerabilities on all enterprise assets within the enterprise's infrastructure, in order to remediate, and minimize, the window of opportunity for attackers. Monitor public and private industry sources for new threat and vulnerability information.
      Safeguard: 7.3
      Label: Perform Automated Operating System Patch Management
      Description: Perform operating system updates on enterprise assets through automated patch management on a monthly, or more frequent, basis.
      Implementation Group: IG-1
      Security Function: Protect
      • >

    Back to Summary
    Manual

    1.3.3 Ensure GPG keys are configured

    Description:

    Most packages managers implement GPG key signing to verify package integrity during installation.

    It is important to ensure that updates are obtained from a valid source to protect against spoofing that could lead to the inadvertent installation of malware on the system.

    Update your package manager GPG keys in accordance with site policy.



    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.3.3_Ensure_GPG_keys_are_configured"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.865Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/3/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/3/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/7/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-2</xccdf:ident>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

    • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-2

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 3: Continuous Vulnerability Management: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Continuously acquire, assess, and take action on new information in order to identify vulnerabilities, remediate, and minimize the window of opportunity for attackers.
      Subcontrol: 3.4
      Label: Deploy Automated Operating System Patch Management Tools
      Description: Deploy automated software update tools in order to ensure that the operating systems are running the most recent security updates provided by the software vendor.
    • Control 3: Continuous Vulnerability Management: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Continuously acquire, assess, and take action on new information in order to identify vulnerabilities, remediate, and minimize the window of opportunity for attackers.
      Subcontrol: 3.5
      Label: Deploy Automated Software Patch Management Tools
      Description: Deploy automated software update tools in order to ensure that third-party software on all systems is running the most recent security updates provided by the software vendor.
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 7: Continuous Vulnerability Management: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Develop a plan to continuously assess and track vulnerabilities on all enterprise assets within the enterprise's infrastructure, in order to remediate, and minimize, the window of opportunity for attackers. Monitor public and private industry sources for new threat and vulnerability information.
      Safeguard: 7.3
      Label: Perform Automated Operating System Patch Management
      Description: Perform operating system updates on enterprise assets through automated patch management on a monthly, or more frequent, basis.
      Implementation Group: IG-1
      Security Function: Protect
      • >

    Back to Summary

    1.4 Secure Boot Settings

    The recommendations in this section focus on securing the bootloader and settings involved in the boot process directly.

    Fail

    1.4.1 Ensure bootloader password is set

    Description:

    Setting the boot loader password will require that anyone rebooting the system must enter a password before being able to set command line boot parameters

    Requiring a boot password upon execution of the boot loader will prevent an unauthorized user from entering boot parameters or changing the boot partition. This prevents users from weakening security (e.g. turning off AppArmor at boot time).

    Create an encrypted password with grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2 :

    # grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2



    Enter password: <password>

    Reenter password: <password>

    PBKDF2 hash of your password is <encrypted-password>

    Add the following into a custom /etc/grub.d configuration file:

    cat <<EOF

    set superusers="<username>"

    password_pbkdf2 <username> <encrypted-password>

    EOF

    The superuser/user information and password should not be contained in the /etc/grub.d/00_header file as this file could be overwritten in a package update.

    If there is a requirement to be able to boot/reboot without entering the password, edit /etc/grub.d/10_linux and add --unrestricted to the line CLASS=

    Example:

    CLASS="--class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted"

    Run the following command to update the grub2 configuration:

    # update-grub

    Impact:

    If password protection is enabled, only the designated superuser can edit a GRUB 2 menu item by pressing "e" or access the GRUB 2 command line by pressing "c"

    If GRUB 2 is set up to boot automatically to a password-protected menu entry the user has no option to back out of the password prompt to select another menu entry. Holding the SHIFT key will not display the menu in this case. The user must enter the correct username and password. If unable to do so, the configuration files will have to be edited via a LiveCD or other means to fix the problem

    You can add --unrestricted to the menu entries to allow the system to boot without entering a password. A password will still be required to edit menu items.

    More Information: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2/Passwords

    Show Assessment Evidence
    Complex Check
    AND
    Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /boot/grub/grub.cfg exists and matches pattern ^\s*set\s+superusers\s*=\s*"[^"]*"\s*(\s+#.*)?$
    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
    Item Check: All
    Result: Fail
    No matching system items were found.
    Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /boot/grub/grub.cfg exists and matches pattern ^\s*password_pbkdf2\s+\S+\s+\S+\s*(\s+#.*)?$
    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
    Item Check: All
    Result: Fail
    No matching system items were found.


    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.1_Ensure_bootloader_password_is_set"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.865Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995006"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995006">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995006"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /boot/grub/grub.cfg exists and matches pattern ^\s*set\s+superusers\s*=\s*"[^"]*"\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995010"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995010">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995010"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /boot/grub/grub.cfg exists and matches pattern ^\s*password_pbkdf2\s+\S+\s+\S+\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

    • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications.
      Subcontrol: 4.4
      Label: Use Unique Passwords
      Description: Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root, or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system.
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 5: Account Management: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise assets and software.
      Safeguard: 5.2
      Label: Use Unique Passwords
      Description: Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation includes, at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a 14-character password for accounts not using MFA.
      Implementation Group: IG-1
      Security Function: Protect
      • >

    Back to Summary
    Fail

    1.4.2 Ensure permissions on bootloader config are configured

    Description:

    The grub configuration file contains information on boot settings and passwords for unlocking boot options.

    Setting the permissions to read and write for root only prevents non-root users from seeing the boot parameters or changing them. Non-root users who read the boot parameters may be able to identify weaknesses in security upon boot and be able to exploit them.

    Run the following commands to set permissions on your grub configuration:

    # chown root:root /boot/grub/grub.cfg

    # chmod u-x,go-rwx /boot/grub/grub.cfg

    Show Assessment Evidence
    Complex Check
    AND
    Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /boot/grub/grub.cfg exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions --xrwxrwx
    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
    Item Check: All
    Result: Fail
    File Item
    Name Type Status Value
    Filepath String Exists /boot/grub/grub.cfg
    Path String Exists /boot/grub
    Filename String Exists grub.cfg
    Type String Exists regular
    Group Id Int Exists 0
    User Id Int Exists 0
    A Time Int Exists 1667857300
    C Time Int Exists 1667857300
    M Time Int Exists 1667857300
    Size Int Exists 6577
    Suid Int Exists false
    Sgid Boolean Exists false
    Sticky Boolean Exists false
    Uread Boolean Exists true
    Uwrite Boolean Exists false
    Uexec Boolean Exists false
    Gread Boolean Exists true
    Gwrite Boolean Exists false
    Gexec Boolean Exists false
    Oread Boolean Exists true
    Owrite Boolean Exists false
    Oexec Boolean Exists false
    Has Extended Acl Boolean Not collected No Value


    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.2_Ensure_permissions_on_bootloader_config_are_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.865Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:4080492"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:4080492">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:4080492"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /boot/grub/grub.cfg exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions --xrwxrwx</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>File Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filepath</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/boot/grub</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>grub.cfg</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Type</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>regular</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Group Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>User Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>A Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1667857300</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>C Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1667857300</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>M Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1667857300</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Size</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>6577</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Suid</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Sgid</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Sticky</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uwrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Uexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gwrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Oread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Owrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Oexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Has Extended Acl</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

    • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
      Subcontrol: 14.6
      Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
      Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
      Safeguard: 3.3
      Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
      Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
      Implementation Group: IG-1
      Security Function: Protect
      • >

    Back to Summary
    Fail

    1.4.3 Ensure authentication required for single user mode

    Description:

    Single user mode is used for recovery when the system detects an issue during boot or by manual selection from the bootloader.

    Requiring authentication in single user mode prevents an unauthorized user from rebooting the system into single user to gain root privileges without credentials.

    Run the following command and follow the prompts to set a password for the root user:

    # passwd root

    Show Assessment Evidence
    Complex Check
    AND
    Criterion: Ensure usernames equals root have shadow parameter password Pattern Match ^\$(y|[56]|g) (string)
    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
    Item Check: All
    Result: Fail
    No matching system items were found.


    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.4.3_Ensure_authentication_required_for_single_user_mode"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.866Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:3995019"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995019_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995019"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995019">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995019"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure usernames equals root have shadow parameter password Pattern Match ^\$(y|[56]|g) (string)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

    • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications.
      Subcontrol: 4.4
      Label: Use Unique Passwords
      Description: Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root, or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system.
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 5: Account Management: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise assets and software.
      Safeguard: 5.2
      Label: Use Unique Passwords
      Description: Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation includes, at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a 14-character password for accounts not using MFA.
      Implementation Group: IG-1
      Security Function: Protect
      • >

    Back to Summary

    1.5 Additional Process Hardening

    Pass

    1.5.1 Ensure prelink is not installed

    Description:

    prelink is a program that modifies ELF shared libraries and ELF dynamically linked binaries in such a way that the time needed for the dynamic linker to perform relocations at startup significantly decreases.

    The prelinking feature can interfere with the operation of AIDE, because it changes binaries. Prelinking can also increase the vulnerability of the system if a malicious user is able to compromise a common library such as libc.

    Run the following command to restore binaries to normal:

    # prelink -ua

    Uninstall prelink using the appropriate package manager or manual installation:

    # apt purge prelink

    Show Assessment Evidence
    Complex Check
    AND
    Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'prelink' is not installed
    Existence Check: None Exist
    Item Check: All
    Result: Pass
    No matching system items were found.


    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.1_Ensure_prelink_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.866Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/9"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/14"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6, CM-1, CM-3</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995023"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995023">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995023"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'prelink' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

    • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6, CM-1, CM-3

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
      Subcontrol: 14.9
      Label: Enforce Detail Logging for Access or Changes to Sensitive Data
      Description: Enforce detailed audit logging for access to sensitive data or changes to sensitive data (utilizing tools such as File Integrity Monitoring or Security Information and Event Monitoring).
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
      Safeguard: 3.14
      Label: Log Sensitive Data Access
      Description: Log sensitive data access, including modification and disposal.
      Implementation Group: IG-3
      Security Function: Detect
      • >

    Back to Summary
    Fail

    1.5.2 Ensure address space layout randomization (ASLR) is enabled

    Description:

    Address space layout randomization (ASLR) is an exploit mitigation technique which randomly arranges the address space of key data areas of a process.

    Randomly placing virtual memory regions will make it difficult to write memory page exploits as the memory placement will be consistently shifting.

    Set the following parameter in /etc/sysctl.conf or a file in /etc/sysctl.d/ ending in .conf :

    • kernel.randomize_va_space = 2

    Example:

    # printf "

    kernel.randomize_va_space = 2

    " >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-kernel_sysctl.conf

    Run the following command to set the active kernel parameter:

    # sysctl -w kernel.randomize_va_space=2

    Note: If these settings appear in a conically later file, or later in the same file, these settings will be overwritten

    Show Assessment Evidence
    Complex Check
    AND
    Script: sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh
    Result: Fail
    Exit Value: 102
    Output:
    • - Audit Result:
    • ** FAIL **
    • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
    • - "kernel.randomize_va_space" is not set in an included file
    • ** Note: "kernel.randomize_va_space" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **
    • - Correctly set:
    • - "kernel.randomize_va_space" is correctly set to "2" in the running configuration
    No error lines were collected.


    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.2_Ensure_address_space_layout_randomization_ASLR_is_enabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.866Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/8/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/10/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/focal/man5/sysctl.d.5.html</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">CCI-000366: The organization implements the security configuration settings</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995027_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - "kernel.randomize_va_space" is not set in an included file</l>
                  <l>   ** Note: "kernel.randomize_va_space" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Correctly set:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - "kernel.randomize_va_space" is correctly set to "2" in the running configuration</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - "kernel.randomize_va_space" is not set in an included file</li>
                              <li>   ** Note: "kernel.randomize_va_space" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Correctly set:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - "kernel.randomize_va_space" is correctly set to "2" in the running configuration</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

    • URL: http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/focal/man5/sysctl.d.5.html
    • URL: CCI-000366: The organization implements the security configuration settings
    • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 8: Malware Defenses: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Control the installation, spread, and execution of malicious code at multiple points in the enterprise, while optimizing the use of automation to enable rapid updating of defense, data gathering, and corrective action.
      Subcontrol: 8.3
      Label: Enable Operating System Anti-Exploitation Features/ Deploy Anti-Exploit Technologies
      Description: Enable anti-exploitation features such as Data Execution Prevention (DEP) or Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) that are available in an operating system or deploy appropriate toolkits that can be configured to apply protection to a broader set of applications and executables.
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 10: Malware Defenses: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Prevent or control the installation, spread, and execution of malicious applications, code, or scripts on enterprise assets.
      Safeguard: 10.5
      Label: Enable Anti-Exploitation Features
      Description: Enable anti-exploitation features on enterprise assets and software, where possible, such as Microsoft® Data Execution Prevention (DEP), Windows® Defender Exploit Guard (WDEG), or Apple® System Integrity Protection (SIP) and Gatekeeper™.
      Implementation Group: IG-2
      Security Function: Protect
      • >

    Back to Summary
    Pass

    1.5.3 Ensure ptrace_scope is restricted

    Description:

    The ptrace() system call provides a means by which one process (the "tracer") may observe and control the execution of another process (the "tracee"), and examine and change the tracee's memory and registers.

    If one application is compromised, it would be possible for an attacker to attach to other running processes (e.g. Bash, Firefox, SSH sessions, GPG agent, etc) to extract additional credentials and continue to expand the scope of their attack.

    Enabling restricted mode will limit the ability of a compromised process to PTRACE_ATTACH on other processes running under the same user. With restricted mode, ptrace will continue to work with root user.

    Set the following parameter in /etc/sysctl.conf or a file in /etc/sysctl.d/ ending in .conf :

    • kernel.yama.ptrace_scope = 1

    Example:

    # printf "

    kernel.yama.ptrace_scope = 1

    " >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-kernel_sysctl.conf

    Run the following command to set the active kernel parameter:

    # sysctl -w kernel.yama.ptrace_scope=1

    Note: If these settings appear in a conically later file, or later in the same file, these settings will be overwritten

    Show Assessment Evidence
    Complex Check
    AND
    Script: sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh
    Result: Pass
    Exit Value: 101
    Output:
    • - Audit Result:
    • ** PASS **
    • - "kernel.yama.ptrace_scope" is correctly set to "1" in the running configuration
    • - "kernel.yama.ptrace_scope" is correctly set to "1" in "/etc/sysctl.d/10-ptrace.conf"
    No error lines were collected.


    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.3_Ensure_ptrace_scope_is_restricted"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.866Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/security/Yama.txt</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">https://github.com/raj3shp/termspy</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995030_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** PASS **</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - "kernel.yama.ptrace_scope" is correctly set to "1" in the running configuration</l>
                  <l> - "kernel.yama.ptrace_scope" is correctly set to "1" in "/etc/sysctl.d/10-ptrace.conf"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** PASS **</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - "kernel.yama.ptrace_scope" is correctly set to "1" in the running configuration</li>
                              <li> - "kernel.yama.ptrace_scope" is correctly set to "1" in "/etc/sysctl.d/10-ptrace.conf"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

    • URL: https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/security/Yama.txt
    • URL: https://github.com/raj3shp/termspy

    CIS Controls V7.0:

    • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
      Subcontrol: 9.2
      Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
      Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
      • >

    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

    • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
      CIS Control Information
      Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
      Safeguard: 4.8
      Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
      Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
      Implementation Group: IG-2
      Security Function: Protect
      • >

    Back to Summary
    Fail

    1.5.4 Ensure Automatic Error Reporting is not enabled

    Description:

    The Apport Error Reporting Service automatically generates crash reports for debugging

    Apport collects potentially sensitive data, such as core dumps, stack traces, and log files. They can contain passwords, credit card numbers, serial numbers, and other private material.

    Edit /etc/default/apport and add or edit the enabled parameter to equal 0 :

    enabled=0

    Run the following commands to stop and disable the apport service

    # systemctl stop apport.service

    # systemctl --now disable apport.service

    -- OR --

    Run the following command to remove the apport package:

    # apt purge apport

    Show Assessment Evidence
    Complex Check
    OR
    Complex Check
    AND
    Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/default/apport exists and matches pattern ^\h*enabled\h*=\h*0\b
    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
    Item Check: All
    Result: Fail
    No matching system items were found.
    Criterion: Ensure systemd 'apport.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active'
    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
    Item Check: All
    Result: Fail
    Systemdunitproperty Item
    Name Type Status Value
    Unit String Exists apport.service
    Property String Exists ActiveState
    Value String Exists active
    Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'apport' is not installed
    Existence Check: None Exist
    Item Check: All
    Result: Fail
    Dpkginfo Item
    Name Type Status Value
    Name String Exists apport
    Arch String Exists all
    Epoch String Exists (none)
    Release String Exists 0ubuntu27.24
    Version String Exists 2.20.11
    Evr Evr String Exists 0:2.20.11-0ubuntu27.24


    Show Rule Result XML
    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.4_Ensure_Automatic_Error_Reporting_is_not_enabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.867Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995034"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995034">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995034"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/default/apport exists and matches pattern ^\h*enabled\h*=\h*0\b</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:3995038"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995038_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995038"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995038">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995038"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure systemd 'apport.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active'</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Unit</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>apport.service</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Property</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>ActiveState</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Value</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>active</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995042"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995042">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995042"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'apport' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>apport</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>all</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>(none)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0ubuntu27.24</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>2.20.11</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0:2.20.11-0ubuntu27.24</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

    References:

      CIS Controls V7.0:

      • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
        CIS Control Information
        Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
        Subcontrol: 9.2
        Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
        Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
        • >

      CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

      • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
        CIS Control Information
        Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
        Safeguard: 4.8
        Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
        Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
        Implementation Group: IG-2
        Security Function: Protect
        • >

      Back to Summary
      Fail

      1.5.5 Ensure core dumps are restricted

      Description:

      A core dump is the memory of an executable program. It is generally used to determine why a program aborted. It can also be used to glean confidential information from a core file. The system provides the ability to set a soft limit for core dumps, but this can be overridden by the user.

      Setting a hard limit on core dumps prevents users from overriding the soft variable. If core dumps are required, consider setting limits for user groups (see limits.conf(5) ). In addition, setting the fs.suid_dumpable variable to 0 will prevent setuid programs from dumping core.

      Add the following line to /etc/security/limits.conf or a /etc/security/limits.d/* file:

      * hard core 0

      Set the following parameter in /etc/sysctl.conf or a file in /etc/sysctl.d/ ending in .conf :

      • fs.suid_dumpable = 0

      Example:

      # printf "

      fs.suid_dumpable = 0

      " >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-fs_sysctl.conf

      Run the following command to set the active kernel parameter:

      # sysctl -w fs.suid_dumpable=0

      Note: If these settings appear in a conically later file, or later in the same file, these settings will be overwritten

      -IF- systemd-coredump is installed:

      edit /etc/systemd/coredump.conf and add/modify the following lines:

      Storage=none

      ProcessSizeMax=0

      Run the command:

      systemctl daemon-reload

      Show Assessment Evidence
      Complex Check
      AND
      Complex Check
      OR
      Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/security/limits.conf exists and matches pattern ^\h*\*\h+hard\h+core\h+0\b(\h*#.*)?$
      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
      Item Check: All
      Result: Fail
      No matching system items were found.
      Criterion: Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/security/limits.d exists and matches pattern ^\h*\*\h+hard\h+core\h+0\b(\h*#.*)?$
      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
      Item Check: All
      Result: Fail
      No matching system items were found.
      Script: sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh
      Result: Fail
      Exit Value: 102
      Output:
      • - Audit Result:
      • ** FAIL **
      • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
      • - "fs.suid_dumpable" is incorrectly set to "2" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"
      • - "fs.suid_dumpable" is not set in an included file
      • ** Note: "fs.suid_dumpable" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **
      No error lines were collected.


      Show Rule Result XML
      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.5.5_Ensure_core_dumps_are_restricted"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.868Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995046"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995046">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995046"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/security/limits.conf exists and matches pattern ^\h*\*\h+hard\h+core\h+0\b(\h*#.*)?$</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995049"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995049">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995049"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/security/limits.d exists and matches pattern ^\h*\*\h+hard\h+core\h+0\b(\h*#.*)?$</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995053_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - "fs.suid_dumpable" is incorrectly set to "2" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"</l>
                  <l> - "fs.suid_dumpable" is not set in an included file</l>
                  <l>   ** Note: "fs.suid_dumpable" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - "fs.suid_dumpable" is incorrectly set to "2" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"</li>
                              <li> - "fs.suid_dumpable" is not set in an included file</li>
                              <li>   ** Note: "fs.suid_dumpable" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
      Back to Summary

      1.6 Mandatory Access Control

      Mandatory Access Control (MAC) provides an additional layer of access restrictions to processes on top of the base Discretionary Access Controls. By restricting how processes can access files and resources on a system the potential impact from vulnerabilities in the processes can be reduced.

      Impact: Mandatory Access Control limits the capabilities of applications and daemons on a system, while this can prevent unauthorized access the configuration of MAC can be complex and difficult to implement correctly preventing legitimate access from occurring.

      Note:

      • Apparmor is the default MAC provided with Debian-based systems.
      • Additional Mandatory Access Control systems to include SELinux exist. If a different Mandatory Access Control systems is used, please follow it's vendors guidance for proper implementation in place of the guidance provided in this section

      1.6.1 Configure AppArmor

      AppArmor provides a Mandatory Access Control (MAC) system that greatly augments the default Discretionary Access Control (DAC) model. Under AppArmor MAC rules are applied by file paths instead of by security contexts as in other MAC systems. As such it does not require support in the filesystem and can be applied to network mounted filesystems for example. AppArmor security policies define what system resources applications can access and what privileges they can do so with. This automatically limits the damage that the software can do to files accessible by the calling user. The user does not need to take any action to gain this benefit. For an action to occur, both the traditional DAC permissions must be satisfied as well as the AppArmor MAC rules. The action will not be allowed if either one of these models does not permit the action. In this way, AppArmor rules can only make a system's permissions more restrictive and secure.

      References:

      1. AppArmor Documentation: http://wiki.apparmor.net/index.php/Documentation
      2. Ubuntu AppArmor Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AppArmor
      3. SUSE AppArmor Documentation: https://www.suse.com/documentation/apparmor/
      Fail

      1.6.1.1 Ensure AppArmor is installed

      Description:

      AppArmor provides Mandatory Access Controls.

      Without a Mandatory Access Control system installed only the default Discretionary Access Control system will be available.

      Install AppArmor.

      # apt install apparmor apparmor-utils

      Show Assessment Evidence
      Complex Check
      AND
      Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'apparmor' is installed
      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
      Item Check: All
      Result: Pass
      Dpkginfo Item
      Name Type Status Value
      Name String Exists apparmor
      Arch String Exists amd64
      Epoch String Exists (none)
      Release String Exists 7ubuntu5.1
      Version String Exists 2.13.3
      Evr Evr String Exists 0:2.13.3-7ubuntu5.1
      Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'apparmor-utils' is installed
      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
      Item Check: All
      Result: Fail
      No matching system items were found.


      Show Rule Result XML
      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.1_Ensure_AppArmor_is_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.869Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995058"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995058">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995058"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'apparmor' is installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>apparmor</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>(none)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>7ubuntu5.1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>2.13.3</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0:2.13.3-7ubuntu5.1</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995061"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995061">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995061"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'apparmor-utils' is installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

      References:

        CIS Controls V7.0:

        • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
          CIS Control Information
          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
          Subcontrol: 14.6
          Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
          Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
          • >

        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

        • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
          CIS Control Information
          Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
          Safeguard: 3.3
          Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
          Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
          Implementation Group: IG-1
          Security Function: Protect
          • >

        Back to Summary
        Fail

        1.6.1.2 Ensure AppArmor is enabled in the bootloader configuration

        Description:

        Configure AppArmor to be enabled at boot time and verify that it has not been overwritten by the bootloader boot parameters.

        Note: This recommendation is designed around the grub bootloader, if LILO or another bootloader is in use in your environment enact equivalent settings.

        AppArmor must be enabled at boot time in your bootloader configuration to ensure that the controls it provides are not overridden.

        Edit /etc/default/grub and add the apparmor=1 and security=apparmor parameters to the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX= line

        GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="apparmor=1 security=apparmor"

        Run the following command to update the grub2 configuration:

        # update-grub

        Show Assessment Evidence
        Complex Check
        AND
        Criterion: Ensure /boot/grub/grub.cfg contents Pattern Match apparmor=1 (string)
        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
        Item Check: All
        Result: Fail
        Textfilecontent Item
        Name Type Status Value
        Filepath String Exists /boot/grub/grub.cfg
        Path String Exists /boot/grub
        Filename String Exists grub.cfg
        Pattern String Exists ^[^#]\s*linux.*$
        Instance Int Exists 1
        Line String Exists linux /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-131-generic root=LABEL=cloudimg-rootfs ro console=tty1 console=ttyS0
        Text String Exists linux /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-131-generic root=LABEL=cloudimg-rootfs ro console=tty1 console=ttyS0
        Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
        Windows View String Not collected No Value
        Criterion: Ensure /boot/grub/grub.cfg contents Pattern Match security=apparmor (string)
        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
        Item Check: All
        Result: Fail
        Textfilecontent Item
        Name Type Status Value
        Filepath String Exists /boot/grub/grub.cfg
        Path String Exists /boot/grub
        Filename String Exists grub.cfg
        Pattern String Exists ^[^#]\s*linux.*$
        Instance Int Exists 1
        Line String Exists linux /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-131-generic root=LABEL=cloudimg-rootfs ro console=tty1 console=ttyS0
        Text String Exists linux /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-131-generic root=LABEL=cloudimg-rootfs ro console=tty1 console=ttyS0
        Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
        Windows View String Not collected No Value


        Show Rule Result XML
        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.2_Ensure_AppArmor_is_enabled_in_the_bootloader_configuration"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.870Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:3995064"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_39950641_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:39950642"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_39950642_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995064"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995064">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995064"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure /boot/grub/grub.cfg contents Pattern Match apparmor=1 (string)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filepath</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/boot/grub</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>grub.cfg</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Pattern</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>^[^#]\s*linux.*$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Instance</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>	linux	/boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-131-generic root=LABEL=cloudimg-rootfs ro  console=tty1 console=ttyS0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Text</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>	linux	/boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-131-generic root=LABEL=cloudimg-rootfs ro  console=tty1 console=ttyS0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Subexpression</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Does not exist</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Windows View</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:3995069"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_39950691_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:39950692"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_39950692_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995069"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995069">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995069"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure /boot/grub/grub.cfg contents Pattern Match security=apparmor (string)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filepath</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/boot/grub</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>grub.cfg</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Pattern</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>^[^#]\s*linux.*$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Instance</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>	linux	/boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-131-generic root=LABEL=cloudimg-rootfs ro  console=tty1 console=ttyS0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Text</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>	linux	/boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-131-generic root=LABEL=cloudimg-rootfs ro  console=tty1 console=ttyS0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Subexpression</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Does not exist</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Windows View</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

        References:

        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3

        CIS Controls V7.0:

        • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
          CIS Control Information
          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
          Subcontrol: 14.6
          Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
          Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
          • >

        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

        • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
          CIS Control Information
          Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
          Safeguard: 3.3
          Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
          Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
          Implementation Group: IG-1
          Security Function: Protect
          • >

        Back to Summary
        Pass

        1.6.1.3 Ensure all AppArmor Profiles are in enforce or complain mode

        Description:

        AppArmor profiles define what resources applications are able to access.

        Security configuration requirements vary from site to site. Some sites may mandate a policy that is stricter than the default policy, which is perfectly acceptable. This item is intended to ensure that any policies that exist on the system are activated.

        Run the following command to set all profiles to enforce mode:

        # aa-enforce /etc/apparmor.d/*

        OR

        Run the following command to set all profiles to complain mode:

        # aa-complain /etc/apparmor.d/*

        Note: Any unconfined processes may need to have a profile created or activated for them and then be restarted

        Show Assessment Evidence
        Complex Check
        AND
        Script: sce/nix_apparmor_profiles_chk.sh
        Result: Pass
        Exit Value: 101
        Output:
        • - Audit Result:
        • *** PASS ***
        • - * Correctly configured * :
        • - "0" processes are unconfined but have a profile defined
        • - "30" of "30" profiles are in complain or enforcing mode
        No error lines were collected.


        Show Rule Result XML
        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.3_Ensure_all_AppArmor_Profiles_are_in_enforce_or_complain_mode"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.870Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995072_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_apparmor_profiles_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_apparmor_profiles_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_apparmor_profiles_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  *** PASS ***</l>
                  <l>- * Correctly configured * :</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - "0" processes are unconfined but have a profile defined</l>
                  <l> - "30" of "30" profiles are in complain or enforcing mode</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_apparmor_profiles_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  *** PASS ***</li>
                              <li>- * Correctly configured * :</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - "0" processes are unconfined but have a profile defined</li>
                              <li> - "30" of "30" profiles are in complain or enforcing mode</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

        References:

        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3

        CIS Controls V7.0:

        • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
          CIS Control Information
          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
          Subcontrol: 14.6
          Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
          Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
          • >

        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

        • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
          CIS Control Information
          Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
          Safeguard: 3.3
          Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
          Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
          Implementation Group: IG-1
          Security Function: Protect
          • >

        Back to Summary
        Pass

        1.6.1.4 Ensure all AppArmor Profiles are enforcing

        Description:

        AppArmor profiles define what resources applications are able to access.

        Security configuration requirements vary from site to site. Some sites may mandate a policy that is stricter than the default policy, which is perfectly acceptable. This item is intended to ensure that any policies that exist on the system are activated.

        Run the following command to set all profiles to enforce mode:

        # aa-enforce /etc/apparmor.d/*

        Note: Any unconfined processes may need to have a profile created or activated for them and then be restarted

        Show Assessment Evidence
        Complex Check
        AND
        Script: sce/nix_apparmor_profiles_chk.sh
        Result: Pass
        Exit Value: 101
        Output:
        • - Audit Result:
        • *** PASS ***
        • - * Correctly configured * :
        • - "0" processes are unconfined but have a profile defined
        • - "30" of "30" profiles are in enforcing mode
        No error lines were collected.


        Show Rule Result XML
        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.6.1.4_Ensure_all_AppArmor_Profiles_are_enforcing"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.870Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995078_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_apparmor_profiles_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_apparmor_profiles_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_apparmor_profiles_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  *** PASS ***</l>
                  <l>- * Correctly configured * :</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - "0" processes are unconfined but have a profile defined</l>
                  <l> - "30" of "30" profiles are in enforcing mode</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_apparmor_profiles_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  *** PASS ***</li>
                              <li>- * Correctly configured * :</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - "0" processes are unconfined but have a profile defined</li>
                              <li> - "30" of "30" profiles are in enforcing mode</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

        References:

        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3

        CIS Controls V7.0:

        • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
          CIS Control Information
          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
          Subcontrol: 14.6
          Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
          Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
          • >

        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

        • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
          CIS Control Information
          Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
          Safeguard: 3.3
          Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
          Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
          Implementation Group: IG-1
          Security Function: Protect
          • >

        Back to Summary

        1.7 Command Line Warning Banners

        Presenting a warning message prior to the normal user login may assist in the prosecution of trespassers on the computer system. Changing some of these login banners also has the side effect of hiding OS version information and other detailed system information from attackers attempting to target specific exploits at a system. The /etc/motd , /etc/issue , and /etc/issue.net files govern warning banners for standard command line logins for both local and remote users.

        Guidelines published by the US Department of Defense require that warning messages include at least the name of the organization that owns the system, the fact that the system is subject to monitoring and that such monitoring is in compliance with local statutes, and that use of the system implies consent to such monitoring. It is important that the organization's legal counsel review the content of all messages before any system modifications are made, as these warning messages are inherently site-specific. More information (including citations of relevant case law) can be found at http://www.justice.gov/criminal/cybercrime/

        Note: The text provided in the remediation actions for these items is intended as an example only. Please edit to include the specific text for your organization as approved by your legal department

        Pass

        1.7.1 Ensure message of the day is configured properly

        Description:

        The contents of the /etc/motd file are displayed to users after login and function as a message of the day for authenticated users.

        Unix-based systems have typically displayed information about the OS release and patch level upon logging in to the system. This information can be useful to developers who are developing software for a particular OS platform. If mingetty(8) supports the following options, they display operating system information: \m - machine architecture \r - operating system release \s - operating system name \v - operating system version

        Warning messages inform users who are attempting to login to the system of their legal status regarding the system and must include the name of the organization that owns the system and any monitoring policies that are in place. Displaying OS and patch level information in login banners also has the side effect of providing detailed system information to attackers attempting to target specific exploits of a system. Authorized users can easily get this information by running the " uname -a " command once they have logged in.

        Edit the /etc/motd file with the appropriate contents according to your site policy, remove any instances of \m , \r , \s , \v or references to the OS platform . Add or update the message text to follow local site policy.

        Example Text:

        # echo "Authorized use only. All activity may be monitored and reported." > /etc/issue.net

        -- OR --

        If the motd is not used, this file can be removed.

        Run the following command to remove the motd file:

        # rm /etc/motd

        Show Assessment Evidence
        Complex Check
        AND
        Script: sce/wbmotd.sh
        Result: Pass
        Exit Value: 101
        Output:
        • Warning Banner "/etc/motd" passed
        No error lines were collected.


        Show Rule Result XML
        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.1_Ensure_message_of_the_day_is_configured_properly"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.870Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-3</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/wbmotd.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/wbmotd.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/wbmotd.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l>Warning Banner "/etc/motd" passed</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/wbmotd.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Warning Banner "/etc/motd" passed</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

        References:

        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-3

        Back to Summary
        Fail

        1.7.2 Ensure local login warning banner is configured properly

        Description:

        The contents of the /etc/issue file are displayed to users prior to login for local terminals.

        Unix-based systems have typically displayed information about the OS release and patch level upon logging in to the system. This information can be useful to developers who are developing software for a particular OS platform. If mingetty(8) supports the following options, they display operating system information: \m - machine architecture \r - operating system release \s - operating system name \v - operating system version - or the operating system's name

        Warning messages inform users who are attempting to login to the system of their legal status regarding the system and must include the name of the organization that owns the system and any monitoring policies that are in place. Displaying OS and patch level information in login banners also has the side effect of providing detailed system information to attackers attempting to target specific exploits of a system. Authorized users can easily get this information by running the " uname -a " command once they have logged in.

        Edit the /etc/issue file with the appropriate contents according to your site policy, remove any instances of \m , \r , \s , \v or references to the OS platform . Add or update the message text to follow local site policy.

        Example Text:

        # echo "Authorized use only. All activity may be monitored and reported." > /etc/issue.net

        Show Assessment Evidence
        Complex Check
        AND
        Script: sce/wbissue.sh
        Result: Fail
        Exit Value: 102
        Output:
        • Warning Banner contains:
        No error lines were collected.


        Show Rule Result XML
        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.2_Ensure_local_login_warning_banner_is_configured_properly"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.871Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/wbissue.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/wbissue.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/wbissue.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>Warning Banner contains: </l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/wbissue.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Warning Banner contains: </li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
        Back to Summary
        Fail

        1.7.3 Ensure remote login warning banner is configured properly

        Description:

        The contents of the /etc/issue.net file are displayed to users prior to login for remote connections from configured services.

        Unix-based systems have typically displayed information about the OS release and patch level upon logging in to the system. This information can be useful to developers who are developing software for a particular OS platform. If mingetty(8) supports the following options, they display operating system information: \m - machine architecture \r - operating system release \s - operating system name \v - operating system version

        Warning messages inform users who are attempting to login to the system of their legal status regarding the system and must include the name of the organization that owns the system and any monitoring policies that are in place. Displaying OS and patch level information in login banners also has the side effect of providing detailed system information to attackers attempting to target specific exploits of a system. Authorized users can easily get this information by running the " uname -a " command once they have logged in.

        Edit the /etc/issue.net file with the appropriate contents according to your site policy, remove any instances of \m , \r , \s , \v or references to the OS platform . Add or update the message text to follow local site policy.

        Example Text:

        # echo "Authorized use only. All activity may be monitored and reported." > /etc/issue.net

        Show Assessment Evidence
        Complex Check
        AND
        Script: sce/wbissue.net.sh
        Result: Fail
        Exit Value: 102
        Output:
        • Warning Banner contains:
        No error lines were collected.


        Show Rule Result XML
        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.3_Ensure_remote_login_warning_banner_is_configured_properly"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.871Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/wbissue.net.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/wbissue.net.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/wbissue.net.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>Warning Banner contains: </l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/wbissue.net.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Warning Banner contains: </li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>
        Back to Summary
        Pass

        1.7.4 Ensure permissions on /etc/motd are configured

        Description:

        The contents of the /etc/motd file are displayed to users after login and function as a message of the day for authenticated users.

        If the /etc/motd file does not have the correct ownership it could be modified by unauthorized users with incorrect or misleading information.

        Run the following commands to set permissions on /etc/motd :

        # chown root:root $(readlink -e /etc/motd)

        # chmod u-x,go-wx $(readlink -e /etc/motd)

        -- OR --

        Run the following command to remove the /etc/motd file:

        # rm /etc/motd

        Show Assessment Evidence
        Complex Check
        OR
        Script: sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh
        Result: Fail
        Exit Value: 102
        Output:
        • FAILED!
        No error lines were collected.
        Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/motd exists and unknown test
        Existence Check: None Exist
        Item Check: All
        Result: Pass
        No matching system items were found.


        Show Rule Result XML
        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etcmotd_are_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.871Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995096_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>FAILED!</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>FAILED!</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995099"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995099">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995099"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure no file named /etc/motd exists and unknown test</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

        References:

          CIS Controls V7.0:

          • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
            CIS Control Information
            Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
            Subcontrol: 14.6
            Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
            Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
            • >

          CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

          • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
            CIS Control Information
            Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
            Safeguard: 3.3
            Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
            Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
            Implementation Group: IG-1
            Security Function: Protect
            • >

          Back to Summary
          Pass

          1.7.5 Ensure permissions on /etc/issue are configured

          Description:

          The contents of the /etc/issue file are displayed to users prior to login for local terminals.

          If the /etc/issue file does not have the correct ownership it could be modified by unauthorized users with incorrect or misleading information.

          Run the following commands to set permissions on /etc/issue :

          # chown root:root $(readlink -e /etc/issue)

          # chmod u-x,go-wx $(readlink -e /etc/issue)

          Show Assessment Evidence
          Complex Check
          AND
          Script: sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh
          Result: Pass
          Exit Value: 101
          Output:
          • PASSED!
          No error lines were collected.


          Show Rule Result XML
          <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etcissue_are_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.871Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995104_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l>PASSED!</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>PASSED!</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

          References:

            CIS Controls V7.0:

            • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
              CIS Control Information
              Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
              Subcontrol: 14.6
              Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
              Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
              • >

            CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

            • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
              CIS Control Information
              Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
              Safeguard: 3.3
              Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
              Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
              Implementation Group: IG-1
              Security Function: Protect
              • >

            Back to Summary
            Pass

            1.7.6 Ensure permissions on /etc/issue.net are configured

            Description:

            The contents of the /etc/issue.net file are displayed to users prior to login for remote connections from configured services.

            If the /etc/issue.net file does not have the correct ownership it could be modified by unauthorized users with incorrect or misleading information.

            Run the following commands to set permissions on /etc/issue.net :

            # chown root:root $(readlink -e /etc/issue.net)

            # chmod u-x,go-wx $(readlink -e /etc/issue.net)

            Show Assessment Evidence
            Complex Check
            AND
            Script: sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh
            Result: Pass
            Exit Value: 101
            Output:
            • PASSED!
            No error lines were collected.


            Show Rule Result XML
            <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.7.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etcissue.net_are_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.871Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995109_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l>PASSED!</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_symlink_file_perm644_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>PASSED!</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

            References:

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                Subcontrol: 14.6
                Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                Safeguard: 3.3
                Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                Implementation Group: IG-1
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary

              1.8 GNOME Display Manager

              The GNOME Display Manager (GDM) is a program that manages graphical display servers and handles graphical user logins.

              Note: If GDM is not installed on the system, this section can be skipped

              Pass

              1.8.1 Ensure GNOME Display Manager is removed

              Description:

              The GNOME Display Manager (GDM) is a program that manages graphical display servers and handles graphical user logins.

              If a Graphical User Interface (GUI) is not required, it should be removed to reduce the attack surface of the system.

              Run the following command to uninstall gdm3 :

              # apt purge gdm3

              Impact:

              Removing the GNOME Display manager will remove the Graphical User Interface (GUI) from the system.

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'gdm3' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'gdm' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.1_Ensure_GNOME_Display_Manager_is_removed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.871Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-11</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995113"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995113">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995113"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'gdm3' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995118"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995118">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995118"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'gdm' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-11

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                Subcontrol: 9.2
                Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                Safeguard: 4.8
                Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Pass

              1.8.2 Ensure GDM login banner is configured

              Description:

              GDM is the GNOME Display Manager which handles graphical login for GNOME based systems.

              Warning messages inform users who are attempting to login to the system of their legal status regarding the system and must include the name of the organization that owns the system and any monitoring policies that are in place.

              Run the following script to verify that the banner message is enabled and set:

              #!/usr/bin/env bash



              {

              l_pkgoutput=""

              if command -v dpkg-query > /dev/null 2>&1; then

              l_pq="dpkg-query -W"

              elif command -v rpm > /dev/null 2>&1; then

              l_pq="rpm -q"

              fi

              l_pcl="gdm gdm3" # Space seporated list of packages to check

              for l_pn in $l_pcl; do

              $l_pq "$l_pn" > /dev/null 2>&1 && l_pkgoutput="$l_pkgoutput\n - Package: \"$l_pn\" exists on the system\n - checking configuration"

              done

              if [ -n "$l_pkgoutput" ]; then



              l_gdmprofile="gdm" # Set this to desired profile name IaW Local site policy

              l_bmessage="'Authorized uses only. All activity may be monitored and reported'" # Set to desired banner message

              if [ ! -f "/etc/dconf/profile/$l_gdmprofile" ]; then

              echo "Creating profile \"$l_gdmprofile\""

              echo -e "user-db:user\nsystem-db:$l_gdmprofile\nfile-db:/usr/share/$l_gdmprofile/greeter-dconf-defaults" > /etc/dconf/profile/$l_gdmprofile

              fi

              if [ ! -d "/etc/dconf/db/$l_gdmprofile.d/" ]; then

              echo "Creating dconf database directory \"/etc/dconf/db/$l_gdmprofile.d/\""

              mkdir /etc/dconf/db/$l_gdmprofile.d/

              fi

              if ! grep -Piq '^\h*banner-message-enable\h*=\h*true\b' /etc/dconf/db/$l_gdmprofile.d/*; then

              echo "creating gdm keyfile for machine-wide settings"

              if ! grep -Piq -- '^\h*banner-message-enable\h*=\h*' /etc/dconf/db/$l_gdmprofile.d/*; then

              l_kfile="/etc/dconf/db/$l_gdmprofile.d/01-banner-message"

              echo -e "\n[org/gnome/login-screen]\nbanner-message-enable=true" >> "$l_kfile"

              else

              l_kfile="$(grep -Pil -- '^\h*banner-message-enable\h*=\h*' /etc/dconf/db/$l_gdmprofile.d/*)"

              ! grep -Pq '^\h*\[org\/gnome\/login-screen\]' "$l_kfile" && sed -ri '/^\s*banner-message-enable/ i\[org/gnome/login-screen]' "$l_kfile"

              ! grep -Pq '^\h*banner-message-enable\h*=\h*true\b' "$l_kfile" && sed -ri 's/^\s*(banner-message-enable\s*=\s*)(\S+)(\s*.*$)/\1true \3//' "$l_kfile"

              # sed -ri '/^\s*\[org\/gnome\/login-screen\]/ a\\nbanner-message-enable=true' "$l_kfile"

              fi

              fi

              if ! grep -Piq "^\h*banner-message-text=[\'\"]+\S+" "$l_kfile"; then

              sed -ri "/^\s*banner-message-enable/ a\banner-message-text=$l_bmessage" "$l_kfile"

              fi

              dconf update

              else

              echo -e "\n\n - GNOME Desktop Manager isn't installed\n - Recommendation is Not Applicable\n - No remediation required\n"

              fi

              }

              Note:

              • There is no character limit for the banner message. gnome-shell autodetects longer stretches of text and enters two column mode.

              • The banner message cannot be read from an external file.

                OR

              Run the following command to remove the gdm3 package:

              # apt purge gdm3

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              OR
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'gdm3' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'gdm' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.
              Script: sce/nix_gdm_login_banner_configured_chk.sh
              Result: Fail
              Exit Value: 102
              Output:
              • - Audit Result:
              • ** FAIL **
              • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
              • - The "banner-message-enable" option isn't configured
              No error lines were collected.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.2_Ensure_GDM_login_banner_is_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.872Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">https://help.gnome.org/admin/system-admin-guide/stable/login-banner.html.en</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1,CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995128"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995128">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995128"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure package name equals 'gdm3' is not installed</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995133"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995133">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995133"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure package name equals 'gdm' is not installed</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_gdm_login_banner_configured_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_gdm_login_banner_configured_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_gdm_login_banner_configured_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - The "banner-message-enable" option isn't configured</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_gdm_login_banner_configured_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - The "banner-message-enable" option isn't configured</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: https://help.gnome.org/admin/system-admin-guide/stable/login-banner.html.en
              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1,CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5

              Back to Summary
              Pass

              1.8.3 Ensure GDM disable-user-list option is enabled

              Description:

              GDM is the GNOME Display Manager which handles graphical login for GNOME based systems.

              The disable-user-list option controls if a list of users is displayed on the login screen

              Displaying the user list eliminates half of the Userid/Password equation that an unauthorized person would need to log on.

              Run the following script to enable the disable-user-list option:

              Note: the l_gdm_profile variable in the script can be changed if a different profile name is desired in accordance with local site policy.

              #!/usr/bin/env bash



              {

              l_gdmprofile="gdm"

              if [ ! -f "/etc/dconf/profile/$l_gdmprofile" ]; then

              echo "Creating profile \"$l_gdmprofile\""

              echo -e "user-db:user\nsystem-db:$l_gdmprofile\nfile-db:/usr/share/$l_gdmprofile/greeter-dconf-defaults" > /etc/dconf/profile/$l_gdmprofile

              fi

              if [ ! -d "/etc/dconf/db/$l_gdmprofile.d/" ]; then

              echo "Creating dconf database directory \"/etc/dconf/db/$l_gdmprofile.d/\""

              mkdir /etc/dconf/db/$l_gdmprofile.d/

              fi

              if ! grep -Piq '^\h*disable-user-list\h*=\h*true\b' /etc/dconf/db/$l_gdmprofile.d/*; then

              echo "creating gdm keyfile for machine-wide settings"

              if ! grep -Piq -- '^\h*\[org\/gnome\/login-screen\]' /etc/dconf/db/$l_gdmprofile.d/*; then

              echo -e "\n[org/gnome/login-screen]\n# Do not show the user list\ndisable-user-list=true" >> /etc/dconf/db/$l_gdmprofile.d/00-login-screen

              else

              sed -ri '/^\s*\[org\/gnome\/login-screen\]/ a\# Do not show the user list\ndisable-user-list=true' $(grep -Pil -- '^\h*\[org\/gnome\/login-screen\]' /etc/dconf/db/$l_gdmprofile.d/*)

              fi

              fi

              dconf update

              }

              Note: When the user profile is created or changed, the user will need to log out and log in again before the changes will be applied.

              OR

              Run the following command to remove the GNOME package:

              # apt purge gdm3

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              OR
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'gdm3' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'gdm' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.
              Script: sce/nix_gdm_disable_user_list_chk.sh
              Result: Fail
              Exit Value: 102
              Output:
              • - Audit Result:
              • *** FAIL: ***
              • - The "disable-user-list" option is not enabled
              No error lines were collected.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.3_Ensure_GDM_disable-user-list_option_is_enabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.873Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">https://help.gnome.org/admin/system-admin-guide/stable/login-userlist-disable.html.en</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1,CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995142"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995142">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995142"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure package name equals 'gdm3' is not installed</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995147"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995147">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995147"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure package name equals 'gdm' is not installed</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_gdm_disable_user_list_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_gdm_disable_user_list_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_gdm_disable_user_list_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>   *** FAIL: ***</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - The "disable-user-list" option is not enabled</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_gdm_disable_user_list_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>   *** FAIL: ***</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - The "disable-user-list" option is not enabled</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: https://help.gnome.org/admin/system-admin-guide/stable/login-userlist-disable.html.en
              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1,CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5

              Back to Summary
              Pass

              1.8.4 Ensure GDM screen locks when the user is idle

              Description:

              GNOME Desktop Manager can make the screen lock automatically whenever the user is idle for some amount of time.

              • idle-delay=uint32 {n} - Number of seconds of inactivity before the screen goes blank
              • lock-delay=uint32 {n} - Number of seconds after the screen is blank before locking the screen

              Example key file:

              # Specify the dconf path

              [org/gnome/desktop/session]



              # Number of seconds of inactivity before the screen goes blank

              # Set to 0 seconds if you want to deactivate the screensaver.

              idle-delay=uint32 900



              # Specify the dconf path

              [org/gnome/desktop/screensaver]



              # Number of seconds after the screen is blank before locking the screen

              lock-delay=uint32 5

              Setting a lock-out value reduces the window of opportunity for unauthorized user access to another user's session that has been left unattended.

              Create or edit a file in the /etc/dconf/profile/ and verify it includes the following:

              user-db:user

              system-db:{NAME_OF_DCONF_DATABASE}

              Note:local is the name of a dconf database used in the examples.

              Example:

              # echo -e '\nuser-db:user\nsystem-db:local' >> /etc/dconf/profile/user

              Create the directory /etc/dconf/db/{NAME_OF_DCONF_DATABASE}.d/ if it doesn't already exist:

              Example:

              # mkdir /etc/dconf/db/local.d

              Create the key file `/etc/dconf/db/{NAME_OF_DCONF_DATABASE}.d/{FILE_NAME} to provide information for the {NAME_OF_DCONF_DATABASE} database:

              Example script:

              #!/usr/bin/env bash



              {

              l_key_file="/etc/dconf/db/local.d/00-screensaver"

              l_idmv="900" # Set max value for idle-delay in seconds (between 1 and 900)

              l_ldmv="5" # Set max value for lock-delay in seconds (between 0 and 5)

              {

              echo '# Specify the dconf path'

              echo '[org/gnome/desktop/session]'

              echo ''

              echo '# Number of seconds of inactivity before the screen goes blank'

              echo '# Set to 0 seconds if you want to deactivate the screensaver.'

              echo "idle-delay=uint32 $l_idmv"

              echo ''

              echo '# Specify the dconf path'

              echo '[org/gnome/desktop/screensaver]'

              echo ''

              echo '# Number of seconds after the screen is blank before locking the screen'

              echo "lock-delay=uint32 $l_ldmv"

              } > "$l_key_file"

              }

              Note: You must include the uint32 along with the integer key values as shown.

              Run the following command to update the system databases:

              # dconf update

              Note: Users must log out and back in again before the system-wide settings take effect.

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              OR
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'gdm3' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'gdm' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.
              Script: sce/nix_gdm_screen_lock_chk.sh
              Result: Fail
              Exit Value: 102
              Output:
              • - Audit Result:
              • ** FAIL **
              • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
              • - The "idle-delay" option doesn't exist, remaining tests skipped
              No error lines were collected.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.4_Ensure_GDM_screen_locks_when_the_user_is_idle"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.874Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/11"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">https://help.gnome.org/admin/system-admin-guide/stable/desktop-lockscreen.html.en</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1,CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995158"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995158">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995158"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure package name equals 'gdm3' is not installed</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995161"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995161">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995161"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure package name equals 'gdm' is not installed</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995154_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_gdm_screen_lock_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_gdm_screen_lock_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_gdm_screen_lock_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - The "idle-delay" option doesn't exist, remaining tests skipped</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_gdm_screen_lock_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - The "idle-delay" option doesn't exist, remaining tests skipped</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: https://help.gnome.org/admin/system-admin-guide/stable/desktop-lockscreen.html.en
              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1,CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them.
                Subcontrol: 16.11
                Label: Lock Workstation Sessions After Inactivity
                Description: Automatically lock workstation sessions after a standard period of inactivity.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                Safeguard: 4.3
                Label: Configure Automatic Session Locking on Enterprise Assets
                Description: Configure automatic session locking on enterprise assets after a defined period of inactivity. For general purpose operating systems, the period must not exceed 15 minutes. For mobile end-user devices, the period must not exceed 2 minutes.
                Implementation Group: IG-1
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Pass

              1.8.5 Ensure GDM screen locks cannot be overridden

              Description:

              GNOME Desktop Manager can make the screen lock automatically whenever the user is idle for some amount of time.

              By using the lockdown mode in dconf, you can prevent users from changing specific settings.

              To lock down a dconf key or subpath, create a locks subdirectory in the keyfile directory. The files inside this directory contain a list of keys or subpaths to lock. Just as with the keyfiles, you may add any number of files to this directory.

              Example Lock File:

              # Lock desktop screensaver settings

              /org/gnome/desktop/session/idle-delay

              /org/gnome/desktop/screensaver/lock-delay

              Setting a lock-out value reduces the window of opportunity for unauthorized user access to another user's session that has been left unattended.

              Without locking down the system settings, user settings take precedence over the system settings.

              Run the following script to ensure screen locks can not be overridden:

              #!/usr/bin/env bash



              {

              # Check if GNMOE Desktop Manager is installed. If package isn't installed, recommendation is Not Applicable\n

              # determine system's package manager

              l_pkgoutput=""

              if command -v dpkg-query > /dev/null 2>&1; then

              l_pq="dpkg-query -W"

              elif command -v rpm > /dev/null 2>&1; then

              l_pq="rpm -q"

              fi

              # Check if GDM is installed

              l_pcl="gdm gdm3" # Space seporated list of packages to check

              for l_pn in $l_pcl; do

              $l_pq "$l_pn" > /dev/null 2>&1 && l_pkgoutput="y" && echo -e "\n - Package: \"$l_pn\" exists on the system\n - remediating configuration if needed"

              done

              # Check configuration (If applicable)

              if [ -n "$l_pkgoutput" ]; then

              # Look for idle-delay to determine profile in use, needed for remaining tests

              l_kfd="/etc/dconf/db/$(grep -Psril '^\h*idle-delay\h*=\h*uint32\h+\d+\b' /etc/dconf/db/*/ | awk -F'/' '{split($(NF-1),a,".");print a[1]}').d" #set directory of key file to be locked

              # Look for lock-delay to determine profile in use, needed for remaining tests

              l_kfd2="/etc/dconf/db/$(grep -Psril '^\h*lock-delay\h*=\h*uint32\h+\d+\b' /etc/dconf/db/*/ | awk -F'/' '{split($(NF-1),a,".");print a[1]}').d" #set directory of key file to be locked

              if [ -d "$l_kfd" ]; then # If key file directory doesn't exist, options can't be locked

              if grep -Prilq '^\h*\/org\/gnome\/desktop\/session\/idle-delay\b' "$l_kfd"; then

              echo " - \"idle-delay\" is locked in \"$(grep -Pril '^\h*\/org\/gnome\/desktop\/session\/idle-delay\b' "$l_kfd")\""

              else

              echo "creating entry to lock \"idle-delay\""

              [ ! -d "$l_kfd"/locks ] && echo "creating directory $l_kfd/locks" && mkdir "$l_kfd"/locks

              {

              echo -e '\n# Lock desktop screensaver idle-delay setting'

              echo '/org/gnome/desktop/session/idle-delay'

              } >> "$l_kfd"/locks/00-screensaver

              fi

              else

              echo -e " - \"idle-delay\" is not set so it can not be locked\n - Please follow Recommendation \"Ensure GDM screen locks when the user is idle\" and follow this Recommendation again"

              fi

              if [ -d "$l_kfd2" ]; then # If key file directory doesn't exist, options can't be locked

              if grep -Prilq '^\h*\/org\/gnome\/desktop\/screensaver\/lock-delay\b' "$l_kfd2"; then

              echo " - \"lock-delay\" is locked in \"$(grep -Pril '^\h*\/org\/gnome\/desktop\/screensaver\/lock-delay\b' "$l_kfd2")\""

              else

              echo "creating entry to lock \"lock-delay\""

              [ ! -d "$l_kfd2"/locks ] && echo "creating directory $l_kfd2/locks" && mkdir "$l_kfd2"/locks

              {

              echo -e '\n# Lock desktop screensaver lock-delay setting'

              echo '/org/gnome/desktop/screensaver/lock-delay'

              } >> "$l_kfd2"/locks/00-screensaver

              fi

              else

              echo -e " - \"lock-delay\" is not set so it can not be locked\n - Please follow Recommendation \"Ensure GDM screen locks when the user is idle\" and follow this Recommendation again"

              fi

              else

              echo -e " - GNOME Desktop Manager package is not installed on the system\n - Recommendation is not applicable"

              fi

              }

              Run the following command to update the system databases:

              # dconf update

              Note: Users must log out and back in again before the system-wide settings take effect.

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              OR
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'gdm3' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'gdm' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.
              Script: sce/nix_gdm_screen_lock_override_chk.sh
              Result: Fail
              Exit Value: 102
              Output:
              • - Audit Result:
              • ** FAIL **
              • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
              • - "idle-delay" is not set so it can not be locked
              • - "lock-delay" is not set so it can not be locked
              No error lines were collected.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.5_Ensure_GDM_screen_locks_cannot_be_overridden"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.874Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/11"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">https://help.gnome.org/admin/system-admin-guide/stable/desktop-lockscreen.html.en</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">https://help.gnome.org/admin/system-admin-guide/stable/dconf-lockdown.html.en</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-11</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:4043350"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:4043350">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:4043350"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure package name equals 'gdm3' is not installed</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:4043351"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:4043351">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:4043351"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure package name equals 'gdm' is not installed</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_gdm_screen_lock_override_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_gdm_screen_lock_override_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_gdm_screen_lock_override_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - "idle-delay" is not set so it can not be locked</l>
                  <l> - "lock-delay" is not set so it can not be locked</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_gdm_screen_lock_override_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - "idle-delay" is not set so it can not be locked</li>
                              <li> - "lock-delay" is not set so it can not be locked</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: https://help.gnome.org/admin/system-admin-guide/stable/desktop-lockscreen.html.en
              • URL: https://help.gnome.org/admin/system-admin-guide/stable/dconf-lockdown.html.en
              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-11

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them.
                Subcontrol: 16.11
                Label: Lock Workstation Sessions After Inactivity
                Description: Automatically lock workstation sessions after a standard period of inactivity.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                Safeguard: 4.3
                Label: Configure Automatic Session Locking on Enterprise Assets
                Description: Configure automatic session locking on enterprise assets after a defined period of inactivity. For general purpose operating systems, the period must not exceed 15 minutes. For mobile end-user devices, the period must not exceed 2 minutes.
                Implementation Group: IG-1
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Pass

              1.8.6 Ensure GDM automatic mounting of removable media is disabled

              Description:

              By default GNOME automatically mounts removable media when inserted as a convenience to the user.

              With automounting enabled anyone with physical access could attach a USB drive or disc and have its contents available in system even if they lacked permissions to mount it themselves.

              Run the following script to disable automatic mounting of media for all GNOME users:

              #!/usr/bin/env bash



              {

              l_pkgoutput="" l_output="" l_output2=""

              l_gpname="local" # Set to desired dconf profile name (defaule is local)

              # Check if GNOME Desktop Manager is installed. If package isn't installed, recommendation is Not Applicable\n

              # determine system's package manager

              if command -v dpkg-query > /dev/null 2>&1; then

              l_pq="dpkg-query -W"

              elif command -v rpm > /dev/null 2>&1; then

              l_pq="rpm -q"

              fi

              # Check if GDM is installed

              l_pcl="gdm gdm3" # Space seporated list of packages to check

              for l_pn in $l_pcl; do

              $l_pq "$l_pn" > /dev/null 2>&1 && l_pkgoutput="$l_pkgoutput\n - Package: \"$l_pn\" exists on the system\n - checking configuration"

              done

              echo -e "$l_packageout"

              # Check configuration (If applicable)

              if [ -n "$l_pkgoutput" ]; then

              echo -e "$l_pkgoutput"

              # Look for existing settings and set variables if they exist

              l_kfile="$(grep -Prils -- '^\h*automount\b' /etc/dconf/db/*.d)"

              l_kfile2="$(grep -Prils -- '^\h*automount-open\b' /etc/dconf/db/*.d)"

              # Set profile name based on dconf db directory ({PROFILE_NAME}.d)

              if [ -f "$l_kfile" ]; then

              l_gpname="$(awk -F\/ '{split($(NF-1),a,".");print a[1]}' <<< "$l_kfile")"

              echo " - updating dconf profile name to \"$l_gpname\""

              elif [ -f "$l_kfile2" ]; then

              l_gpname="$(awk -F\/ '{split($(NF-1),a,".");print a[1]}' <<< "$l_kfile2")"

              echo " - updating dconf profile name to \"$l_gpname\""

              fi

              # check for consistency (Clean up configuration if needed)

              if [ -f "$l_kfile" ] && [ "$(awk -F\/ '{split($(NF-1),a,".");print a[1]}' <<< "$l_kfile")" != "$l_gpname" ]; then

              sed -ri "/^\s*automount\s*=/s/^/# /" "$l_kfile"

              l_kfile="/etc/dconf/db/$l_gpname.d/00-media-automount"

              fi

              if [ -f "$l_kfile2" ] && [ "$(awk -F\/ '{split($(NF-1),a,".");print a[1]}' <<< "$l_kfile2")" != "$l_gpname" ]; then

              sed -ri "/^\s*automount-open\s*=/s/^/# /" "$l_kfile2"

              fi

              [ -z "$l_kfile" ] && l_kfile="/etc/dconf/db/$l_gpname.d/00-media-automount"

              # Check if profile file exists

              if grep -Pq -- "^\h*system-db:$l_gpname\b" /etc/dconf/profile/*; then

              echo -e "\n - dconf database profile exists in: \"$(grep -Pl -- "^\h*system-db:$l_gpname\b" /etc/dconf/profile/*)\""

              else

              [ ! -f "/etc/dconf/profile/user" ] && l_gpfile="/etc/dconf/profile/user" || l_gpfile="/etc/dconf/profile/user2"

              echo -e " - creating dconf database profile"

              {

              echo -e "\nuser-db:user"

              echo "system-db:$l_gpname"

              } >> "$l_gpfile"

              fi

              # create dconf directory if it doesn't exists

              l_gpdir="/etc/dconf/db/$l_gpname.d"

              if [ -d "$l_gpdir" ]; then

              echo " - The dconf database directory \"$l_gpdir\" exists"

              else

              echo " - creating dconf database directory \"$l_gpdir\""

              mkdir "$l_gpdir"

              fi

              # check automount-open setting

              if grep -Pqs -- '^\h*automount-open\h*=\h*false\b' "$l_kfile"; then

              echo " - \"automount-open\" is set to false in: \"$l_kfile\""

              else

              echo " - creating \"automount-open\" entry in \"$l_kfile\""

              ! grep -Psq -- '\^\h*\[org\/gnome\/desktop\/media-handling\]\b' "$l_kfile" && echo '[org/gnome/desktop/media-handling]' >> "$l_kfile"

              sed -ri '/^\s*\[org\/gnome\/desktop\/media-handling\]/a \\nautomount-open=false' "$l_kfile"

              fi

              # check automount setting

              if grep -Pqs -- '^\h*automount\h*=\h*false\b' "$l_kfile"; then

              echo " - \"automount\" is set to false in: \"$l_kfile\""

              else

              echo " - creating \"automount\" entry in \"$l_kfile\""

              ! grep -Psq -- '\^\h*\[org\/gnome\/desktop\/media-handling\]\b' "$l_kfile" && echo '[org/gnome/desktop/media-handling]' >> "$l_kfile"

              sed -ri '/^\s*\[org\/gnome\/desktop\/media-handling\]/a \\nautomount=false' "$l_kfile"

              fi

              else

              echo -e "\n - GNOME Desktop Manager package is not installed on the system\n - Recommendation is not applicable"

              fi

              # update dconf database

              dconf update

              }

              OR

              Run the following command to uninstall the GNOME desktop Manager package:

              # apt purge gdm3

              Impact:

              The use of portable hard drives is very common for workstation users. If your organization allows the use of portable storage or media on workstations and physical access controls to workstations is considered adequate there is little value add in turning off automounting.

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              OR
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'gdm3' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'gdm' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.
              Script: sce/nix_gdm_automount_chk.sh
              Result: Fail
              Exit Value: 102
              Output:
              • - Audit Result:
              • ** FAIL **
              • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
              • - neither "automount" or "automount-open" is set
              No error lines were collected.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.6_Ensure_GDM_automatic_mounting_of_removable_media_is_disabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.875Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/10/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">https://access.redhat.com/solutions/20107</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1,CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995186"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995186">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995186"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure package name equals 'gdm3' is not installed</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995190"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995190">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995190"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure package name equals 'gdm' is not installed</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_gdm_automount_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_gdm_automount_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_gdm_automount_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - neither "automount" or "automount-open" is set</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_gdm_automount_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - neither "automount" or "automount-open" is set</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: https://access.redhat.com/solutions/20107
              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1,CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 8: Malware Defenses: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Control the installation, spread, and execution of malicious code at multiple points in the enterprise, while optimizing the use of automation to enable rapid updating of defense, data gathering, and corrective action.
                Subcontrol: 8.5
                Label: Configure Devices Not To Auto-Run Content
                Description: Configure devices to not auto-run content from removable media.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 10: Malware Defenses: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Prevent or control the installation, spread, and execution of malicious applications, code, or scripts on enterprise assets.
                Safeguard: 10.3
                Label: Disable Autorun and Autoplay for Removable Media
                Description: Disable autorun and autoplay auto-execute functionality for removable media.
                Implementation Group: IG-1
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Pass

              1.8.7 Ensure GDM disabling automatic mounting of removable media is not overridden

              Description:

              By default GNOME automatically mounts removable media when inserted as a convenience to the user

              By using the lockdown mode in dconf, you can prevent users from changing specific settings.

              To lock down a dconf key or subpath, create a locks subdirectory in the keyfile directory. The files inside this directory contain a list of keys or subpaths to lock. Just as with the keyfiles, you may add any number of files to this directory.

              Example Lock File:

              # Lock desktop screensaver settings

              /org/gnome/desktop/media-handling/automount

              /org/gnome/desktop/media-handling/automount-open

              With automounting enabled anyone with physical access could attach a USB drive or disc and have its contents available in system even if they lacked permissions to mount it themselves.

              Run the following script to lock disable automatic mounting of media for all GNOME users:

              #!/usr/bin/env bash



              {

              # Check if GNMOE Desktop Manager is installed. If package isn't installed, recommendation is Not Applicable\n

              # determine system's package manager

              l_pkgoutput=""

              if command -v dpkg-query > /dev/null 2>&1; then

              l_pq="dpkg-query -W"

              elif command -v rpm > /dev/null 2>&1; then

              l_pq="rpm -q"

              fi

              # Check if GDM is installed

              l_pcl="gdm gdm3" # Space seporated list of packages to check

              for l_pn in $l_pcl; do

              $l_pq "$l_pn" > /dev/null 2>&1 && l_pkgoutput="y" && echo -e "\n - Package: \"$l_pn\" exists on the system\n - remediating configuration if needed"

              done

              # Check configuration (If applicable)

              if [ -n "$l_pkgoutput" ]; then

              # Look for automount to determine profile in use, needed for remaining tests

              l_kfd="/etc/dconf/db/$(grep -Psril '^\h*automount\b' /etc/dconf/db/*/ | awk -F'/' '{split($(NF-1),a,".");print a[1]}').d" #set directory of key file to be locked

              # Look for automount-open to determine profile in use, needed for remaining tests

              l_kfd2="/etc/dconf/db/$(grep -Psril '^\h*automount-open\b' /etc/dconf/db/*/ | awk -F'/' '{split($(NF-1),a,".");print a[1]}').d" #set directory of key file to be locked

              if [ -d "$l_kfd" ]; then # If key file directory doesn't exist, options can't be locked

              if grep -Priq '^\h*\/org/gnome\/desktop\/media-handling\/automount\b' "$l_kfd"; then

              echo " - \"automount\" is locked in \"$(grep -Pril '^\h*\/org/gnome\/desktop\/media-handling\/automount\b' "$l_kfd")\""

              else

              echo " - creating entry to lock \"automount\""

              [ ! -d "$l_kfd"/locks ] && echo "creating directory $l_kfd/locks" && mkdir "$l_kfd"/locks

              {

              echo -e '\n# Lock desktop media-handling automount setting'

              echo '/org/gnome/desktop/media-handling/automount'

              } >> "$l_kfd"/locks/00-media-automount

              fi

              else

              echo -e " - \"automount\" is not set so it can not be locked\n - Please follow Recommendation \"Ensure GDM automatic mounting of removable media is disabled\" and follow this Recommendation again"

              fi

              if [ -d "$l_kfd2" ]; then # If key file directory doesn't exist, options can't be locked

              if grep -Priq '^\h*\/org/gnome\/desktop\/media-handling\/automount-open\b' "$l_kfd2"; then

              echo " - \"automount-open\" is locked in \"$(grep -Pril '^\h*\/org/gnome\/desktop\/media-handling\/automount-open\b' "$l_kfd2")\""

              else

              echo " - creating entry to lock \"automount-open\""

              [ ! -d "$l_kfd2"/locks ] && echo "creating directory $l_kfd2/locks" && mkdir "$l_kfd2"/locks

              {

              echo -e '\n# Lock desktop media-handling automount-open setting'

              echo '/org/gnome/desktop/media-handling/automount-open'

              } >> "$l_kfd2"/locks/00-media-automount

              fi

              else

              echo -e " - \"automount-open\" is not set so it can not be locked\n - Please follow Recommendation \"Ensure GDM automatic mounting of removable media is disabled\" and follow this Recommendation again"

              fi

              # update dconf database

              dconf update

              else

              echo -e " - GNOME Desktop Manager package is not installed on the system\n - Recommendation is not applicable"

              fi

              }

              Impact:

              The use of portable hard drives is very common for workstation users

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              OR
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'gdm3' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'gdm' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.
              Script: sce/nix_gdm_automount_locked_chk.sh
              Result: Fail
              Exit Value: 102
              Output:
              • - Audit Result:
              • ** FAIL **
              • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
              • - neither "automount" or "automount-open" is set
              No error lines were collected.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.7_Ensure_GDM_disabling_automatic_mounting_of_removable_media_is_not_overridden"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.875Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">https://help.gnome.org/admin/system-admin-guide/stable/dconf-lockdown.html.en</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1,CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995197"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995197">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995197"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure package name equals 'gdm3' is not installed</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995199"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995199">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995199"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure package name equals 'gdm' is not installed</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_gdm_automount_locked_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_gdm_automount_locked_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_gdm_automount_locked_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - neither "automount" or "automount-open" is set</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_gdm_automount_locked_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - neither "automount" or "automount-open" is set</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: https://help.gnome.org/admin/system-admin-guide/stable/dconf-lockdown.html.en
              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1,CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5

              Back to Summary
              Pass

              1.8.8 Ensure GDM autorun-never is enabled

              Description:

              The autorun-never setting allows the GNOME Desktop Display Manager to disable autorun through GDM.

              Malware on removable media may taking advantage of Autorun features when the media is inserted into a system and execute.

              Run the following script to set autorun-never to true for GDM users:

              #!/usr/bin/env bash



              {

              l_pkgoutput="" l_output="" l_output2=""

              l_gpname="local" # Set to desired dconf profile name (default is local)

              # Check if GNOME Desktop Manager is installed. If package isn't installed, recommendation is Not Applicable\n

              # determine system's package manager

              if command -v dpkg-query > /dev/null 2>&1; then

              l_pq="dpkg-query -W"

              elif command -v rpm > /dev/null 2>&1; then

              l_pq="rpm -q"

              fi

              # Check if GDM is installed

              l_pcl="gdm gdm3" # Space separated list of packages to check

              for l_pn in $l_pcl; do

              $l_pq "$l_pn" > /dev/null 2>&1 && l_pkgoutput="$l_pkgoutput\n - Package: \"$l_pn\" exists on the system\n - checking configuration"

              done

              echo -e "$l_pkgoutput"

              # Check configuration (If applicable)

              if [ -n "$l_pkgoutput" ]; then

              echo -e "$l_pkgoutput"

              # Look for existing settings and set variables if they exist

              l_kfile="$(grep -Prils -- '^\h*autorun-never\b' /etc/dconf/db/*.d)"

              # Set profile name based on dconf db directory ({PROFILE_NAME}.d)

              if [ -f "$l_kfile" ]; then

              l_gpname="$(awk -F\/ '{split($(NF-1),a,".");print a[1]}' <<< "$l_kfile")"

              echo " - updating dconf profile name to \"$l_gpname\""

              fi

              [ ! -f "$l_kfile" ] && l_kfile="/etc/dconf/db/$l_gpname.d/00-media-autorun"

              # Check if profile file exists

              if grep -Pq -- "^\h*system-db:$l_gpname\b" /etc/dconf/profile/*; then

              echo -e "\n - dconf database profile exists in: \"$(grep -Pl -- "^\h*system-db:$l_gpname\b" /etc/dconf/profile/*)\""

              else

              [ ! -f "/etc/dconf/profile/user" ] && l_gpfile="/etc/dconf/profile/user" || l_gpfile="/etc/dconf/profile/user2"

              echo -e " - creating dconf database profile"

              {

              echo -e "\nuser-db:user"

              echo "system-db:$l_gpname"

              } >> "$l_gpfile"

              fi

              # create dconf directory if it doesn't exists

              l_gpdir="/etc/dconf/db/$l_gpname.d"

              if [ -d "$l_gpdir" ]; then

              echo " - The dconf database directory \"$l_gpdir\" exists"

              else

              echo " - creating dconf database directory \"$l_gpdir\""

              mkdir "$l_gpdir"

              fi

              # check autorun-never setting

              if grep -Pqs -- '^\h*autorun-never\h*=\h*true\b' "$l_kfile"; then

              echo " - \"autorun-never\" is set to true in: \"$l_kfile\""

              else

              echo " - creating or updating \"autorun-never\" entry in \"$l_kfile\""

              if grep -Psq -- '^\h*autorun-never' "$l_kfile"; then

              sed -ri 's/(^\s*autorun-never\s*=\s*)(\S+)(\s*.*)$/\1true \3/' "$l_kfile"

              else

              ! grep -Psq -- '\^\h*\[org\/gnome\/desktop\/media-handling\]\b' "$l_kfile" && echo '[org/gnome/desktop/media-handling]' >> "$l_kfile"

              sed -ri '/^\s*\[org\/gnome\/desktop\/media-handling\]/a \\nautorun-never=true' "$l_kfile"

              fi

              fi

              else

              echo -e "\n - GNOME Desktop Manager package is not installed on the system\n - Recommendation is not applicable"

              fi

              # update dconf database

              dconf update

              }

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              OR
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'gdm3' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'gdm' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.
              Script: sce/nix_gdm_autorun_never_chk.sh
              Result: Fail
              Exit Value: 102
              Output:
              • - Audit Result:
              • ** FAIL **
              • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
              • - "autorun-never" is not set
              No error lines were collected.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.8_Ensure_GDM_autorun-never_is_enabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.876Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/10/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1,CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995207"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995207">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995207"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure package name equals 'gdm3' is not installed</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995211"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995211">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995211"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure package name equals 'gdm' is not installed</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_gdm_autorun_never_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_gdm_autorun_never_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_gdm_autorun_never_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - "autorun-never" is not set</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_gdm_autorun_never_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - "autorun-never" is not set</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1,CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 8: Malware Defenses: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Control the installation, spread, and execution of malicious code at multiple points in the enterprise, while optimizing the use of automation to enable rapid updating of defense, data gathering, and corrective action.
                Subcontrol: 8.5
                Label: Configure Devices Not To Auto-Run Content
                Description: Configure devices to not auto-run content from removable media.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 10: Malware Defenses: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Prevent or control the installation, spread, and execution of malicious applications, code, or scripts on enterprise assets.
                Safeguard: 10.3
                Label: Disable Autorun and Autoplay for Removable Media
                Description: Disable autorun and autoplay auto-execute functionality for removable media.
                Implementation Group: IG-1
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Pass

              1.8.9 Ensure GDM autorun-never is not overridden

              Description:

              The autorun-never setting allows the GNOME Desktop Display Manager to disable autorun through GDM.

              By using the lockdown mode in dconf, you can prevent users from changing specific settings.

              To lock down a dconf key or subpath, create a locks subdirectory in the keyfile directory. The files inside this directory contain a list of keys or subpaths to lock. Just as with the keyfiles, you may add any number of files to this directory.

              Example Lock File:

              # Lock desktop media-handling settings

              /org/gnome/desktop/media-handling/autorun-never

              Malware on removable media may taking advantage of Autorun features when the media is inserted into a system and execute.

              Run the following script to ensure that autorun-never=true cannot be overridden:

              #!/usr/bin/env bash



              {

              # Check if GNOME Desktop Manager is installed. If package isn't installed, recommendation is Not Applicable\n

              # determine system's package manager

              l_pkgoutput=""

              if command -v dpkg-query > /dev/null 2>&1; then

              l_pq="dpkg-query -W"

              elif command -v rpm > /dev/null 2>&1; then

              l_pq="rpm -q"

              fi

              # Check if GDM is installed

              l_pcl="gdm gdm3" # Space separated list of packages to check

              for l_pn in $l_pcl; do

              $l_pq "$l_pn" > /dev/null 2>&1 && l_pkgoutput="y" && echo -e "\n - Package: \"$l_pn\" exists on the system\n - remediating configuration if needed"

              done

              # Check configuration (If applicable)

              if [ -n "$l_pkgoutput" ]; then

              # Look for autorun to determine profile in use, needed for remaining tests

              l_kfd="/etc/dconf/db/$(grep -Psril '^\h*autorun-never\b' /etc/dconf/db/*/ | awk -F'/' '{split($(NF-1),a,".");print a[1]}').d" #set directory of key file to be locked

              if [ -d "$l_kfd" ]; then # If key file directory doesn't exist, options can't be locked

              if grep -Prisq '^\h*\/org/gnome\/desktop\/media-handling\/autorun-never\b' "$l_kfd"; then

              echo " - \"autorun-never\" is locked in \"$(grep -Pril '^\h*\/org/gnome\/desktop\/media-handling\/autorun-never\b' "$l_kfd")\""

              else

              echo " - creating entry to lock \"autorun-never\""

              [ ! -d "$l_kfd"/locks ] && echo "creating directory $l_kfd/locks" && mkdir "$l_kfd"/locks

              {

              echo -e '\n# Lock desktop media-handling autorun-never setting'

              echo '/org/gnome/desktop/media-handling/autorun-never'

              } >> "$l_kfd"/locks/00-media-autorun

              fi

              else

              echo -e " - \"autorun-never\" is not set so it can not be locked\n - Please follow Recommendation \"Ensure GDM autorun-never is enabled\" and follow this Recommendation again"

              fi

              # update dconf database

              dconf update

              else

              echo -e " - GNOME Desktop Manager package is not installed on the system\n - Recommendation is not applicable"

              fi

              }

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              OR
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'gdm3' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'gdm' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.
              Script: sce/nix_gdm_autorun_never_override_chk.sh
              Result: Fail
              Exit Value: 102
              Output:
              • - Audit Result:
              • ** FAIL **
              • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
              • - "autorun-never" is not set so it can not be locked
              No error lines were collected.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.9_Ensure_GDM_autorun-never_is_not_overridden"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.877Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/10/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1,CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995219"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995219">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995219"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure package name equals 'gdm3' is not installed</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995223"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995223">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995223"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure package name equals 'gdm' is not installed</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_gdm_autorun_never_override_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_gdm_autorun_never_override_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_gdm_autorun_never_override_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - "autorun-never" is not set so it can not be locked</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_gdm_autorun_never_override_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - "autorun-never" is not set so it can not be locked</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1,CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 8: Malware Defenses: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Control the installation, spread, and execution of malicious code at multiple points in the enterprise, while optimizing the use of automation to enable rapid updating of defense, data gathering, and corrective action.
                Subcontrol: 8.5
                Label: Configure Devices Not To Auto-Run Content
                Description: Configure devices to not auto-run content from removable media.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 10: Malware Defenses: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Prevent or control the installation, spread, and execution of malicious applications, code, or scripts on enterprise assets.
                Safeguard: 10.3
                Label: Disable Autorun and Autoplay for Removable Media
                Description: Disable autorun and autoplay auto-execute functionality for removable media.
                Implementation Group: IG-1
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Pass

              1.8.10 Ensure XDCMP is not enabled

              Description:

              X Display Manager Control Protocol (XDMCP) is designed to provide authenticated access to display management services for remote displays

              XDMCP is inherently insecure.

              • XDMCP is not a ciphered protocol. This may allow an attacker to capture keystrokes entered by a user
              • XDMCP is vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks. This may allow an attacker to steal the credentials of legitimate users by impersonating the XDMCP server.

              Edit the file /etc/gdm3/custom.conf and remove the line:

              Enable=true

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/gdm3/custom.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*enable\h*=\h*true\b
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.
              Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/gdm/custom.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*enable\h*=\h*true\b
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_1.8.10_Ensure_XDCMP_is_not_enabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.877Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-4</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995228"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995228">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995228"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure no file named /etc/gdm3/custom.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*enable\h*=\h*true\b</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995231"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995231">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995231"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure no file named /etc/gdm/custom.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*enable\h*=\h*true\b</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-4

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                Subcontrol: 9.2
                Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                Safeguard: 4.8
                Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary

              2 Services

              While applying system updates and patches helps correct known vulnerabilities, one of the best ways to protect the system against as yet unreported vulnerabilities is to disable all services that are not required for normal system operation. This prevents the exploitation of vulnerabilities discovered at a later date. If a service is not enabled, it cannot be exploited. The actions in this section of the document provide guidance on some services which can be safely disabled and under which circumstances, greatly reducing the number of possible threats to the resulting system. Additionally some services which should remain enabled but with secure configuration are covered as well as insecure service clients.

              Note: This should not be considered a comprehensive list of insecure services. You may wish to consider additions to those listed here for your environment.

              2.1 Configure Time Synchronization

              It is recommended that physical systems and virtual guests lacking direct access to the physical host's clock be configured to synchronize their time using a service such as systemd-timesyncd, chrony, or ntp.

              Note:

              • If access to a physical host's clock is available and configured according to site policy, this section can be skipped
              • Only one time synchronization method should be in use on the system
              • Only the section related to the time synchronization method in use on the system should be followed, all other time synchronization recommendations should be skipped
              • If access to a physical host's clock is available and configured according to site policy:
                • systemd-timesyncd should be stopped and masked
                • chrony should be removed from the system
                • ntp should be removed from the system

              2.1.1 Ensure time synchronization is in use

              It is recommended that physical systems and virtual guests lacking direct access to the physical host's clock be configured to synchronize their time using a service such as systemd-timesyncd, chrony, or ntp.

              Pass

              2.1.1.1 Ensure a single time synchronization daemon is in use

              Description:

              System time should be synchronized between all systems in an environment. This is typically done by establishing an authoritative time server or set of servers and having all systems synchronize their clocks to them.

              Note:

              • On virtual systems where host based time synchronization is available consult your virtualization software documentation and verify that host based synchronization is in use and follows local site policy. In this scenario, this section should be skipped
              • Only one time synchronization method should be in use on the system. Configuring multiple time synchronization methods could lead to unexpected or unreliable results

              Time synchronization is important to support time sensitive security mechanisms and ensures log files have consistent time records across the enterprise, which aids in forensic investigations.

              On physical systems, and virtual systems where host based time synchronization is not available.

              Select one of the three time synchronization daemons; chrony (1) , systemd-timesyncd (2) , or ntp (3) , and following the remediation procedure for the selected daemon.

              Note: enabling more than one synchronization daemon could lead to unexpected or unreliable results:

              1. chrony

              Run the following command to install chrony :

              # apt install chrony

              Run the following commands to stop and mask the systemd-timesyncd daemon:

              # systemctl stop systemd-timesyncd.service



              # systemctl --now mask systemd-timesyncd.service

              Run the following command to remove the ntp package:

              # apt purge ntp

              NOTE:

              • Subsection: Configure chrony should be followed
              • Subsections: Configure systemd-timesyncd and Configure ntp should be skipped
              1. systemd-timesyncd

              Run the following command to remove the chrony package:

              # apt purge chrony

              Run the following command to remove the ntp package:

              # apt purge ntp

              NOTE:

              • Subsection: Configure systemd-timesyncd should be followed
              • Subsections: Configure chrony and Configure ntp should be skipped
              1. ntp

              Run the following command to install ntp :

              # apt install ntp

              Run the following commands to stop and mask the systemd-timesyncd daemon:

              # systemctl stop systemd-timesyncd.service



              # systemctl --now mask systemd-timesyncd.service

              Run the following command to remove the chrony package:

              # apt purge chrony

              NOTE:

              • Subsection: Configure ntp should be followed
              • Subsections: Configure chrony and Configure systemd-timesyncd should be skipped

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              AND
              Script: sce/nix_timesync_daemon_chk.sh
              Result: Pass
              Exit Value: 101
              Output:
              • - Audit Result:
              • ** PASS **
              • - Only one time sync daemon is in use on the system
              • - Daemon: "systemd-timesyncd.service" is enabled on the system
              • - Daemon: "systemd-timesyncd.service" is active on the system
              • - Package: "chrony" is not installed on the system
              • - Package: "ntp" is not installed on the system
              No error lines were collected.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.1.1_Ensure_a_single_time_synchronization_daemon_is_in_use"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.877Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, AU-12</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_timesync_daemon_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_timesync_daemon_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_timesync_daemon_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** PASS **</l>
                  <l> - Only one time sync daemon is in use on the system</l>
                  <l>  - Daemon: "systemd-timesyncd.service" is enabled on the system</l>
                  <l>  - Daemon: "systemd-timesyncd.service" is active on the system</l>
                  <l>  - Package: "chrony" is not installed on the system</l>
                  <l>  - Package: "ntp" is not installed on the system</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_timesync_daemon_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** PASS **</li>
                              <li> - Only one time sync daemon is in use on the system</li>
                              <li>  - Daemon: "systemd-timesyncd.service" is enabled on the system</li>
                              <li>  - Daemon: "systemd-timesyncd.service" is active on the system</li>
                              <li>  - Package: "chrony" is not installed on the system</li>
                              <li>  - Package: "ntp" is not installed on the system</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, AU-12

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                Subcontrol: 6.1
                Label: Utilize Three Synchronized Time Sources
                Description: Use at least three synchronized time sources from which all servers and network devices retrieve time information on a regular basis so that timestamps in logs are consistent.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                Safeguard: 8.4
                Label: Standardize Time Synchronization
                Description: Standardize time synchronization. Configure at least two synchronized time sources across enterprise assets, where supported.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary

              2.1.2 Configure chrony

              chrony is a daemon which implements the Network Time Protocol (NTP) and is designed to synchronize system clocks across a variety of systems and use a source that is highly accurate.

              chrony can be configured to be a client and/or a server.

              More information on chrony can be found at: http://chrony.tuxfamily.org/ .

              Note:

              • If ntp or systemd-timesyncd are used, chrony should be removed and this section skipped
              • Only one time synchronization method should be in use on the system
              Manual

              2.1.2.1 Ensure chrony is configured with authorized timeserver

              Description:

              • server

                • The server directive specifies an NTP server which can be used as a time source. The client-server relationship is strictly hierarchical: a client might synchronize its system time to that of the server, but the server’s system time will never be influenced by that of a client.
                • This directive can be used multiple times to specify multiple servers.
                • The directive is immediately followed by either the name of the server, or its IP address.

              • pool

                • The syntax of this directive is similar to that for the server directive, except that it is used to specify a pool of NTP servers rather than a single NTP server. The pool name is expected to resolve to multiple addresses which might change over time.
                • This directive can be used multiple times to specify multiple pools.
                • All options valid in the server directive can be used in this directive too.

              Time synchronization is important to support time sensitive security mechanisms and to ensure log files have consistent time records across the enterprise to aid in forensic investigations

              Edit /etc/chrony/chrony.conf or a file ending in .sources in /etc/chrony/sources.d/ and add or edit server or pool lines as appropriate according to local site policy:

              <[server|pool]> <[remote-server|remote-pool]>

              Examples:

              pool directive:

              pool time.nist.gov iburst maxsources 4 #The maxsources option is unique to the pool directive

              server directive:

              server time-a-g.nist.gov iburst

              server 132.163.97.3 iburst

              server time-d-b.nist.gov iburst

              Run one of the following commands to load the updated time sources into chronyd running config:

              # systemctl restart chronyd



              - OR if sources are in a .sources file -



              # chronyc reload sources

              OR

              If another time synchronization service is in use on the system, run the following command to remove chrony from the system:

              # apt purge chrony

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              OR
              Criterion: Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+\.(conf|sources) in /etc/chrony/ exists and matches pattern ^\h*(server|pool)\h+\H+
              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
              Item Check: All
              Result: Fail
              No matching system items were found.
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'chrony' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.2.1_Ensure_chrony_is_configured_with_authorized_timeserver"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.879Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>informational</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">chrony.conf(5) Manual Page</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">https://tf.nist.gov/tf-cgi/servers.cgi</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, AU-12</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994873"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994873">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994873"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+\.(conf|sources) in /etc/chrony/ exists and matches pattern ^\h*(server|pool)\h+\H+</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994875"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994875">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994875"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'chrony' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: chrony.conf(5) Manual Page
              • URL: https://tf.nist.gov/tf-cgi/servers.cgi
              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, AU-12

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                Subcontrol: 6.1
                Label: Utilize Three Synchronized Time Sources
                Description: Use at least three synchronized time sources from which all servers and network devices retrieve time information on a regular basis so that timestamps in logs are consistent.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                Safeguard: 8.4
                Label: Standardize Time Synchronization
                Description: Standardize time synchronization. Configure at least two synchronized time sources across enterprise assets, where supported.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Pass

              2.1.2.2 Ensure chrony is running as user _chrony

              Description:

              The chrony package is installed with a dedicated user account _chrony . This account is granted the access required by the chronyd service

              The chronyd service should run with only the required privlidges

              Add or edit the user line to /etc/chrony/chrony.conf or a file ending in .conf in /etc/chrony/conf.d/ :

              user _chrony

              OR

              If another time synchronization service is in use on the system, run the following command to remove chrony from the system:

              # apt purge chrony

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              OR
              Script: sce/nix_service_owned_by_user_chk.sh
              Result: Fail
              Exit Value: 102
              Output:
              • - Start check - systemd service process is owned by user
              • - FAIL!
              • - systemd service: "" with PID: "" is owned by user: ""
              • - End check - systemd service process is owned by user
              No error lines were collected.
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'chrony' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.2.2_Ensure_chrony_is_running_as_user__chrony"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.879Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-8</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3994877_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_service_owned_by_user_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_service_owned_by_user_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_service_owned_by_user_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>- Start check - systemd service process is owned by user</l>
                  <l>- FAIL!</l>
                  <l>- systemd service: "" with PID: ""  is owned by user: ""</l>
                  <l>- End check - systemd service process is owned by user</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_service_owned_by_user_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>- Start check - systemd service process is owned by user</li>
                              <li>- FAIL!</li>
                              <li>- systemd service: "" with PID: ""  is owned by user: ""</li>
                              <li>- End check - systemd service process is owned by user</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994878"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994878">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994878"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'chrony' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-8

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                Subcontrol: 6.1
                Label: Utilize Three Synchronized Time Sources
                Description: Use at least three synchronized time sources from which all servers and network devices retrieve time information on a regular basis so that timestamps in logs are consistent.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                Safeguard: 8.4
                Label: Standardize Time Synchronization
                Description: Standardize time synchronization. Configure at least two synchronized time sources across enterprise assets, where supported.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Pass

              2.1.2.3 Ensure chrony is enabled and running

              Description:

              chrony is a daemon for synchronizing the system clock across the network

              chrony needs to be enabled and running in order to synchronize the system to a timeserver.

              Time synchronization is important to support time sensitive security mechanisms and to ensure log files have consistent time records across the enterprise to aid in forensic investigations

              IFchrony is in use on the system, run the following commands:

              Run the following command to unmask chrony.service :

              # systemctl unmask chrony.service

              Run the following command to enable and start chrony.service :

              # systemctl --now enable chrony.service

              OR

              If another time synchronization service is in use on the system, run the following command to remove chrony :

              # apt purge chrony

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              OR
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure systemd 'chrony.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'enabled'
              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
              Item Check: All
              Result: Fail
              Systemdunitproperty Item
              Name Type Status Value
              Unit String Exists chrony.service
              Property String Exists UnitFileState
              Value String Exists No Value
              Criterion: Ensure systemd 'chrony.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'active'
              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
              Item Check: All
              Result: Fail
              Systemdunitproperty Item
              Name Type Status Value
              Unit String Exists chrony.service
              Property String Exists ActiveState
              Value String Exists inactive
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'chrony' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.2.3_Ensure_chrony_is_enabled_and_running"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.880Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-8</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:3994880"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3994880_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994880"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994880">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994880"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure systemd 'chrony.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'enabled'</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Unit</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>chrony.service</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Property</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>UnitFileState</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Value</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>No Value</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:3994882"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3994882_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994882"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994882">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994882"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure systemd 'chrony.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'active'</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Unit</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>chrony.service</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Property</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>ActiveState</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Value</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>inactive</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994884"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994884">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994884"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'chrony' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-8

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                Subcontrol: 6.1
                Label: Utilize Three Synchronized Time Sources
                Description: Use at least three synchronized time sources from which all servers and network devices retrieve time information on a regular basis so that timestamps in logs are consistent.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                Safeguard: 8.4
                Label: Standardize Time Synchronization
                Description: Standardize time synchronization. Configure at least two synchronized time sources across enterprise assets, where supported.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary

              2.1.3 Configure systemd-timesyncd

              systemd-timesyncd is a daemon that has been added for synchronizing the system clock across the network. It implements an SNTP client. In contrast to NTP implementations such as chrony or the NTP reference server this only implements a client side, and does not bother with the full NTP complexity, focusing only on querying time from one remote server and synchronizing the local clock to it. The daemon runs with minimal privileges, and has been hooked up with networkd to only operate when network connectivity is available. The daemon saves the current clock to disk every time a new NTP sync has been acquired, and uses this to possibly correct the system clock early at bootup, in order to accommodate for systems that lack an RTC such as the Raspberry Pi and embedded devices, and make sure that time monotonically progresses on these systems, even if it is not always correct. To make use of this daemon a new system user and group "systemd-timesync" needs to be created on installation of systemd.

              The default configuration is set during compilation, so configuration is only needed when it is necessary to deviate from those defaults. Initially, the main configuration file in /etc/systemd/ contains commented out entries showing the defaults as a guide to the administrator. Local overrides can be created by editing this file or by creating drop-ins, as described below. Using drop-ins for local configuration is recommended over modifications to the main configuration file.

              In addition to the "main" configuration file, drop-in configuration snippets are read from /usr/lib/systemd/*.conf.d/ , /usr/local/lib/systemd/*.conf.d/ , and /etc/systemd/*.conf.d/ . Those drop-ins have higher precedence and override the main configuration file. Files in the *.conf.d/ configuration subdirectories are sorted by their filename in lexicographic order, regardless of in which of the subdirectories they reside. When multiple files specify the same option, for options which accept just a single value, the entry in the file sorted last takes precedence, and for options which accept a list of values, entries are collected as they occur in the sorted files.

              When packages need to customize the configuration, they can install drop-ins under /usr/. Files in /etc/ are reserved for the local administrator, who may use this logic to override the configuration files installed by vendor packages. Drop-ins have to be used to override package drop-ins, since the main configuration file has lower precedence. It is recommended to prefix all filenames in those subdirectories with a two-digit number and a dash, to simplify the ordering of the files.

              To disable a configuration file supplied by the vendor, the recommended way is to place a symlink to /dev/null in the configuration directory in /etc/, with the same filename as the vendor configuration file.

              Note:

              • The recommendations in this section only apply if timesyncd is in use on the system
              • The systemd-timesyncd service specifically implements only SNTP.
                • This minimalistic service will set the system clock for large offsets or slowly adjust it for smaller deltas
                • More complex use cases are not covered by systemd-timesyncd
              • If chrony or ntp are used, systemd-timesyncd should be stopped and masked, and this section skipped
              • One, and only one, time synchronization method should be in use on the system
              Pass

              2.1.3.1 Ensure systemd-timesyncd configured with authorized timeserver

              Description:

              NTP=

              • A space-separated list of NTP server host names or IP addresses. During runtime this list is combined with any per-interface NTP servers acquired from systemd-networkd.service(8). systemd-timesyncd will contact all configured system or per-interface servers in turn, until one responds. When the empty string is assigned, the list of NTP servers is reset, and all prior assignments will have no effect. This setting defaults to an empty list.

              FallbackNTP=

              • A space-separated list of NTP server host names or IP addresses to be used as the fallback NTP servers. Any per-interface NTP servers obtained from systemd-networkd.service(8) take precedence over this setting, as do any servers set via NTP= above. This setting is hence only relevant if no other NTP server information is known. When the empty string is assigned, the list of NTP servers is reset, and all prior assignments will have no effect. If this option is not given, a compiled-in list of NTP servers is used.

              Time synchronization is important to support time sensitive security mechanisms and to ensure log files have consistent time records across the enterprise to aid in forensic investigations

              Edit /etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf and add the NTP= and/or FallbackNTP= lines to the [Time] section:

              Example:

              [Time]

              NTP=time.nist.gov # Uses the generic name for NIST's time servers

              -AND/OR-

              FallbackNTP=time-a-g.nist.gov time-b-g.nist.gov time-c-g.nist.gov # Space separated list of NIST time servers

              Note: Servers added to these line(s) should follow local site policy. NIST servers are for example.

              Example script:

              The following example script will add the example NIST time servers to /etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf

              #!/usr/bin/env bash



              {

              l_ntp_ts="time.nist.gov"

              l_ntp_fb="time-a-g.nist.gov time-b-g.nist.gov time-c-g.nist.gov"

              l_conf_file="/etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf"

              if ! grep -Ph '^\h*NTP=\H+' "$l_conf_file"; then

              ! grep -Pqs '^\h*\[Time\]' "$l_conf_file" && echo "[Time]" >> "$l_conf_file"

              echo "NTP=$l_ntp_ts" >> "$l_conf_file"

              fi

              if ! grep -Ph '^\h*FallbackNTP=\H+' "$l_conf_file"; then

              ! grep -Pqs '^\h*\[Time\]' "$l_conf_file" && echo "[Time]" >> "$l_conf_file"

              echo "FallbackNTP=$l_ntp_fb" >> "$l_conf_file"

              fi

              }

              Run the following command to reload the systemd-timesyncd configuration:

              # systemctl try-reload-or-restart systemd-timesyncd

              -OR-

              If another time synchronization service is in use on the system, run the following command to stop and mask systemd-timesyncd :

              # systemctl --now mask systemd-timesyncd

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              OR
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure systemd 'systemd-timesyncd.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'
              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
              Item Check: All
              Result: Fail
              Systemdunitproperty Item
              Name Type Status Value
              Unit String Exists systemd-timesyncd.service
              Property String Exists UnitFileState
              Value String Exists enabled
              Criterion: Ensure systemd 'systemd-timesyncd.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active'
              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
              Item Check: All
              Result: Fail
              Systemdunitproperty Item
              Name Type Status Value
              Unit String Exists systemd-timesyncd.service
              Property String Exists ActiveState
              Value String Exists active
              Criterion: Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+\.conf in /etc/systemd/ exists and matches pattern ^\h*(NTP|FallbackNTP)=\H+
              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              Textfilecontent Item
              Name Type Status Value
              Filepath String Exists /etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf
              Path String Exists /etc/systemd
              Filename String Exists timesyncd.conf
              Pattern String Exists ^\h*(NTP|FallbackNTP)=\H+
              Instance Int Exists 1
              Line String Exists NTP=time.google.com
              Text String Exists NTP=time.google.com
              Subexpression String Exists NTP
              Windows View String Not collected No Value


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.3.1_Ensure_systemd-timesyncd_configured_with_authorized_timeserver"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.880Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/timesyncd.conf.html</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">https://tf.nist.gov/tf-cgi/servers.cgi</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-7, AU-8</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:3994887"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3994887_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994887"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994887">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994887"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure systemd 'systemd-timesyncd.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Unit</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>systemd-timesyncd.service</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Property</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>UnitFileState</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Value</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>enabled</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:3994889"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3994889_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994889"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994889">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994889"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure systemd 'systemd-timesyncd.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active'</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Unit</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>systemd-timesyncd.service</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Property</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>ActiveState</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Value</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>active</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994886"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994886">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994886"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+\.conf in /etc/systemd/ exists and matches pattern ^\h*(NTP|FallbackNTP)=\H+</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filepath</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/systemd</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>timesyncd.conf</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Pattern</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>^\h*(NTP|FallbackNTP)=\H+</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Instance</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>NTP=time.google.com</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Text</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>NTP=time.google.com</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Subexpression</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>NTP</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Windows View</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/timesyncd.conf.html
              • URL: https://tf.nist.gov/tf-cgi/servers.cgi
              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-7, AU-8

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                Subcontrol: 6.1
                Label: Utilize Three Synchronized Time Sources
                Description: Use at least three synchronized time sources from which all servers and network devices retrieve time information on a regular basis so that timestamps in logs are consistent.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                Safeguard: 8.4
                Label: Standardize Time Synchronization
                Description: Standardize time synchronization. Configure at least two synchronized time sources across enterprise assets, where supported.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Manual

              2.1.3.2 Ensure systemd-timesyncd is enabled and running

              Description:

              systemd-timesyncd is a daemon that has been added for synchronizing the system clock across the network

              systemd-timesyncd needs to be enabled and running in order to synchronize the system to a timeserver.

              Time synchronization is important to support time sensitive security mechanisms and to ensure log files have consistent time records across the enterprise to aid in forensic investigations

              IFsystemd-timesyncd is in use on the system, run the following commands:

              Run the following command to unmask systemd-timesyncd.service :

              # systemctl unmask systemd-timesyncd.service

              Run the following command to enable and start systemd-timesyncd.service :

              # systemctl --now enable systemd-timesyncd.service

              OR

              If another time synchronization service is in use on the system, run the following command to stop and mask systemd-timesyncd :

              # systemctl --now mask systemd-timesyncd.service

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              OR
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure systemd 'systemd-timesyncd.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'enabled'
              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              Systemdunitproperty Item
              Name Type Status Value
              Unit String Exists systemd-timesyncd.service
              Property String Exists UnitFileState
              Value String Exists enabled
              Criterion: Ensure systemd 'systemd-timesyncd.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'active'
              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              Systemdunitproperty Item
              Name Type Status Value
              Unit String Exists systemd-timesyncd.service
              Property String Exists ActiveState
              Value String Exists active
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure systemd 'systemd-timesyncd.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'masked'
              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
              Item Check: All
              Result: Fail
              Systemdunitproperty Item
              Name Type Status Value
              Unit String Exists systemd-timesyncd.service
              Property String Exists UnitFileState
              Value String Exists enabled
              Criterion: Ensure systemd 'systemd-timesyncd.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'inactive'
              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
              Item Check: All
              Result: Fail
              Systemdunitproperty Item
              Name Type Status Value
              Unit String Exists systemd-timesyncd.service
              Property String Exists ActiveState
              Value String Exists active


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
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                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.3.2_Ensure_systemd-timesyncd_is_enabled_and_running"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.886Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>informational</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-7, AU-8</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
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                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:3994891"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3994891_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994891"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994891">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994891"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure systemd 'systemd-timesyncd.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'enabled'</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Unit</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>systemd-timesyncd.service</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Property</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>UnitFileState</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Value</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>enabled</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:3994893"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3994893_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994893"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994893">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994893"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure systemd 'systemd-timesyncd.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'active'</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Unit</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>systemd-timesyncd.service</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Property</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>ActiveState</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Value</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>active</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
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      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
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            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
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            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994894">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994894"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure systemd 'systemd-timesyncd.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'masked'</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Unit</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>systemd-timesyncd.service</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Property</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>UnitFileState</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Value</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>enabled</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
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                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:3994896"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3994896_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994896"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994896">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994896"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure systemd 'systemd-timesyncd.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'inactive'</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Unit</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>systemd-timesyncd.service</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Property</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>ActiveState</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Value</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>active</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-7, AU-8

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                Subcontrol: 6.1
                Label: Utilize Three Synchronized Time Sources
                Description: Use at least three synchronized time sources from which all servers and network devices retrieve time information on a regular basis so that timestamps in logs are consistent.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                Safeguard: 8.4
                Label: Standardize Time Synchronization
                Description: Standardize time synchronization. Configure at least two synchronized time sources across enterprise assets, where supported.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary

              2.1.4 Configure ntp

              ntp is a daemon which implements the Network Time Protocol (NTP). It is designed to synchronize system clocks across a variety of systems and use a source that is highly accurate. More information on NTP can be found at http://www.ntp.org . ntp can be configured to be a client and/or a server.

              Note:

              • If chrony or systemd-timesyncd are used, ntp should be removed and this section skipped
              • This recommendation only applies if ntp is in use on the system
              • Only one time synchronization method should be in use on the system
              Pass

              2.1.4.1 Ensure ntp access control is configured

              Description:

              ntp Access Control Commands:

              restrict address [mask mask] [ippeerlimit int] [flag ...]

              The address argument expressed in dotted-quad form is the address of a host or network. Alternatively, the address argument can be a valid host DNS name.

              The mask argument expressed in dotted-quad form defaults to 255.255.255.255, meaning that the address is treated as the address of an individual host. A default entry (address 0.0.0.0, mask 0.0.0.0) is always included and is always the first entry in the list. Note: the text string default, with no mask option, may be used to indicate the default entry.

              The ippeerlimit directive limits the number of peer requests for each IP to int, where a value of -1 means "unlimited", the current default. A value of 0 means "none". There would usually be at most 1 peering request per IP, but if the remote peering requests are behind a proxy there could well be more than 1 per IP. In the current implementation, flag always restricts access, i.e., an entry with no flags indicates that free access to the server is to be given.

              The flags are not orthogonal, in that more restrictive flags will often make less restrictive ones redundant. The flags can generally be classed into two categories, those which restrict time service and those which restrict informational queries and attempts to do run-time reconfiguration of the server.

              One or more of the following flags may be specified:

              • kod - If this flag is set when an access violation occurs, a kiss-o'-death (KoD) packet is sent. KoD packets are rate limited to no more than one per second. If another KoD packet occurs within one second after the last one, the packet is dropped.
              • limited - Deny service if the packet spacing violates the lower limits specified in the discard command. A history of clients is kept using the monitoring capability of ntpd . Thus, monitoring is always active as long as there is a restriction entry with the limited flag.
              • lowpriotrap - Declare traps set by matching hosts to be low priority. The number of traps a server can maintain is limited (the current limit is 3). Traps are usually assigned on a first come, first served basis, with later trap requestors being denied service. This flag modifies the assignment algorithm by allowing low priority traps to be overridden by later requests for normal priority traps.
              • noepeer - Deny ephemeral peer requests, even if they come from an authenticated source. Note that the ability to use a symmetric key for authentication may be restricted to one or more IPs or subnets via the third field of the ntp.keys file. This restriction is not enabled by default, to maintain backward compatibility. Expect noepeer to become the default in ntp-4.4 .
              • nomodify - Deny ntpq and ntpdc queries which attempt to modify the state of the server (i.e., run time reconfiguration). Queries which return information are permitted.
              • noquery - Deny ntpq and ntpdc queries. Time service is not affected.
              • nopeer - Deny unauthenticated packets which would result in mobilizing a new association. This includes broadcast and symmetric active packets when a configured association does not exist. It also includes pool associations, so if you want to use servers from a pool directive and also want to use nopeer by default, you'll want a restrict source ... line as well that does not include the nopeer directive.
              • noserve - Deny all packets except ntpq and ntpdc queries.
              • notrap - Decline to provide mode 6 control message trap service to matching hosts. The trap service is a subsystem of the ntpq control message protocol which is intended for use by remote event logging programs.
              • notrust - Deny service unless the packet is cryptographically authenticated.
              • ntpport - This is actually a match algorithm modifier, rather than a restriction flag. Its presence causes the restriction entry to be matched only if the source port in the packet is the standard NTP UDP port (123). Both ntpport and non-ntpport may be specified. The ntpport is considered more specific and is sorted later in the list.

              If ntp is in use on the system, proper configuration is vital to ensuring time synchronization is accurate.

              Add or edit restrict lines in /etc/ntp.conf to match the following:

              restrict -4 default kod nomodify notrap nopeer noquery

              restrict -6 default kod nomodify notrap nopeer noquery

              OR

              If another time synchronization service is in use on the system, run the following command to remove ntp from the system:

              # apt purge ntp

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              OR
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/ntp.conf exists and matches pattern ^\h*restrict\h+(-4\h+)?default\h+(?:[^#\n\r]+\h+)*(?!(?:\2|\3|\4|\5))(\h*\bkod\b\h*|\h*\bnomodify\b\h*|\h*\bnotrap\b\h*|\h*\bnopeer\b\h*|\h*\bnoquery\b\h*)\h+(?:[^#\n\r]+\h+)*(?!(?:\1
              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
              Item Check: All
              Result: Fail
              No matching system items were found.
              Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/ntp.conf exists and matches pattern ^\h*restrict\h+-6\h+default\h+(?:[^#\n\r]+\h+)*(?!(?:\2|\3|\4|\5))(\h*\bkod\b\h*|\h*\bnomodify\b\h*|\h*\bnotrap\b\h*|\h*\bnopeer\b\h*|\h*\bnoquery\b\h*)\h+(?:[^#\n\r]+\h+)*(?!(?:\1|\3
              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
              Item Check: All
              Result: Fail
              No matching system items were found.
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'ntp' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.4.1_Ensure_ntp_access_control_is_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.889Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">http://www.ntp.org/</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">ntp.conf(5)</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">ntpd(8)</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-8</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994897"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994897">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994897"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/ntp.conf exists and matches pattern ^\h*restrict\h+(-4\h+)?default\h+(?:[^#\n\r]+\h+)*(?!(?:\2|\3|\4|\5))(\h*\bkod\b\h*|\h*\bnomodify\b\h*|\h*\bnotrap\b\h*|\h*\bnopeer\b\h*|\h*\bnoquery\b\h*)\h+(?:[^#\n\r]+\h+)*(?!(?:\1</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994899"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994899">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994899"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/ntp.conf exists and matches pattern ^\h*restrict\h+-6\h+default\h+(?:[^#\n\r]+\h+)*(?!(?:\2|\3|\4|\5))(\h*\bkod\b\h*|\h*\bnomodify\b\h*|\h*\bnotrap\b\h*|\h*\bnopeer\b\h*|\h*\bnoquery\b\h*)\h+(?:[^#\n\r]+\h+)*(?!(?:\1|\3</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994901"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994901">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994901"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'ntp' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: http://www.ntp.org/
              • URL: ntp.conf(5)
              • URL: ntpd(8)
              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-8

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                Subcontrol: 6.1
                Label: Utilize Three Synchronized Time Sources
                Description: Use at least three synchronized time sources from which all servers and network devices retrieve time information on a regular basis so that timestamps in logs are consistent.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                Safeguard: 8.4
                Label: Standardize Time Synchronization
                Description: Standardize time synchronization. Configure at least two synchronized time sources across enterprise assets, where supported.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Manual

              2.1.4.2 Ensure ntp is configured with authorized timeserver

              Description:

              The various modes are determined by the command keyword and the type of the required IP address. Addresses are classed by type as (s) a remote server or peer (IPv4 class A, B and C), (b) the broadcast address of a local interface, (m) a multicast address (IPv4 class D), or (r) a reference clock address (127.127.x.x).

              Note: That only those options applicable to each command are listed below. Use of options not listed may not be caught as an error, but may result in some weird and even destructive behavior.

              If the Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6 (RFC-2553) is detected, support for the IPv6 address family is generated in addition to the default support of the IPv4 address family. In a few cases, including the reslist billboard generated by ntpq or ntpdc , IPv6 addresses are automatically generated. IPv6 addresses can be identified by the presence of colons “:” in the address field. IPv6 addresses can be used almost everywhere where IPv4 addresses can be used, with the exception of reference clock addresses, which are always IPv4.

              Note: In contexts where a host name is expected, a -4 qualifier preceding the host name forces DNS resolution to the IPv4 namespace, while a -6 qualifier forces DNS resolution to the IPv6 namespace. See IPv6 references for the equivalent classes for that address family.

              • pool - For type s addresses, this command mobilizes a persistent client mode association with a number of remote servers. In this mode the local clock can synchronized to the remote server, but the remote server can never be synchronized to the local clock.

              • server - For type s and r addresses, this command mobilizes a persistent client mode association with the specified remote server or local radio clock. In this mode the local clock can synchronized to the remote server, but the remote server can never be synchronized to the local clock. This command should not be used for type b or m addresses.

              Time synchronization is important to support time sensitive security mechanisms and to ensure log files have consistent time records across the enterprise to aid in forensic investigations

              Edit /etc/ntp.conf and add or edit server or pool lines as appropriate according to local site policy:

              <[server|pool]> <[remote-server|remote-pool]>

              Examples:

              pool mode:

              pool time.nist.gov iburst

              server mode:

              server time-a-g.nist.gov iburst

              server 132.163.97.3 iburst

              server time-d-b.nist.gov iburst

              Run the following command to load the updated time sources into ntp running config:

              # systemctl restart ntp

              OR

              If another time synchronization service is in use on the system, run the following command to remove ntp from the system:

              # apt purge ntp

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              OR
              Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/ntp.conf exists and matches pattern ^\h*(server|pool)\h+\H+
              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
              Item Check: All
              Result: Fail
              No matching system items were found.
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'ntp' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.4.2_Ensure_ntp_is_configured_with_authorized_timeserver"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.889Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>informational</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">http://www.ntp.org/</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">https://tf.nist.gov/tf-cgi/servers.cgi</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">ntp.conf(5)</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">ntpd(8)</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-8</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994903"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994903">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994903"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/ntp.conf exists and matches pattern ^\h*(server|pool)\h+\H+</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994904"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994904">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994904"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'ntp' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: http://www.ntp.org/
              • URL: https://tf.nist.gov/tf-cgi/servers.cgi
              • URL: ntp.conf(5)
              • URL: ntpd(8)
              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-8

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                Subcontrol: 6.1
                Label: Utilize Three Synchronized Time Sources
                Description: Use at least three synchronized time sources from which all servers and network devices retrieve time information on a regular basis so that timestamps in logs are consistent.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                Safeguard: 8.4
                Label: Standardize Time Synchronization
                Description: Standardize time synchronization. Configure at least two synchronized time sources across enterprise assets, where supported.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Pass

              2.1.4.3 Ensure ntp is running as user ntp

              Description:

              The ntp package is installed with a dedicated user account ntp . This account is granted the access required by the ntpd daemon

              Note:

              • If chrony or systemd-timesyncd are used, ntp should be removed and this section skipped
              • This recommendation only applies if ntp is in use on the system
              • Only one time synchronization method should be in use on the system

              The ntpd daemon should run with only the required privlidge

              Add or edit the following line in /usr/lib/ntp/ntp-systemd-wrapper :

              RUNASUSER=ntp

              Run the following command to restart ntp.servocee :

              # systemctl restart ntp.service

              OR

              If another time synchronization service is in use on the system, run the following command to remove ntp from the system:

              # apt purge ntp

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              OR
              Complex Check
              AND
              Script: sce/nix_service_owned_by_user_chk.sh
              Result: Fail
              Exit Value: 102
              Output:
              • - Start check - systemd service process is owned by user
              • - FAIL!
              • - systemd service: "" with PID: "" is owned by user: ""
              • - End check - systemd service process is owned by user
              No error lines were collected.
              Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/init.d/ntp exists and matches pattern ^\h*RUNASUSER=ntp
              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
              Item Check: All
              Result: Fail
              No matching system items were found.
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'ntp' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.4.3_Ensure_ntp_is_running_as_user_ntp"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.890Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">http://www.ntp.org/</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-8</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3994906_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_service_owned_by_user_chk.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/nix_service_owned_by_user_chk.sh"
                               xccdf="fail"
                               script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_service_owned_by_user_chk.sh"
                               exit-value="102">
                  <out>
                     <l>- Start check - systemd service process is owned by user</l>
                     <l>- FAIL!</l>
                     <l>- systemd service: "" with PID: ""  is owned by user: ""</l>
                     <l>- End check - systemd service process is owned by user</l>
                  </out>
                  <err/>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/nix_service_owned_by_user_chk.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>102</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li>- Start check - systemd service process is owned by user</li>
                                 <li>- FAIL!</li>
                                 <li>- systemd service: "" with PID: ""  is owned by user: ""</li>
                                 <li>- End check - systemd service process is owned by user</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994908"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994908">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994908"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/init.d/ntp exists and matches pattern ^\h*RUNASUSER=ntp</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994910"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994910">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994910"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'ntp' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: http://www.ntp.org/
              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-8

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                Subcontrol: 6.1
                Label: Utilize Three Synchronized Time Sources
                Description: Use at least three synchronized time sources from which all servers and network devices retrieve time information on a regular basis so that timestamps in logs are consistent.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                Safeguard: 8.4
                Label: Standardize Time Synchronization
                Description: Standardize time synchronization. Configure at least two synchronized time sources across enterprise assets, where supported.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Pass

              2.1.4.4 Ensure ntp is enabled and running

              Description:

              ntp is a daemon for synchronizing the system clock across the network

              ntp needs to be enabled and running in order to synchronize the system to a timeserver.

              Time synchronization is important to support time sensitive security mechanisms and to ensure log files have consistent time records across the enterprise to aid in forensic investigations

              IFntp is in use on the system, run the following commands:

              Run the following command to unmask ntp.service :

              # systemctl unmask ntp.service

              Run the following command to enable and start ntp.service :

              # systemctl --now enable ntp.service

              OR

              If another time synchronization service is in use on the system, run the following command to remove ntp :

              # apt purge ntp

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              OR
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure systemd 'ntp.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'enabled'
              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
              Item Check: All
              Result: Fail
              Systemdunitproperty Item
              Name Type Status Value
              Unit String Exists ntp.service
              Property String Exists UnitFileState
              Value String Exists No Value
              Criterion: Ensure systemd 'ntp.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'active'
              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
              Item Check: All
              Result: Fail
              Systemdunitproperty Item
              Name Type Status Value
              Unit String Exists ntp.service
              Property String Exists ActiveState
              Value String Exists inactive
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'ntp' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.1.4.4_Ensure_ntp_is_enabled_and_running"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.890Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-8</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:3994911"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3994911_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994911"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994911">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994911"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure systemd 'ntp.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'enabled'</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Unit</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>ntp.service</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Property</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>UnitFileState</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Value</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>No Value</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:3994913"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3994913_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994913"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994913">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994913"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure systemd 'ntp.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'active'</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Unit</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>ntp.service</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Property</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>ActiveState</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Value</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>inactive</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994915"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994915">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994915"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'ntp' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-8

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                Subcontrol: 6.1
                Label: Utilize Three Synchronized Time Sources
                Description: Use at least three synchronized time sources from which all servers and network devices retrieve time information on a regular basis so that timestamps in logs are consistent.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                Safeguard: 8.4
                Label: Standardize Time Synchronization
                Description: Standardize time synchronization. Configure at least two synchronized time sources across enterprise assets, where supported.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary

              2.2 Special Purpose Services

              This section describes services that are installed on systems that specifically need to run these services. If any of these services are not required, it is recommended that they be deleted from the system to reduce the potential attack surface. If a package is required as a dependency, and the service is not required, the service should be stopped and masked.

              The following command can be used to stop and mask the service:

              # systemctl --now mask <service_name>
              Pass

              2.2.1 Ensure X Window System is not installed

              Description:

              The X Window System provides a Graphical User Interface (GUI) where users can have multiple windows in which to run programs and various add on. The X Windows system is typically used on workstations where users login, but not on servers where users typically do not login.

              Unless your organization specifically requires graphical login access via X Windows, remove it to reduce the potential attack surface.

              Remove the X Windows System packages:

              apt purge xserver-xorg*

              Impact:

              Many Linux systems run applications which require a Java runtime. Some Linux Java packages have a dependency on specific X Windows xorg-x11-fonts. One workaround to avoid this dependency is to use the "headless" Java packages for your specific Java runtime, if provided by your distribution.

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure package name pattern match '^xorg-x11.*' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.
              Criterion: Ensure package name pattern match '^xserver-xorg.*' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.1_Ensure_X_Window_System_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.890Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/2/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-11</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994918"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994918">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994918"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name pattern match '^xorg-x11.*' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994920"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994920">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994920"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name pattern match '^xserver-xorg.*' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-11

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 2: Inventory and Control of Software Assets: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Actively manage (inventory, track, and correct) all software on the network so that only authorized software is installed and can execute, and that all unauthorized and unmanaged software is found and prevented from installation or execution.
                Subcontrol: 2.6
                Label: Address unapproved software
                Description: Ensure that unauthorized software is either removed or the inventory is updated in a timely manner
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                Safeguard: 4.8
                Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Pass

              2.2.2 Ensure Avahi Server is not installed

              Description:

              Avahi is a free zeroconf implementation, including a system for multicast DNS/DNS-SD service discovery. Avahi allows programs to publish and discover services and hosts running on a local network with no specific configuration. For example, a user can plug a computer into a network and Avahi automatically finds printers to print to, files to look at and people to talk to, as well as network services running on the machine.

              Automatic discovery of network services is not normally required for system functionality. It is recommended to remove this package to reduce the potential attack surface.

              Run the following commands to remove avahi-daemon :

              # systemctl stop avahi-daaemon.service

              # systemctl stop avahi-daemon.socket

              # apt purge avahi-daemon

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'avahi-daemon' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.2_Ensure_Avahi_Server_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.890Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-4</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994923"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994923">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994923"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'avahi-daemon' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-4

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                Subcontrol: 9.2
                Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                Safeguard: 4.8
                Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Pass

              2.2.3 Ensure CUPS is not installed

              Description:

              The Common Unix Print System (CUPS) provides the ability to print to both local and network printers. A system running CUPS can also accept print jobs from remote systems and print them to local printers. It also provides a web based remote administration capability.

              If the system does not need to print jobs or accept print jobs from other systems, it is recommended that CUPS be removed to reduce the potential attack surface.

              Run one of the following commands to remove cups :

              # apt purge cups

              Impact:

              Removing CUPS will prevent printing from the system, a common task for workstation systems.

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'cups' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.3_Ensure_CUPS_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.890Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">More detailed documentation on CUPS is available at the project homepage at http://www.cups.org.</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994926"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994926">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994926"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'cups' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: More detailed documentation on CUPS is available at the project homepage at http://www.cups.org.
              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                Subcontrol: 9.2
                Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                Safeguard: 4.8
                Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Pass

              2.2.4 Ensure DHCP Server is not installed

              Description:

              The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a service that allows machines to be dynamically assigned IP addresses.

              Unless a system is specifically set up to act as a DHCP server, it is recommended that this package be removed to reduce the potential attack surface.

              Run the following command to remove isc-dhcp-server :

              # apt purge isc-dhcp-server

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'isc-dhcp-server' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.4_Ensure_DHCP_Server_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.890Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">More detailed documentation on DHCP is available at http://www.isc.org/software/dhcp.</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994928"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994928">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994928"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'isc-dhcp-server' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: More detailed documentation on DHCP is available at http://www.isc.org/software/dhcp.
              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                Subcontrol: 9.2
                Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                Safeguard: 4.8
                Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Pass

              2.2.5 Ensure LDAP server is not installed

              Description:

              The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) was introduced as a replacement for NIS/YP. It is a service that provides a method for looking up information from a central database.

              If the system will not need to act as an LDAP server, it is recommended that the software be removed to reduce the potential attack surface.

              Run one of the following commands to remove slapd :

              # apt purge slapd

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'slapd' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.5_Ensure_LDAP_server_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.890Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">For more detailed documentation on OpenLDAP, go to the project homepage at http://www.openldap.org.</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994931"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994931">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994931"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'slapd' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: For more detailed documentation on OpenLDAP, go to the project homepage at http://www.openldap.org.
              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                Subcontrol: 9.2
                Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                Safeguard: 4.8
                Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Pass

              2.2.6 Ensure NFS is not installed

              Description:

              The Network File System (NFS) is one of the first and most widely distributed file systems in the UNIX environment. It provides the ability for systems to mount file systems of other servers through the network.

              If the system does not export NFS shares, it is recommended that the nfs-kernel-server package be removed to reduce the remote attack surface.

              Run the following command to remove nfs :

              # apt purge nfs-kernel-server

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'nfs-kernel-server' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.6_Ensure_NFS_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.890Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994934"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994934">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994934"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'nfs-kernel-server' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                Subcontrol: 9.2
                Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                Safeguard: 4.8
                Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Pass

              2.2.7 Ensure DNS Server is not installed

              Description:

              The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical naming system that maps names to IP addresses for computers, services and other resources connected to a network.

              Unless a system is specifically designated to act as a DNS server, it is recommended that the package be deleted to reduce the potential attack surface.

              Run the following commands to disable DNS server :

              # apt purge bind9

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'bind9' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.7_Ensure_DNS_Server_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.890Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994937"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994937">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994937"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'bind9' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                Subcontrol: 9.2
                Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                Safeguard: 4.8
                Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Pass

              2.2.8 Ensure FTP Server is not installed

              Description:

              The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) provides networked computers with the ability to transfer files.

              FTP does not protect the confidentiality of data or authentication credentials. It is recommended SFTP be used if file transfer is required. Unless there is a need to run the system as a FTP server (for example, to allow anonymous downloads), it is recommended that the package be deleted to reduce the potential attack surface.

              Run the following command to remove vsftpd :

              # apt purge vsftpd

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'vsftpd' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.8_Ensure_FTP_Server_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.890Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994940"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994940">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994940"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'vsftpd' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                Subcontrol: 9.2
                Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                Safeguard: 4.8
                Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Pass

              2.2.9 Ensure HTTP server is not installed

              Description:

              HTTP or web servers provide the ability to host web site content.

              Unless there is a need to run the system as a web server, it is recommended that the package be deleted to reduce the potential attack surface.

              Run the following command to remove apache2 :

              # apt purge apache2

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'apache2' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.9_Ensure_HTTP_server_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.890Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994941"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994941">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994941"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'apache2' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                Subcontrol: 9.2
                Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                Safeguard: 4.8
                Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Pass

              2.2.10 Ensure IMAP and POP3 server are not installed

              Description:

              dovecot-imapd and dovecot-pop3d are an open source IMAP and POP3 server for Linux based systems.

              Unless POP3 and/or IMAP servers are to be provided by this system, it is recommended that the package be removed to reduce the potential attack surface.

              Run one of the following commands to remove dovecot-imapd and dovecot-pop3d :

              # apt purge dovecot-imapd dovecot-pop3d

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'dovecot-imapd' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'dovecot-pop3d' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.10_Ensure_IMAP_and_POP3_server_are_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.890Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994945"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994945">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994945"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'dovecot-imapd' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994947"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994947">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994947"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'dovecot-pop3d' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                Subcontrol: 9.2
                Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                Safeguard: 4.8
                Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Pass

              2.2.11 Ensure Samba is not installed

              Description:

              The Samba daemon allows system administrators to configure their Linux systems to share file systems and directories with Windows desktops. Samba will advertise the file systems and directories via the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol. Windows desktop users will be able to mount these directories and file systems as letter drives on their systems.

              If there is no need to mount directories and file systems to Windows systems, then this service should be deleted to reduce the potential attack surface.

              Run the following command to remove samba :

              # apt purge samba

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'samba' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.11_Ensure_Samba_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.891Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6, CM-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994948"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994948">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994948"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'samba' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6, CM-7

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                Subcontrol: 9.2
                Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                Safeguard: 4.8
                Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Pass

              2.2.12 Ensure HTTP Proxy Server is not installed

              Description:

              Squid is a standard proxy server used in many distributions and environments.

              If there is no need for a proxy server, it is recommended that the squid proxy be deleted to reduce the potential attack surface.

              Run the following command to remove squid :

              # apt purge squid

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'squid' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.12_Ensure_HTTP_Proxy_Server_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.892Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6, CM-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994951"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994951">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994951"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'squid' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6, CM-7

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                Subcontrol: 9.2
                Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                Safeguard: 4.8
                Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Pass

              2.2.13 Ensure SNMP Server is not installed

              Description:

              Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a widely used protocol for monitoring the health and welfare of network equipment, computer equipment and devices like UPSs.

              Net-SNMP is a suite of applications used to implement SNMPv1 (RFC 1157), SNMPv2 (RFCs 1901-1908), and SNMPv3 (RFCs 3411-3418) using both IPv4 and IPv6.

              Support for SNMPv2 classic (a.k.a. "SNMPv2 historic" - RFCs 1441-1452) was dropped with the 4.0 release of the UCD-snmp package.

              The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) server is used to listen for SNMP commands from an SNMP management system, execute the commands or collect the information and then send results back to the requesting system.

              The SNMP server can communicate using SNMPv1 , which transmits data in the clear and does not require authentication to execute commands. SNMPv3 replaces the simple/clear text password sharing used in SNMPv2 with more securely encoded parameters. If the the SNMP service is not required, the snmpd package should be removed to reduce the attack surface of the system.

              Note: If SNMP is required:

              • The server should be configured for SNMP v3 only. User Authentication and Message Encryption should be configured.
              • If SNMP v2 is absolutely necessary, modify the community strings' values.

              Run the following command to remove snmpd :

              # apt purge snmpd

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'snmpd' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.13_Ensure_SNMP_Server_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.892Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994955"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994955">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994955"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'snmpd' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                Subcontrol: 9.2
                Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                Safeguard: 4.8
                Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Pass

              2.2.14 Ensure NIS Server is not installed

              Description:

              The Network Information Service (NIS) (formally known as Yellow Pages) is a client-server directory service protocol for distributing system configuration files. The NIS server is a collection of programs that allow for the distribution of configuration files.

              The NIS service is inherently an insecure system that has been vulnerable to DOS attacks, buffer overflows and has poor authentication for querying NIS maps. NIS generally has been replaced by such protocols as Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP). It is recommended that the service be removed and other, more secure services be used

              Run the following command to remove nis :

              # apt purge nis

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'nis' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.14_Ensure_NIS_Server_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.892Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6, CM-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994957"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994957">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994957"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'nis' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6, CM-7

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                Subcontrol: 9.2
                Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                Safeguard: 4.8
                Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Pass

              2.2.15 Ensure dnsmasq is not installed

              Description:

              dnsmasq is a lightweight tool that provides DNS caching, DNS forwarding and DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) services.

              Unless a system is specifically designated to act as a DNS caching, DNS forwarding and/or DHCP server, it is recommended that the package be removed to reduce the potential attack surface.

              Run the following command to remove dnsmasq :

              # apt purge dnsmasq

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'dnsmasq' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.15_Ensure_dnsmasq_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.892Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994960"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994960">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994960"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'dnsmasq' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                Subcontrol: 9.2
                Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                Safeguard: 4.8
                Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Pass

              2.2.16 Ensure mail transfer agent is configured for local-only mode

              Description:

              Mail Transfer Agents (MTA), such as sendmail and Postfix, are used to listen for incoming mail and transfer the messages to the appropriate user or mail server. If the system is not intended to be a mail server, it is recommended that the MTA be configured to only process local mail.

              The software for all Mail Transfer Agents is complex and most have a long history of security issues. While it is important to ensure that the system can process local mail messages, it is not necessary to have the MTA's daemon listening on a port unless the server is intended to be a mail server that receives and processes mail from other systems.

              Note:

              • This recommendation is designed around the postfix mail server.
              • Depending on your environment you may have an alternative MTA installed such as exim4. If this is the case consult the documentation for your installed MTA to configure the recommended state.

              Edit /etc/postfix/main.cf and add the following line to the RECEIVING MAIL section. If the line already exists, change it to look like the line below:

              inet_interfaces = loopback-only

              Run the following command to restart postfix :

              # systemctl restart postfix

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Linux Custom Object "No Servers Listening On Port 25"
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.16_Ensure_mail_transfer_agent_is_configured_for_local-only_mode"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.892Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994965"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994965">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994965"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Linux Custom Object "No Servers Listening On Port 25"</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                Subcontrol: 9.2
                Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                Safeguard: 4.8
                Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Fail

              2.2.17 Ensure rsync service is either not installed or is masked

              Description:

              The rsync service can be used to synchronize files between systems over network links.

              The rsync service presents a security risk as the rsync protocol is unencrypted. The rsync package should be removed or if required for dependencies, the rsync service should be stopped and masked to reduce the attack area of the system.

              Run the following command to remove rsync :

              # apt purge rsync

              -- OR --

              Run the following commands to stop and mask rsync :

              # systemctl stop rsync



              # systemctl mask rsync

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              OR
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure systemd 'rsync.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'inactive'
              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              Systemdunitproperty Item
              Name Type Status Value
              Unit String Exists rsync.service
              Property String Exists ActiveState
              Value String Exists inactive
              Criterion: Ensure systemd 'rsync.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'masked'
              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
              Item Check: All
              Result: Fail
              Systemdunitproperty Item
              Name Type Status Value
              Unit String Exists rsync.service
              Property String Exists UnitFileState
              Value String Exists enabled
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'rsync' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Fail
              Dpkginfo Item
              Name Type Status Value
              Name String Exists rsync
              Arch String Exists amd64
              Epoch String Exists (none)
              Release String Exists 8ubuntu0.4
              Version String Exists 3.1.3
              Evr Evr String Exists 0:3.1.3-8ubuntu0.4


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.2.17_Ensure_rsync_service_is_either_not_installed_or_is_masked"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.892Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6, CM-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:3994969"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3994969_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994969"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994969">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994969"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure systemd 'rsync.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'inactive'</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Unit</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>rsync.service</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Property</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>ActiveState</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Value</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>inactive</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:3994972"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3994972_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994972"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994972">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994972"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure systemd 'rsync.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'masked'</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Unit</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>rsync.service</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Property</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>UnitFileState</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Value</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>enabled</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994967"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994967">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994967"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'rsync' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>rsync</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>(none)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>8ubuntu0.4</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>3.1.3</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0:3.1.3-8ubuntu0.4</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6, CM-7

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                Subcontrol: 9.2
                Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                Safeguard: 4.8
                Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary

              2.3 Service Clients

              A number of insecure services exist. While disabling the servers prevents a local attack against these services, it is advised to remove their clients unless they are required.

              Note: This should not be considered a comprehensive list of insecure service clients. You may wish to consider additions to those listed here for your environment.

              Pass

              2.3.1 Ensure NIS Client is not installed

              Description:

              The Network Information Service (NIS), formerly known as Yellow Pages, is a client-server directory service protocol used to distribute system configuration files. The NIS client was used to bind a machine to an NIS server and receive the distributed configuration files.

              The NIS service is inherently an insecure system that has been vulnerable to DOS attacks, buffer overflows and has poor authentication for querying NIS maps. NIS generally has been replaced by such protocols as Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP). It is recommended that the service be removed.

              Uninstall nis :

              # apt purge nis

              Impact:

              Many insecure service clients are used as troubleshooting tools and in testing environments. Uninstalling them can inhibit capability to test and troubleshoot. If they are required it is advisable to remove the clients after use to prevent accidental or intentional misuse.

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'nis' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3.1_Ensure_NIS_Client_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.892Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/2/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7, CM-11</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994976"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994976">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994976"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'nis' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7, CM-11

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 2: Inventory and Control of Software Assets: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Actively manage (inventory, track, and correct) all software on the network so that only authorized software is installed and can execute, and that all unauthorized and unmanaged software is found and prevented from installation or execution.
                Subcontrol: 2.6
                Label: Address unapproved software
                Description: Ensure that unauthorized software is either removed or the inventory is updated in a timely manner
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                Safeguard: 4.8
                Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Pass

              2.3.2 Ensure rsh client is not installed

              Description:

              The rsh-client package contains the client commands for the rsh services.

              These legacy clients contain numerous security exposures and have been replaced with the more secure SSH package. Even if the server is removed, it is best to ensure the clients are also removed to prevent users from inadvertently attempting to use these commands and therefore exposing their credentials. Note that removing the rsh-client package removes the clients for rsh , rcp and rlogin .

              Uninstall rsh :

              # apt purge rsh-client

              Impact:

              Many insecure service clients are used as troubleshooting tools and in testing environments. Uninstalling them can inhibit capability to test and troubleshoot. If they are required it is advisable to remove the clients after use to prevent accidental or intentional misuse.

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'rsh-client' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3.2_Ensure_rsh_client_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.892Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994979"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994979">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994979"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'rsh-client' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                Subcontrol: 9.2
                Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                Safeguard: 4.8
                Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Pass

              2.3.3 Ensure talk client is not installed

              Description:

              The talk software makes it possible for users to send and receive messages across systems through a terminal session. The talk client, which allows initialization of talk sessions, is installed by default.

              The software presents a security risk as it uses unencrypted protocols for communication.

              Uninstall talk :

              # apt purge talk

              Impact:

              Many insecure service clients are used as troubleshooting tools and in testing environments. Uninstalling them can inhibit capability to test and troubleshoot. If they are required it is advisable to remove the clients after use to prevent accidental or intentional misuse.

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'talk' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3.3_Ensure_talk_client_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.892Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994982"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994982">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994982"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'talk' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                Subcontrol: 9.2
                Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                Safeguard: 4.8
                Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Fail

              2.3.4 Ensure telnet client is not installed

              Description:

              The telnet package contains the telnet client, which allows users to start connections to other systems via the telnet protocol.

              The telnet protocol is insecure and unencrypted. The use of an unencrypted transmission medium could allow an unauthorized user to steal credentials. The ssh package provides an encrypted session and stronger security and is included in most Linux distributions.

              Uninstall telnet :

              # apt purge telnet

              Impact:

              Many insecure service clients are used as troubleshooting tools and in testing environments. Uninstalling them can inhibit capability to test and troubleshoot. If they are required it is advisable to remove the clients after use to prevent accidental or intentional misuse.

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'telnet' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Fail
              Dpkginfo Item
              Name Type Status Value
              Name String Exists telnet
              Arch String Exists amd64
              Epoch String Exists (none)
              Release String Exists 41.2build1
              Version String Exists 0.17
              Evr Evr String Exists 0:0.17-41.2build1


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3.4_Ensure_telnet_client_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.894Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7, CM-11</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994985"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994985">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994985"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'telnet' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>telnet</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>(none)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>41.2build1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0.17</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0:0.17-41.2build1</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7, CM-11

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                Subcontrol: 9.2
                Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                Safeguard: 4.8
                Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Pass

              2.3.5 Ensure LDAP client is not installed

              Description:

              The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) was introduced as a replacement for NIS/YP. It is a service that provides a method for looking up information from a central database.

              If the system will not need to act as an LDAP client, it is recommended that the software be removed to reduce the potential attack surface.

              Uninstall ldap-utils :

              # apt purge ldap-utils

              Impact:

              Removing the LDAP client will prevent or inhibit using LDAP for authentication in your environment.

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'ldap-utils' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3.5_Ensure_LDAP_client_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.894Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994988"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994988">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994988"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'ldap-utils' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                Subcontrol: 9.2
                Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                Safeguard: 4.8
                Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Pass

              2.3.6 Ensure RPC is not installed

              Description:

              Remote Procedure Call (RPC) is a method for creating low level client server applications across different system architectures. It requires an RPC compliant client listening on a network port. The supporting package is rpcbind."

              If RPC is not required, it is recommended that this services be removed to reduce the remote attack surface.

              Run the following command to remove rpcbind :

              # apt purge rpcbind

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'rpcbind' is not installed
              Existence Check: None Exist
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              No matching system items were found.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.3.6_Ensure__RPC_is_not_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.894Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994993"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994993">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994993"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'rpcbind' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                Subcontrol: 9.2
                Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                Safeguard: 4.8
                Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Manual

              2.4 Ensure nonessential services are removed or masked

              Description:

              A network port is identified by its number, the associated IP address, and the type of the communication protocol such as TCP or UDP.

              A listening port is a network port on which an application or process listens on, acting as a communication endpoint.

              Each listening port can be open or closed (filtered) using a firewall. In general terms, an open port is a network port that accepts incoming packets from remote locations.

              Services listening on the system pose a potential risk as an attack vector. These services should be reviewed, and if not required, the service should be stopped, and the package containing the service should be removed. If required packages have a dependency, the service should be stopped and masked to reduce the attack surface of the system.

              Run the following command to remove the package containing the service:

              # apt purge <package_name>

              OR If required packages have a dependency:

              Run the following commands to stop and mask the service:

              # systemctl stop <service_name>.socket

              # systemctl stop <service_name>.service

              # systemctl mask <service_name>.socket

              # systemctl mask <service_name>.service



              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_2.4_Ensure_nonessential_services_are_removed_or_masked"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.894Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                Subcontrol: 9.2
                Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                Safeguard: 4.8
                Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary

              3 Network Configuration

              This section provides guidance on for securing the network configuration of the system through kernel parameters, access list control, and firewall settings.

              Note:

              • sysctl settings are defined through files in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/ , /run/sysctl.d/ , and /etc/sysctl.d/ .
              • Files must have the " .conf " extension.
              • Vendors settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/
              • To override a whole file, create a new file with the same name in /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there.
              • To override only specific settings, add a file with a lexically later name in /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there.
              • The paths where sysctl preload files usually exist
                • /run/sysctl.d/*.conf
                • /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf
                • /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf
                • /usr/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf
                • /lib/sysctl.d/*.conf
                • /etc/sysctl.conf
              • On systems with Uncomplicated Firewall, additional settings may be configured in /etc/ufw/sysctl.conf
                • The settings in /etc/ufw/sysctl.conf will override settings in /etc/sysctl.conf
                • This behavior can be changed by updating the IPT_SYSCTL parameter in /etc/default/ufw

              3.1 Disable unused network protocols and devices

              To reduce the attack surface of a system, unused network protocols and devices should be disabled.

              The Linux kernel modules support several network protocols that are not commonly used. If these protocols are not needed, it is recommended that they be disabled in the kernel.

              Note: This should not be considered a comprehensive list of uncommon network protocols, you may wish to consider additions to those listed here for your environment.

              Manual

              3.1.1 Ensure IPv6 status is identified

              Description:

              Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) is the most recent version of Internet Protocol (IP). It's designed to supply IP addressing and additional security to support the predicted growth of connected devices. IPv6 is based on 128-bit addressing and can support 340 undecillion addresses, which is 340 followed by 36 zeroes.

              Features of IPv6

              • Hierarchical addressing and routing infrastructure
              • Stateful and Stateless configuration
              • Support for quality of service (QoS)
              • An ideal protocol for neighboring node interaction

              IETF RFC 4038 recommends that applications are built with an assumption of dual stack. It is recommended that IPv6 be enabled and configured in accordance with Benchmark recommendations.

              If dual stack and IPv6 are not used in your environment, IPv6 may be disabled to reduce the attack surface of the system, and recommendations pertaining to IPv6 can be skipped.

              Note: It is recommended that IPv6 be enabled and configured unless this is against local site policy

              Enable or disable IPv6 in accordance with system requirements and local site policy

              Impact:

              IETF RFC 4038 recommends that applications are built with an assumption of dual stack.

              When enabled, IPv6 will require additional configuration to reduce risk to the system.

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              AND
              Script: sce/nix_ipv6_disabled_chk.sh
              Result: Fail
              Exit Value: 102
              Output:
              • - Audit Results:
              • ** Fail **
              • - IPv6 is enabled on the system
              No error lines were collected.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.1_Ensure_IPv6_status_is_identified"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.894Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>informational</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_ipv6_disabled_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_ipv6_disabled_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_ipv6_disabled_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Results:</l>
                  <l> ** Fail **</l>
                  <l> - IPv6 is enabled on the system</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_ipv6_disabled_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Results:</li>
                              <li> ** Fail **</li>
                              <li> - IPv6 is enabled on the system</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                Subcontrol: 9.2
                Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                Safeguard: 4.8
                Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Pass

              3.1.2 Ensure wireless interfaces are disabled

              Description:

              Wireless networking is used when wired networks are unavailable. Debian contains a wireless tool kit to allow system administrators to configure and use wireless networks.

              If wireless is not to be used, wireless devices can be disabled to reduce the potential attack surface.

              Run the following script to disable any wireless interfaces:

              #!/usr/bin/env bash



              {

              module_fix()

              {

              if ! modprobe -n -v "$l_mname" | grep -P -- '^\h*install \/bin\/(true|false)'; then

              echo -e " - setting module: \"$l_mname\" to be un-loadable"

              echo -e "install $l_mname /bin/false" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mname".conf

              fi

              if lsmod | grep "$l_mname" > /dev/null 2>&1; then

              echo -e " - unloading module \"$l_mname\""

              modprobe -r "$l_mname"

              fi

              if ! grep -Pq -- "^\h*blacklist\h+$l_mname\b" /etc/modprobe.d/*; then

              echo -e " - deny listing \"$l_mname\""

              echo -e "blacklist $l_mname" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mname".conf

              fi

              }

              if [ -n "$(find /sys/class/net/*/ -type d -name wireless)" ]; then

              l_dname=$(for driverdir in $(find /sys/class/net/*/ -type d -name wireless | xargs -0 dirname); do basename "$(readlink -f "$driverdir"/device/driver/module)";done | sort -u)

              for l_mname in $l_dname; do

              module_fix

              done

              fi

              }

              Impact:

              Many if not all laptop workstations and some desktop workstations will connect via wireless requiring these interfaces be enabled.

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              AND
              Script: sce/nix_wireless_chk.sh
              Result: Pass
              Exit Value: 101
              Output:
              • - Audit Result:
              • ** PASS **
              • - System has no wireless NICs installed
              No error lines were collected.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.2_Ensure_wireless_interfaces_are_disabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.894Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/15/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/15/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_wireless_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_wireless_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_wireless_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** PASS **</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - System has no wireless NICs installed</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_wireless_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** PASS **</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - System has no wireless NICs installed</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 15: Wireless Access Control: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the security use of wireless local area networks (WLANs), access points, and wireless client systems.
                Subcontrol: 15.4
                Label: Disable Wireless Access on Devices if Not Required
                Description: Disable wireless access on devices that do not have a business purpose for wireless access.
              • Control 15: Wireless Access Control: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the security use of wireless local area networks (WLANs), access points, and wireless client systems.
                Subcontrol: 15.5
                Label: Limit Wireless Access on Client Devices
                Description: Configure wireless access on client machines that do have an essential wireless business purpose, to allow access only to authorized wireless networks and to restrict access to other wireless networks.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                Safeguard: 4.8
                Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Pass

              3.1.3 Ensure bluetooth is disabled

              Description:

              Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology standard that is used for exchanging data between devices over short distances. It employs UHF radio waves in the ISM bands, from 2.402 GHz to 2.48 GHz. It is mainly used as an alternative to wire connections.

              An attacker may be able to find a way to access or corrupt your data. One example of this type of activity is bluesnarfing , which refers to attackers using a Bluetooth connection to steal information off of your Bluetooth device. Also, viruses or other malicious code can take advantage of Bluetooth technology to infect other devices. If you are infected, your data may be corrupted, compromised, stolen, or lost.

              Run the following commands to stop and mask the Bluetooth service

              # systemctl stop bluetooth.service

              # systemctl mask bluetooth.service

              Note: A reboot may be required

              Impact:

              Many personal electronic devices (PEDs) use Bluetooth technology. For example, you may be able to operate your computer with a wireless keyboard. Disabling Bluetooth will prevent these devices from connecting to the system.

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              AND
              Criterion: Ensure systemd 'bluetooth.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'
              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              Systemdunitproperty Item
              Name Type Status Value
              Unit String Exists bluetooth.service
              Property String Exists UnitFileState
              Value String Exists No Value
              Criterion: Ensure systemd 'bluetooth.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active'
              Existence Check: At Least One Exists
              Item Check: All
              Result: Pass
              Systemdunitproperty Item
              Name Type Status Value
              Unit String Exists bluetooth.service
              Property String Exists ActiveState
              Value String Exists inactive


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.3_Ensure_bluetooth_is_disabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.899Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.cisa.gov/tips/st05-015</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:3995087"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995087_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995087"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995087">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995087"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure systemd 'bluetooth.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Unit</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>bluetooth.service</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Property</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>UnitFileState</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Value</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:3995090"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995090_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995090"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995090">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995090"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure systemd 'bluetooth.service' unit 'ActiveState' property not equal 'active'</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Unit</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>bluetooth.service</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Property</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>ActiveState</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Value</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>inactive</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: https://www.cisa.gov/tips/st05-015
              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-7

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                Subcontrol: 9.2
                Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                Safeguard: 4.8
                Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Fail

              3.1.4 Ensure DCCP is disabled

              Description:

              The Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) is a transport layer protocol that supports streaming media and telephony. DCCP provides a way to gain access to congestion control, without having to do it at the application layer, but does not provide in-sequence delivery.

              If the protocol is not required, it is recommended that the drivers not be installed to reduce the potential attack surface.

              Run the following script to disable the dccp module:

              If the module is available in the running kernel:

              • Create a file with install dccp /bin/false in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory
              • Create a file with blacklist dccp in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory
              • Unload dccp from the kernel

              If available in ANY installed kernel:

              • Create a file with blacklist dccp in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory

              If the kernel module is not available on the system or pre-compiled into the kernel:

              • No remediation is necessary
              #!/usr/bin/env bash



              {

              l_mname="dccp" # set module name

              l_mtype="net" # set module type

              l_mpath="/lib/modules/**/kernel/$l_mtype"

              l_mpname="$(tr '-' '_' <<< "$l_mname")"

              l_mndir="$(tr '-' '/' <<< "$l_mname")"



              module_loadable_fix()

              {

              # If the module is currently loadable, add "install {MODULE_NAME} /bin/false" to a file in "/etc/modprobe.d"

              l_loadable="$(modprobe -n -v "$l_mname")"

              [ "$(wc -l <<< "$l_loadable")" -gt "1" ] && l_loadable="$(grep -P -- "(^\h*install|\b$l_mname)\b" <<< "$l_loadable")"

              if ! grep -Pq -- '^\h*install \/bin\/(true|false)' <<< "$l_loadable"; then

              echo -e "\n - setting module: \"$l_mname\" to be not loadable"

              echo -e "install $l_mname /bin/false" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mpname".conf

              fi

              }

              module_loaded_fix()

              {

              # If the module is currently loaded, unload the module

              if lsmod | grep "$l_mname" > /dev/null 2>&1; then

              echo -e "\n - unloading module \"$l_mname\""

              modprobe -r "$l_mname"

              fi

              }

              module_deny_fix()

              {

              # If the module isn't deny listed, denylist the module

              if ! modprobe --showconfig | grep -Pq -- "^\h*blacklist\h+$l_mpname\b"; then

              echo -e "\n - deny listing \"$l_mname\""

              echo -e "blacklist $l_mname" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mpname".conf

              fi

              }

              # Check if the module exists on the system

              for l_mdir in $l_mpath; do

              if [ -d "$l_mdir/$l_mndir" ] && [ -n "$(ls -A $l_mdir/$l_mndir)" ]; then

              echo -e "\n - module: \"$l_mname\" exists in \"$l_mdir\"\n - checking if disabled..."

              module_deny_fix

              if [ "$l_mdir" = "/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/$l_mtype" ]; then

              module_loadable_fix

              module_loaded_fix

              fi

              else

              echo -e "\n - module: \"$l_mname\" doesn't exist in \"$l_mdir\"\n"

              fi

              done

              echo -e "\n - remediation of module: \"$l_mname\" complete\n"

              }

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              AND
              Script: sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh
              Result: Fail
              Exit Value: 102
              Output:
              • -- INFO --
              • - module: "dccp" exists in:
              • - "/lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/net"
              • - Audit Result:
              • ** FAIL **
              • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
              • - module: "dccp" is not deny listed
              • - module: "dccp" is loadable: "insmod /lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/net/dccp/dccp.ko "
              • - Correctly set:
              • - module: "dccp" is not loaded
              No error lines were collected.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.4_Ensure_DCCP_is_disabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.899Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-4, CM-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995095_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
                  <l> -- INFO --</l>
                  <l> - module: "dccp" exists in:</l>
                  <l>  - "/lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/net"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - module: "dccp" is not deny listed</l>
                  <l> - module: "dccp" is loadable: "insmod /lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/net/dccp/dccp.ko "</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Correctly set:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - module: "dccp" is not loaded</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                              <li> -- INFO --</li>
                              <li> - module: "dccp" exists in:</li>
                              <li>  - "/lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/net"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - module: "dccp" is not deny listed</li>
                              <li> - module: "dccp" is loadable: "insmod /lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/net/dccp/dccp.ko "</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Correctly set:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - module: "dccp" is not loaded</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-4, CM-7

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                Subcontrol: 9.2
                Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                Safeguard: 4.8
                Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Fail

              3.1.5 Ensure SCTP is disabled

              Description:

              The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a transport layer protocol used to support message oriented communication, with several streams of messages in one connection. It serves a similar function as TCP and UDP, incorporating features of both. It is message-oriented like UDP, and ensures reliable in-sequence transport of messages with congestion control like TCP.

              If the protocol is not being used, it is recommended that kernel module not be loaded, disabling the service to reduce the potential attack surface.

              Run the following script to disable the sctp module:

              If the module is available in the running kernel:

              • Create a file with install sctp /bin/false in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory
              • Create a file with blacklist sctp in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory
              • Unload sctp from the kernel

              If available in ANY installed kernel:

              • Create a file with blacklist sctp in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory

              If the kernel module is not available on the system or pre-compiled into the kernel:

              • No remediation is necessary
              #!/usr/bin/env bash



              {

              l_mname="sctp" # set module name

              l_mtype="net" # set module type

              l_mpath="/lib/modules/**/kernel/$l_mtype"

              l_mpname="$(tr '-' '_' <<< "$l_mname")"

              l_mndir="$(tr '-' '/' <<< "$l_mname")"



              module_loadable_fix()

              {

              # If the module is currently loadable, add "install {MODULE_NAME} /bin/false" to a file in "/etc/modprobe.d"

              l_loadable="$(modprobe -n -v "$l_mname")"

              [ "$(wc -l <<< "$l_loadable")" -gt "1" ] && l_loadable="$(grep -P -- "(^\h*install|\b$l_mname)\b" <<< "$l_loadable")"

              if ! grep -Pq -- '^\h*install \/bin\/(true|false)' <<< "$l_loadable"; then

              echo -e "\n - setting module: \"$l_mname\" to be not loadable"

              echo -e "install $l_mname /bin/false" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mpname".conf

              fi

              }

              module_loaded_fix()

              {

              # If the module is currently loaded, unload the module

              if lsmod | grep "$l_mname" > /dev/null 2>&1; then

              echo -e "\n - unloading module \"$l_mname\""

              modprobe -r "$l_mname"

              fi

              }

              module_deny_fix()

              {

              # If the module isn't deny listed, denylist the module

              if ! modprobe --showconfig | grep -Pq -- "^\h*blacklist\h+$l_mpname\b"; then

              echo -e "\n - deny listing \"$l_mname\""

              echo -e "blacklist $l_mname" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mpname".conf

              fi

              }

              # Check if the module exists on the system

              for l_mdir in $l_mpath; do

              if [ -d "$l_mdir/$l_mndir" ] && [ -n "$(ls -A $l_mdir/$l_mndir)" ]; then

              echo -e "\n - module: \"$l_mname\" exists in \"$l_mdir\"\n - checking if disabled..."

              module_deny_fix

              if [ "$l_mdir" = "/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/$l_mtype" ]; then

              module_loadable_fix

              module_loaded_fix

              fi

              else

              echo -e "\n - module: \"$l_mname\" doesn't exist in \"$l_mdir\"\n"

              fi

              done

              echo -e "\n - remediation of module: \"$l_mname\" complete\n"

              }

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              AND
              Script: sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh
              Result: Fail
              Exit Value: 102
              Output:
              • -- INFO --
              • - module: "sctp" exists in:
              • - "/lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/net"
              • - Audit Result:
              • ** FAIL **
              • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
              • - module: "sctp" is not deny listed
              • - module: "sctp" is loadable: "insmod /lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/net/sctp/sctp.ko "
              • - Correctly set:
              • - module: "sctp" is not loaded
              No error lines were collected.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.5_Ensure_SCTP_is_disabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.899Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-4, CM-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995102_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
                  <l> -- INFO --</l>
                  <l> - module: "sctp" exists in:</l>
                  <l>  - "/lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/net"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - module: "sctp" is not deny listed</l>
                  <l> - module: "sctp" is loadable: "insmod /lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/net/sctp/sctp.ko "</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Correctly set:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - module: "sctp" is not loaded</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                              <li> -- INFO --</li>
                              <li> - module: "sctp" exists in:</li>
                              <li>  - "/lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/net"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - module: "sctp" is not deny listed</li>
                              <li> - module: "sctp" is loadable: "insmod /lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/net/sctp/sctp.ko "</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Correctly set:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - module: "sctp" is not loaded</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

              • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-4, CM-7

              CIS Controls V7.0:

              • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                Subcontrol: 9.2
                Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                • >

              CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

              • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                CIS Control Information
                Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                Safeguard: 4.8
                Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                Implementation Group: IG-2
                Security Function: Protect
                • >

              Back to Summary
              Pass

              3.1.6 Ensure RDS is disabled

              Description:

              The Reliable Datagram Sockets (RDS) protocol is a transport layer protocol designed to provide low-latency, high-bandwidth communications between cluster nodes. It was developed by the Oracle Corporation.

              If the protocol is not being used, it is recommended that kernel module not be loaded, disabling the service to reduce the potential attack surface.

              Run the following script to disable the rds module:

              If the module is available in the running kernel:

              • Create a file with install rds /bin/false in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory
              • Create a file with blacklist rds in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory
              • Unload rds from the kernel

              If available in ANY installed kernel:

              • Create a file with blacklist rds in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory

              If the kernel module is not available on the system or pre-compiled into the kernel:

              • No remediation is necessary
              #!/usr/bin/env bash



              {

              l_mname="rds" # set module name

              l_mtype="net" # set module type

              l_mpath="/lib/modules/**/kernel/$l_mtype"

              l_mpname="$(tr '-' '_' <<< "$l_mname")"

              l_mndir="$(tr '-' '/' <<< "$l_mname")"



              module_loadable_fix()

              {

              # If the module is currently loadable, add "install {MODULE_NAME} /bin/false" to a file in "/etc/modprobe.d"

              l_loadable="$(modprobe -n -v "$l_mname")"

              [ "$(wc -l <<< "$l_loadable")" -gt "1" ] && l_loadable="$(grep -P -- "(^\h*install|\b$l_mname)\b" <<< "$l_loadable")"

              if ! grep -Pq -- '^\h*install \/bin\/(true|false)' <<< "$l_loadable"; then

              echo -e "\n - setting module: \"$l_mname\" to be not loadable"

              echo -e "install $l_mname /bin/false" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mpname".conf

              fi

              }

              module_loaded_fix()

              {

              # If the module is currently loaded, unload the module

              if lsmod | grep "$l_mname" > /dev/null 2>&1; then

              echo -e "\n - unloading module \"$l_mname\""

              modprobe -r "$l_mname"

              fi

              }

              module_deny_fix()

              {

              # If the module isn't deny listed, denylist the module

              if ! modprobe --showconfig | grep -Pq -- "^\h*blacklist\h+$l_mpname\b"; then

              echo -e "\n - deny listing \"$l_mname\""

              echo -e "blacklist $l_mname" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mpname".conf

              fi

              }

              # Check if the module exists on the system

              for l_mdir in $l_mpath; do

              if [ -d "$l_mdir/$l_mndir" ] && [ -n "$(ls -A $l_mdir/$l_mndir)" ]; then

              echo -e "\n - module: \"$l_mname\" exists in \"$l_mdir\"\n - checking if disabled..."

              module_deny_fix

              if [ "$l_mdir" = "/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/$l_mtype" ]; then

              module_loadable_fix

              module_loaded_fix

              fi

              else

              echo -e "\n - module: \"$l_mname\" doesn't exist in \"$l_mdir\"\n"

              fi

              done

              echo -e "\n - remediation of module: \"$l_mname\" complete\n"

              }

              Show Assessment Evidence
              Complex Check
              AND
              Script: sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh
              Result: Pass
              Exit Value: 101
              Output:
              • - Audit Result:
              • ** PASS **
              • - module: "rds" doesn't exist in "/lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/net"
              No error lines were collected.


              Show Rule Result XML
              <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.6_Ensure_RDS_is_disabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.899Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995106_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** PASS **</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - module: "rds" doesn't exist in "/lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/net"</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** PASS **</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - module: "rds" doesn't exist in "/lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/net"</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

              References:

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.2
                  Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                  Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.8
                  Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                  Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                  Implementation Group: IG-2
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Fail

                3.1.7 Ensure TIPC is disabled

                Description:

                The Transparent Inter-Process Communication (TIPC) protocol is designed to provide communication between cluster nodes.

                If the protocol is not being used, it is recommended that kernel module not be loaded, disabling the service to reduce the potential attack surface.

                Run the following script to disable the tipc module:

                If the module is available in the running kernel:

                • Create a file with install tipc /bin/false in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory
                • Create a file with blacklist tipc in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory
                • Unload tipc from the kernel

                If available in ANY installed kernel:

                • Create a file with blacklist tipc in the /etc/modprobe.d/ directory

                If the kernel module is not available on the system or pre-compiled into the kernel:

                • No remediation is necessary
                #!/usr/bin/env bash



                {

                l_mname="tipc" # set module name

                l_mtype="net" # set module type

                l_mpath="/lib/modules/**/kernel/$l_mtype"

                l_mpname="$(tr '-' '_' <<< "$l_mname")"

                l_mndir="$(tr '-' '/' <<< "$l_mname")"



                module_loadable_fix()

                {

                # If the module is currently loadable, add "install {MODULE_NAME} /bin/false" to a file in "/etc/modprobe.d"

                l_loadable="$(modprobe -n -v "$l_mname")"

                [ "$(wc -l <<< "$l_loadable")" -gt "1" ] && l_loadable="$(grep -P -- "(^\h*install|\b$l_mname)\b" <<< "$l_loadable")"

                if ! grep -Pq -- '^\h*install \/bin\/(true|false)' <<< "$l_loadable"; then

                echo -e "\n - setting module: \"$l_mname\" to be not loadable"

                echo -e "install $l_mname /bin/false" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mpname".conf

                fi

                }

                module_loaded_fix()

                {

                # If the module is currently loaded, unload the module

                if lsmod | grep "$l_mname" > /dev/null 2>&1; then

                echo -e "\n - unloading module \"$l_mname\""

                modprobe -r "$l_mname"

                fi

                }

                module_deny_fix()

                {

                # If the module isn't deny listed, denylist the module

                if ! modprobe --showconfig | grep -Pq -- "^\h*blacklist\h+$l_mpname\b"; then

                echo -e "\n - deny listing \"$l_mname\""

                echo -e "blacklist $l_mname" >> /etc/modprobe.d/"$l_mpname".conf

                fi

                }

                # Check if the module exists on the system

                for l_mdir in $l_mpath; do

                if [ -d "$l_mdir/$l_mndir" ] && [ -n "$(ls -A $l_mdir/$l_mndir)" ]; then

                echo -e "\n - module: \"$l_mname\" exists in \"$l_mdir\"\n - checking if disabled..."

                module_deny_fix

                if [ "$l_mdir" = "/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/$l_mtype" ]; then

                module_loadable_fix

                module_loaded_fix

                fi

                else

                echo -e "\n - module: \"$l_mname\" doesn't exist in \"$l_mdir\"\n"

                fi

                done

                echo -e "\n - remediation of module: \"$l_mname\" complete\n"

                }

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                AND
                Script: sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • -- INFO --
                • - module: "tipc" exists in:
                • - "/lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/net"
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** FAIL **
                • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                • - module: "tipc" is not deny listed
                • - module: "tipc" is loadable: "insmod /lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/net/tipc/tipc.ko "
                • - Correctly set:
                • - module: "tipc" is not loaded
                No error lines were collected.


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.1.7_Ensure_TIPC_is_disabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.900Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-4, CM-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995111_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
                  <l> -- INFO --</l>
                  <l> - module: "tipc" exists in:</l>
                  <l>  - "/lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/net"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - module: "tipc" is not deny listed</l>
                  <l> - module: "tipc" is loadable: "insmod /lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/net/tipc/tipc.ko "</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Correctly set:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - module: "tipc" is not loaded</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_module_chk_v2.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                              <li> -- INFO --</li>
                              <li> - module: "tipc" exists in:</li>
                              <li>  - "/lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/net"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - module: "tipc" is not deny listed</li>
                              <li> - module: "tipc" is loadable: "insmod /lib/modules/5.4.0-131-generic/kernel/net/tipc/tipc.ko "</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Correctly set:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - module: "tipc" is not loaded</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SI-4, CM-7

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.2
                  Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                  Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.8
                  Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                  Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                  Implementation Group: IG-2
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary

                3.2 Network Parameters (Host Only)

                The following network parameters are intended for use if the system is to act as a host only. A system is considered host only if the system has a single interface, or has multiple interfaces but will not be configured as a router.

                Note:

                Configuration files are read from directories in /etc/ , /run/ , /usr/local/lib/ , and /lib/ , in order of precedence. Files must have the the ".conf" extension. extension. Files in /etc/ override files with the same name in /run/ , /usr/local/lib/ , and /lib/ . Files in /run/ override files with the same name under /usr/ .

                All configuration files are sorted by their filename in lexicographic order, regardless of which of the directories they reside in. If multiple files specify the same option, the entry in the file with the lexicographically latest name will take precedence. Thus, the configuration in a certain file may either be replaced completely (by placing a file with the same name in a directory with higher priority), or individual settings might be changed (by specifying additional settings in a file with a different name that is ordered later).

                Packages should install their configuration files in /usr/lib/ (distribution packages) or /usr/local/lib/ (local installs). Files in /etc/ are reserved for the local administrator, who may use this logic to override the configuration files installed by vendor packages. It is recommended to prefix all filenames with a two-digit number and a dash, to simplify the ordering of the files.

                If the administrator wants to disable a configuration file supplied by the vendor, the recommended way is to place a symlink to /dev/null in the configuration directory in /etc/ , with the same filename as the vendor configuration file. If the vendor configuration file is included in the initrd image, the image has to be regenerated.

                Fail

                3.2.1 Ensure packet redirect sending is disabled

                Description:

                ICMP Redirects are used to send routing information to other hosts. As a host itself does not act as a router (in a host only configuration), there is no need to send redirects.

                An attacker could use a compromised host to send invalid ICMP redirects to other router devices in an attempt to corrupt routing and have users access a system set up by the attacker as opposed to a valid system.

                Set the following parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf or a file in /etc/sysctl.d/ ending in .conf :

                • net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
                • net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0

                Example:

                # printf "

                net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0

                net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0

                " >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-netipv4_sysctl.conf

                Run the following command to set the active kernel parameters:

                # {

                sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects=0

                sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects=0

                sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1

                }

                Note: If these settings appear in a conically later file, or later in the same file, these settings will be overwritten

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                AND
                Script: sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** FAIL **
                • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                • - "net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"
                • - "net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects" is not set in an included file
                • ** Note: "net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **
                No error lines were collected.
                Script: sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** FAIL **
                • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                • - "net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"
                • - "net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects" is not set in an included file
                • ** Note: "net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **
                No error lines were collected.


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.2.1_Ensure_packet_redirect_sending_is_disabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.900Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995116_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"</l>
                  <l> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects" is not set in an included file</l>
                  <l>   ** Note: "net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"</li>
                              <li> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects" is not set in an included file</li>
                              <li>   ** Note: "net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995120_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"</l>
                  <l> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects" is not set in an included file</l>
                  <l>   ** Note: "net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"</li>
                              <li> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects" is not set in an included file</li>
                              <li>   ** Note: "net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.2
                  Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                  Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.8
                  Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                  Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                  Implementation Group: IG-2
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Fail

                3.2.2 Ensure IP forwarding is disabled

                Description:

                The net.ipv4.ip_forward and net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding flags are used to tell the system whether it can forward packets or not.

                Setting net.ipv4.ip_forward and net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding to 0 ensures that a system with multiple interfaces (for example, a hard proxy), will never be able to forward packets, and therefore, never serve as a router.

                Set the following parameter in /etc/sysctl.conf or a file in /etc/sysctl.d/ ending in .conf :

                • net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0

                Example:

                # printf "

                net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0

                " >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-netipv4_sysctl.conf

                Run the following command to set the active kernel parameters:

                # {

                sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=0

                sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1

                }

                -IF- IPv6 is enabled on the system:

                Set the following parameter in /etc/sysctl.conf or a file in /etc/sysctl.d/ ending in .conf :

                • net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 0

                Example:

                # printf "

                net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 0

                " >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-netipv6_sysctl.conf

                Run the following command to set the active kernel parameters:

                # {

                sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=0

                sysctl -w net.ipv6.route.flush=1

                }

                Note: If these settings appear in a conically later file, or later in the same file, these settings will be overwritten

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                AND
                Script: sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** FAIL **
                • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                • - "net.ipv4.ip_forward" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"
                • - "net.ipv4.ip_forward" is incorrectly set to "1" in "/etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf" and should have a value of: "0"
                No error lines were collected.
                Script: sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** FAIL **
                • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                • - "net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding" is not set in an included file
                • ** Note: "net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **
                • - Correctly set:
                • - "net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration
                No error lines were collected.


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.2.2_Ensure_IP_forwarding_is_disabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.902Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995127_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - "net.ipv4.ip_forward" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"</l>
                  <l> - "net.ipv4.ip_forward" is incorrectly set to "1" in "/etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf" and should have a value of: "0"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - "net.ipv4.ip_forward" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"</li>
                              <li> - "net.ipv4.ip_forward" is incorrectly set to "1" in "/etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf" and should have a value of: "0"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995131_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - "net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding" is not set in an included file</l>
                  <l>   ** Note: "net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Correctly set:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - "net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - "net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding" is not set in an included file</li>
                              <li>   ** Note: "net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Correctly set:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - "net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.2
                  Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                  Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.8
                  Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                  Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                  Implementation Group: IG-2
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary

                3.3 Network Parameters (Host and Router)

                The following network parameters are intended for use on both host only and router systems. A system acts as a router if it has at least two interfaces and is configured to perform routing functions.

                Note:

                Configuration files are read from directories in /etc/ , /run/ , /usr/local/lib/ , and /lib/ , in order of precedence. Files must have the the ".conf" extension. extension. Files in /etc/ override files with the same name in /run/ , /usr/local/lib/ , and /lib/ . Files in /run/ override files with the same name under /usr/ .

                All configuration files are sorted by their filename in lexicographic order, regardless of which of the directories they reside in. If multiple files specify the same option, the entry in the file with the lexicographically latest name will take precedence. Thus, the configuration in a certain file may either be replaced completely (by placing a file with the same name in a directory with higher priority), or individual settings might be changed (by specifying additional settings in a file with a different name that is ordered later).

                Packages should install their configuration files in /usr/lib/ (distribution packages) or /usr/local/lib/ (local installs). Files in /etc/ are reserved for the local administrator, who may use this logic to override the configuration files installed by vendor packages. It is recommended to prefix all filenames with a two-digit number and a dash, to simplify the ordering of the files.

                If the administrator wants to disable a configuration file supplied by the vendor, the recommended way is to place a symlink to /dev/null in the configuration directory in /etc/ , with the same filename as the vendor configuration file. If the vendor configuration file is included in the initrd image, the image has to be regenerated.

                Fail

                3.3.1 Ensure source routed packets are not accepted

                Description:

                In networking, source routing allows a sender to partially or fully specify the route packets take through a network. In contrast, non-source routed packets travel a path determined by routers in the network. In some cases, systems may not be routable or reachable from some locations (e.g. private addresses vs. Internet routable), and so source routed packets would need to be used.

                Setting net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route , net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route , net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route and net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route to 0 disables the system from accepting source routed packets. Assume this system was capable of routing packets to Internet routable addresses on one interface and private addresses on another interface. Assume that the private addresses were not routable to the Internet routable addresses and vice versa. Under normal routing circumstances, an attacker from the Internet routable addresses could not use the system as a way to reach the private address systems. If, however, source routed packets were allowed, they could be used to gain access to the private address systems as the route could be specified, rather than rely on routing protocols that did not allow this routing.

                Set the following parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf or a file in /etc/sysctl.d/ ending in .conf :

                • net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0
                • net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0

                Example:

                # printf "

                net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0

                net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0

                " >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-netipv4_sysctl.conf

                Run the following command to set the active kernel parameters:

                # {

                sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route=0

                sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route=0

                sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1

                }

                -IF- IPv6 is enabled on the system:

                Set the following parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf or a file in /etc/sysctl.d/ ending in .conf :

                • net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0
                • net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0

                Example:

                # printf "

                net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0

                net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0

                " >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-netipv6_sysctl.conf

                Run the following command to set the active kernel parameters:

                # {

                sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route=0

                sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route=0

                sysctl -w net.ipv6.route.flush=1

                }

                Note: If these settings appear in a conically later file, or later in the same file, these settings will be overwritten

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                AND
                Complex Check
                AND
                Complex Check
                AND
                Script: sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** FAIL **
                • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                • - "net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route" is not set in an included file
                • ** Note: "net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **
                • - Correctly set:
                • - "net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration
                No error lines were collected.
                Script: sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** FAIL **
                • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                • - "net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"
                • - "net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route" is not set in an included file
                • ** Note: "net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **
                No error lines were collected.
                Script: sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** FAIL **
                • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                • - "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route" is not set in an included file
                • ** Note: "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **
                • - Correctly set:
                • - "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration
                No error lines were collected.
                Script: sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** FAIL **
                • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                • - "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route" is not set in an included file
                • ** Note: "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **
                • - Correctly set:
                • - "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration
                No error lines were collected.


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.1_Ensure_source_routed_packets_are_not_accepted"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.902Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995139_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                                  xccdf="fail"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                                  exit-value="102">
                     <out>
                        <l/>
                        <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                        <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                        <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                        <l/>
                        <l> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route" is not set in an included file</l>
                        <l>   ** Note: "net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</l>
                        <l/>
                        <l/>
                        <l/>
                        <l>- Correctly set:</l>
                        <l/>
                        <l> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration</l>
                        <l/>
                     </out>
                     <err/>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>102</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li/>
                                    <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                                    <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                                    <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                                    <li/>
                                    <li> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route" is not set in an included file</li>
                                    <li>   ** Note: "net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</li>
                                    <li/>
                                    <li/>
                                    <li/>
                                    <li>- Correctly set:</li>
                                    <li/>
                                    <li> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration</li>
                                    <li/>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995143_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                                  xccdf="fail"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                                  exit-value="102">
                     <out>
                        <l/>
                        <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                        <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                        <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                        <l/>
                        <l> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"</l>
                        <l> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route" is not set in an included file</l>
                        <l>   ** Note: "net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</l>
                        <l/>
                        <l/>
                     </out>
                     <err/>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>102</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li/>
                                    <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                                    <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                                    <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                                    <li/>
                                    <li> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"</li>
                                    <li> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route" is not set in an included file</li>
                                    <li>   ** Note: "net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</li>
                                    <li/>
                                    <li/>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995148_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                               xccdf="fail"
                               script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                               exit-value="102">
                  <out>
                     <l/>
                     <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                     <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                     <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                     <l/>
                     <l> - "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route" is not set in an included file</l>
                     <l>   ** Note: "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</l>
                     <l/>
                     <l/>
                     <l/>
                     <l>- Correctly set:</l>
                     <l/>
                     <l> - "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration</l>
                     <l/>
                  </out>
                  <err/>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>102</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li/>
                                 <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                                 <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                                 <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                                 <li/>
                                 <li> - "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route" is not set in an included file</li>
                                 <li>   ** Note: "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</li>
                                 <li/>
                                 <li/>
                                 <li/>
                                 <li>- Correctly set:</li>
                                 <li/>
                                 <li> - "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration</li>
                                 <li/>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995152_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route" is not set in an included file</l>
                  <l>   ** Note: "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Correctly set:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route" is not set in an included file</li>
                              <li>   ** Note: "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Correctly set:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.2
                  Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                  Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.8
                  Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                  Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                  Implementation Group: IG-2
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Fail

                3.3.2 Ensure ICMP redirects are not accepted

                Description:

                ICMP redirect messages are packets that convey routing information and tell your host (acting as a router) to send packets via an alternate path. It is a way of allowing an outside routing device to update your system routing tables.

                ICMP redirect messages are packets that convey routing information and tell your host (acting as a router) to send packets via an alternate path. It is a way of allowing an outside routing device to update your system routing tables. By setting net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects , net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects , net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects , and net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects to 0 , the system will not accept any ICMP redirect messages, and therefore, won't allow outsiders to update the system's routing tables.

                Set the following parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf or a file in /etc/sysctl.d/ ending in .conf :

                • net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
                • net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0

                Example:

                # printf "

                net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0

                net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0

                " >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-netipv4_sysctl.conf

                Run the following command to set the active kernel parameters:

                # {

                sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects=0

                sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects=0

                sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1

                }

                -IF- IPv6 is enabled on the system:

                Set the following parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf or a file in /etc/sysctl.d/ ending in .conf :

                • net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
                • net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0

                Example:

                # printf "

                net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0

                net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0

                " >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-netipv6_sysctl.conf

                Run the following command to set the active kernel parameters:

                # {

                sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects=0

                sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects=0

                sysctl -w net.ipv6.route.flush=1

                }

                Note: If these settings appear in a conically later file, or later in the same file, these settings will be overwritten

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                AND
                Complex Check
                AND
                Complex Check
                AND
                Script: sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh
                Result: Pass
                Exit Value: 101
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** PASS **
                • - "net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration
                • - "net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/ufw/sysctl.conf"
                No error lines were collected.
                Script: sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** FAIL **
                • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                • - "net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"
                • - Correctly set:
                • - "net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/ufw/sysctl.conf"
                No error lines were collected.
                Script: sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** FAIL **
                • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                • - "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"
                • - Correctly set:
                • - "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/ufw/sysctl.conf"
                No error lines were collected.
                Script: sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** FAIL **
                • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                • - "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"
                • - Correctly set:
                • - "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/ufw/sysctl.conf"
                No error lines were collected.


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.2_Ensure_ICMP_redirects_are_not_accepted"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.902Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995159_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                                  xccdf="pass"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                                  exit-value="101">
                     <out>
                        <l/>
                        <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                        <l>  ** PASS **</l>
                        <l/>
                        <l> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration</l>
                        <l> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/ufw/sysctl.conf"</l>
                        <l/>
                        <l/>
                     </out>
                     <err/>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>101</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li/>
                                    <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                                    <li>  ** PASS **</li>
                                    <li/>
                                    <li> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in the running configuration</li>
                                    <li> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/ufw/sysctl.conf"</li>
                                    <li/>
                                    <li/>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995164_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                                  xccdf="fail"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                                  exit-value="102">
                     <out>
                        <l/>
                        <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                        <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                        <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                        <l/>
                        <l> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"</l>
                        <l/>
                        <l/>
                        <l>- Correctly set:</l>
                        <l/>
                        <l> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/ufw/sysctl.conf"</l>
                        <l/>
                        <l/>
                     </out>
                     <err/>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>102</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li/>
                                    <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                                    <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                                    <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                                    <li/>
                                    <li> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"</li>
                                    <li/>
                                    <li/>
                                    <li>- Correctly set:</li>
                                    <li/>
                                    <li> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/ufw/sysctl.conf"</li>
                                    <li/>
                                    <li/>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995168_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                               xccdf="fail"
                               script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                               exit-value="102">
                  <out>
                     <l/>
                     <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                     <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                     <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                     <l/>
                     <l> - "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"</l>
                     <l/>
                     <l/>
                     <l>- Correctly set:</l>
                     <l/>
                     <l> - "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/ufw/sysctl.conf"</l>
                     <l/>
                     <l/>
                  </out>
                  <err/>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>102</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li/>
                                 <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                                 <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                                 <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                                 <li/>
                                 <li> - "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"</li>
                                 <li/>
                                 <li/>
                                 <li>- Correctly set:</li>
                                 <li/>
                                 <li> - "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/ufw/sysctl.conf"</li>
                                 <li/>
                                 <li/>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995172_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Correctly set:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/ufw/sysctl.conf"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Correctly set:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects" is correctly set to "0" in "/etc/ufw/sysctl.conf"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.2
                  Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                  Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.8
                  Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                  Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                  Implementation Group: IG-2
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Fail

                3.3.3 Ensure secure ICMP redirects are not accepted

                Description:

                Secure ICMP redirects are the same as ICMP redirects, except they come from gateways listed on the default gateway list. It is assumed that these gateways are known to your system, and that they are likely to be secure.

                It is still possible for even known gateways to be compromised. Setting net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects and net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects to 0 protects the system from routing table updates by possibly compromised known gateways.

                Set the following parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf or a file in /etc/sysctl.d/ ending in .conf :

                • net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects = 0
                • net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects = 0

                Example:

                # printf "

                net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects = 0

                net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects = 0

                " >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-netipv4_sysctl.conf

                Run the following commands to set the active kernel parameters:

                # {

                sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects=0

                sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects=0

                sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1

                }

                Note: If these settings appear in a conically later file, or later in the same file, these settings will be overwritten

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                AND
                Script: sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** FAIL **
                • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                • - "net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"
                • - "net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects" is not set in an included file
                • ** Note: "net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **
                No error lines were collected.
                Script: sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** FAIL **
                • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                • - "net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"
                • - "net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects" is not set in an included file
                • ** Note: "net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **
                No error lines were collected.


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.3_Ensure_secure_ICMP_redirects_are_not_accepted"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.902Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995179_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"</l>
                  <l> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects" is not set in an included file</l>
                  <l>   ** Note: "net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"</li>
                              <li> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects" is not set in an included file</li>
                              <li>   ** Note: "net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995182_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"</l>
                  <l> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects" is not set in an included file</l>
                  <l>   ** Note: "net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"</li>
                              <li> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects" is not set in an included file</li>
                              <li>   ** Note: "net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.2
                  Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                  Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.8
                  Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                  Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                  Implementation Group: IG-2
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Fail

                3.3.4 Ensure suspicious packets are logged

                Description:

                When enabled, this feature logs packets with un-routable source addresses to the kernel log.

                Setting net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians and net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians to 1` enables this feature. Logging these packets allows an administrator to investigate the possibility that an attacker is sending spoofed packets to their system.

                Set the following parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf or a file in /etc/sysctl.d/ ending in .conf :

                • net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1
                • net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians = 1

                Example:

                # printf "

                net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1

                net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians = 1

                " >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-netipv4_sysctl.conf

                Run the following command to set the active kernel parameters:

                # {

                sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians=1

                sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians=1

                sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1

                }

                Note: If these settings appear in a conically later file, or later in the same file, these settings will be overwritten

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                AND
                Script: sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** FAIL **
                • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                • - "net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians" is incorrectly set to "0" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "1"
                • - "net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians" is incorrectly set to "0" in "/etc/ufw/sysctl.conf" and should have a value of: "1"
                No error lines were collected.
                Script: sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** FAIL **
                • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                • - "net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians" is incorrectly set to "0" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "1"
                • - "net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians" is incorrectly set to "0" in "/etc/ufw/sysctl.conf" and should have a value of: "1"
                No error lines were collected.


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.4_Ensure_suspicious_packets_are_logged"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.902Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995187_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians" is incorrectly set to "0" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "1"</l>
                  <l> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians" is incorrectly set to "0" in "/etc/ufw/sysctl.conf" and should have a value of: "1"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians" is incorrectly set to "0" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "1"</li>
                              <li> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians" is incorrectly set to "0" in "/etc/ufw/sysctl.conf" and should have a value of: "1"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995191_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians" is incorrectly set to "0" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "1"</l>
                  <l> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians" is incorrectly set to "0" in "/etc/ufw/sysctl.conf" and should have a value of: "1"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians" is incorrectly set to "0" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "1"</li>
                              <li> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians" is incorrectly set to "0" in "/etc/ufw/sysctl.conf" and should have a value of: "1"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                  Subcontrol: 6.2
                  Label: Activate audit logging
                  Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices.
                • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                  Subcontrol: 6.3
                  Label: Enable Detailed Logging
                  Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                  Safeguard: 8.5
                  Label: Collect Detailed Audit Logs
                  Description: Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data. Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.
                  Implementation Group: IG-2
                  Security Function: Detect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Pass

                3.3.5 Ensure broadcast ICMP requests are ignored

                Description:

                Setting net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts to 1 will cause the system to ignore all ICMP echo and timestamp requests to broadcast and multicast addresses.

                Accepting ICMP echo and timestamp requests with broadcast or multicast destinations for your network could be used to trick your host into starting (or participating) in a Smurf attack. A Smurf attack relies on an attacker sending large amounts of ICMP broadcast messages with a spoofed source address. All hosts receiving this message and responding would send echo-reply messages back to the spoofed address, which is probably not routable. If many hosts respond to the packets, the amount of traffic on the network could be significantly multiplied.

                Set the following parameter in /etc/sysctl.conf or a file in /etc/sysctl.d/ ending in .conf :

                • net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1

                Example:

                # printf "

                net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1

                " >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-netipv4_sysctl.conf

                Run the following command to set the active kernel parameters:

                # {

                sysctl -w net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts=1

                sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1

                }

                Note: If these settings appear in a conically later file, or later in the same file, these settings will be overwritten

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                AND
                Script: sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh
                Result: Pass
                Exit Value: 101
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** PASS **
                • - "net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts" is correctly set to "1" in the running configuration
                • - "net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts" is correctly set to "1" in "/etc/ufw/sysctl.conf"
                No error lines were collected.


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.5_Ensure_broadcast_ICMP_requests_are_ignored"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.902Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995195_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** PASS **</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - "net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts" is correctly set to "1" in the running configuration</l>
                  <l> - "net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts" is correctly set to "1" in "/etc/ufw/sysctl.conf"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** PASS **</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - "net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts" is correctly set to "1" in the running configuration</li>
                              <li> - "net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts" is correctly set to "1" in "/etc/ufw/sysctl.conf"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.2
                  Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                  Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.8
                  Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                  Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                  Implementation Group: IG-2
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Pass

                3.3.6 Ensure bogus ICMP responses are ignored

                Description:

                Setting net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses to 1 prevents the kernel from logging bogus responses (RFC-1122 non-compliant) from broadcast reframes, keeping file systems from filling up with useless log messages.

                Some routers (and some attackers) will send responses that violate RFC-1122 and attempt to fill up a log file system with many useless error messages.

                Set the following parameter in /etc/sysctl.conf or a file in /etc/sysctl.d/ ending in .conf :

                • net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = 1

                Example:

                # printf "

                net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = 1

                " >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-netipv4_sysctl.conf

                Run the following command to set the active kernel parameters:

                # {

                sysctl -w net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses=1

                sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1

                }

                Note: If these settings appear in a conically later file, or later in the same file, these settings will be overwritten

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                AND
                Script: sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh
                Result: Pass
                Exit Value: 101
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** PASS **
                • - "net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses" is correctly set to "1" in the running configuration
                • - "net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses" is correctly set to "1" in "/etc/ufw/sysctl.conf"
                No error lines were collected.


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.6_Ensure_bogus_ICMP_responses_are_ignored"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.902Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1,CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995200_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** PASS **</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - "net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses" is correctly set to "1" in the running configuration</l>
                  <l> - "net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses" is correctly set to "1" in "/etc/ufw/sysctl.conf"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** PASS **</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - "net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses" is correctly set to "1" in the running configuration</li>
                              <li> - "net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses" is correctly set to "1" in "/etc/ufw/sysctl.conf"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1,CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.2
                  Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                  Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.8
                  Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                  Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                  Implementation Group: IG-2
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Fail

                3.3.7 Ensure Reverse Path Filtering is enabled

                Description:

                Setting net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter and net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter to 1 forces the Linux kernel to utilize reverse path filtering on a received packet to determine if the packet was valid. Essentially, with reverse path filtering, if the return packet does not go out the same interface that the corresponding source packet came from, the packet is dropped (and logged if log_martians is set).

                Setting net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter and net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter to 1 is a good way to deter attackers from sending your system bogus packets that cannot be responded to. One instance where this feature breaks down is if asymmetrical routing is employed. This would occur when using dynamic routing protocols (bgp, ospf, etc) on your system. If you are using asymmetrical routing on your system, you will not be able to enable this feature without breaking the routing.

                Set the following parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf or a file in /etc/sysctl.d/ ending in .conf :

                • net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
                • net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1

                Example:

                # printf "

                net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1

                net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1

                " >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-netipv4_sysctl.conf

                Run the following commands to set the active kernel parameters:

                # {

                sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=1

                sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=1

                sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1

                }

                Note: If these settings appear in a conically later file, or later in the same file, these settings will be overwritten

                Impact:

                If you are using asymmetrical routing on your system, you will not be able to enable this feature without breaking the routing.

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                AND
                Script: sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** FAIL **
                • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                • - "net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter" is incorrectly set to "2" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "1"
                • - "net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter" is incorrectly set to "2" in "/etc/sysctl.d/10-network-security.conf" and should have a value of: "1"
                No error lines were collected.
                Script: sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** FAIL **
                • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                • - "net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter" is incorrectly set to "2" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "1"
                • - "net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter" is incorrectly set to "2" in "/etc/sysctl.d/10-network-security.conf" and should have a value of: "1"
                No error lines were collected.


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.7_Ensure_Reverse_Path_Filtering_is_enabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.902Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1,CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995205_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter" is incorrectly set to "2" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "1"</l>
                  <l> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter" is incorrectly set to "2" in "/etc/sysctl.d/10-network-security.conf" and should have a value of: "1"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter" is incorrectly set to "2" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "1"</li>
                              <li> - "net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter" is incorrectly set to "2" in "/etc/sysctl.d/10-network-security.conf" and should have a value of: "1"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995209_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter" is incorrectly set to "2" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "1"</l>
                  <l> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter" is incorrectly set to "2" in "/etc/sysctl.d/10-network-security.conf" and should have a value of: "1"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter" is incorrectly set to "2" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "1"</li>
                              <li> - "net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter" is incorrectly set to "2" in "/etc/sysctl.d/10-network-security.conf" and should have a value of: "1"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1,CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.2
                  Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                  Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.8
                  Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                  Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                  Implementation Group: IG-2
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Fail

                3.3.8 Ensure TCP SYN Cookies is enabled

                Description:

                When tcp_syncookies is set, the kernel will handle TCP SYN packets normally until the half-open connection queue is full, at which time, the SYN cookie functionality kicks in. SYN cookies work by not using the SYN queue at all. Instead, the kernel simply replies to the SYN with a SYN|ACK, but will include a specially crafted TCP sequence number that encodes the source and destination IP address and port number and the time the packet was sent. A legitimate connection would send the ACK packet of the three way handshake with the specially crafted sequence number. This allows the system to verify that it has received a valid response to a SYN cookie and allow the connection, even though there is no corresponding SYN in the queue.

                Attackers use SYN flood attacks to perform a denial of service attacked on a system by sending many SYN packets without completing the three way handshake. This will quickly use up slots in the kernel's half-open connection queue and prevent legitimate connections from succeeding. Setting net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies to 1 enables SYN cookies, allowing the system to keep accepting valid connections, even if under a denial of service attack.

                Set the following parameter in /etc/sysctl.conf or a file in /etc/sysctl.d/ ending in .conf :

                • net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

                Example:

                # printf "

                net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

                " >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-netipv4_sysctl.conf

                Run the following command to set the active kernel parameters:

                # {

                sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1

                sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1

                }

                Note: If these settings appear in a conically later file, or later in the same file, these settings will be overwritten

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                AND
                Script: sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** FAIL **
                • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                • - "net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies" is not set in an included file
                • ** Note: "net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **
                • - Correctly set:
                • - "net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies" is correctly set to "1" in the running configuration
                No error lines were collected.


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.8_Ensure_TCP_SYN_Cookies_is_enabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.902Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1,CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995213_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - "net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies" is not set in an included file</l>
                  <l>   ** Note: "net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Correctly set:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - "net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies" is correctly set to "1" in the running configuration</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - "net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies" is not set in an included file</li>
                              <li>   ** Note: "net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Correctly set:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - "net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies" is correctly set to "1" in the running configuration</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1,CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.2
                  Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                  Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.8
                  Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                  Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                  Implementation Group: IG-2
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Fail

                3.3.9 Ensure IPv6 router advertisements are not accepted

                Description:

                This setting disables the system's ability to accept IPv6 router advertisements.

                It is recommended that systems do not accept router advertisements as they could be tricked into routing traffic to compromised machines. Setting hard routes within the system (usually a single default route to a trusted router) protects the system from bad routes. Setting net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra and net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra to 0 disables the system's ability to accept IPv6 router advertisements.

                -IF- IPv6 is enabled on the system:

                Set the following parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf or a file in /etc/sysctl.d/ ending in .conf :

                • net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra = 0
                • net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra = 0

                Example:

                # printf "

                net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra = 0

                net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra = 0

                " >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-netipv6_sysctl.conf

                Run the following command to set the active kernel parameters:

                # {

                sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra=0

                sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra=0

                sysctl -w net.ipv6.route.flush=1

                }

                Note: If these settings appear in a conically later file, or later in the same file, these settings will be overwritten

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                AND
                Script: sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** FAIL **
                • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                • - "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"
                • - "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra" is not set in an included file
                • ** Note: "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **
                No error lines were collected.
                Script: sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** FAIL **
                • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                • - "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"
                • - "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra" is not set in an included file
                • ** Note: "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **
                No error lines were collected.


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.3.9_Ensure_IPv6_router_advertisements_are_not_accepted"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.903Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1,CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995218_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"</l>
                  <l> - "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra" is not set in an included file</l>
                  <l>   ** Note: "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"</li>
                              <li> - "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra" is not set in an included file</li>
                              <li>   ** Note: "net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995222_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"</l>
                  <l> - "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra" is not set in an included file</l>
                  <l>   ** Note: "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_kernel_parameter_chk_v2.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra" is incorrectly set to "1" in the running configuration and should have a value of: "0"</li>
                              <li> - "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra" is not set in an included file</li>
                              <li>   ** Note: "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra" May be set in a file that's ignored by load procedure **</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1,CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.2
                  Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                  Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.8
                  Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                  Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                  Implementation Group: IG-2
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary

                3.4 Firewall Configuration

                A firewall is a set of rules. When a data packet moves into or out of a protected network space, its contents (in particular, information about its origin, target, and the protocol it plans to use) are tested against the firewall rules to see if it should be allowed through

                To provide a Host Based Firewall, the Linux kernel includes support for:

                • Netfilter - A set of hooks inside the Linux kernel that allows kernel modules to register callback functions with the network stack. A registered callback function is then called back for every packet that traverses the respective hook within the network stack. Includes the ip_tables, ip6_tables, arp_tables, and ebtables kernel modules. These modules are some of the significant parts of the Netfilter hook system.
                • nftables - A subsystem of the Linux kernel providing filtering and classification of network packets/datagrams/frames. nftables is supposed to replace certain parts of Netfilter, while keeping and reusing most of it. nftables utilizes the building blocks of the Netfilter infrastructure, such as the existing hooks into the networking stack, connection tracking system, userspace queueing component, and logging subsystem. Is available in Linux kernels 3.13 and newer .

                In order to configure firewall rules for Netfilter or nftables, a firewall utility needs to be installed. Guidance has been included for the following firewall utilities:

                • UncomplicatedFirewall (ufw) - Provides firewall features by acting as a front-end for the Linux kernel's netfilter framework via the iptables backend. ufw supports both IPv4 and IPv6 networks
                • nftables - Includes the nft utility for configuration of the nftables subsystem of the Linux kernel
                • iptables - Includes the iptables, ip6tables, arptables and ebtables utilities for configuration Netfilter and the ip_tables, ip6_tables, arp_tables, and ebtables kernel modules.

                Note:

                • Only one method should be used to configure a firewall on the system. Use of more than one method could produce unexpected results
                • This section is intended only to ensure the resulting firewall rules are in place, not how they are configured

                3.4.1 Configure UncomplicatedFirewall

                If nftables or iptables are being used in your environment, please follow the guidance in their respective section and pass-over the guidance in this section.

                Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW) is a program for managing a netfilter firewall designed to be easy to use.

                • Uses a command-line interface consisting of a small number of simple commands
                • Uses iptables for configuration
                • Rules are processed until first matching rule. The first matching rule will be applied.

                Note:

                • Configuration of a live system's firewall directly over a remote connection will often result in being locked out
                • Rules should be ordered so that ALLOW rules come before DENY rules.
                Pass

                3.4.1.1 Ensure ufw is installed

                Description:

                The Uncomplicated Firewall (ufw) is a frontend for iptables and is particularly well-suited for host-based firewalls. ufw provides a framework for managing netfilter, as well as a command-line interface for manipulating the firewall

                A firewall utility is required to configure the Linux kernel's netfilter framework via the iptables or nftables back-end.

                The Linux kernel's netfilter framework host-based firewall can protect against threats originating from within a corporate network to include malicious mobile code and poorly configured software on a host.

                Note: Only one firewall utility should be installed and configured. UFW is dependent on the iptables package

                Run the following command to install Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW):

                apt install ufw

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'ufw' is installed
                Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                Item Check: All
                Result: Pass
                Dpkginfo Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Name String Exists ufw
                Arch String Exists all
                Epoch String Exists (none)
                Release String Exists 6ubuntu1
                Version String Exists 0.36
                Evr Evr String Exists 0:0.36-6ubuntu1
                Script: sce/no_ufw.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured
                No error lines were collected.


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1.1_Ensure_ufw_is_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.904Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SC-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995225"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995225">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995225"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'ufw' is installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>ufw</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>all</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>(none)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>6ubuntu1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0.36</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0:0.36-6ubuntu1</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/no_ufw.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/no_ufw.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/no_ufw.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/no_ufw.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SC-7

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.4
                  Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                  Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.4
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers
                  Description: Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example implementations include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-party firewall agent.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.5
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on End-User Devices
                  Description: Implement and manage a host-based firewall or port-filtering tool on end-user devices, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Pass

                3.4.1.2 Ensure iptables-persistent is not installed with ufw

                Description:

                The iptables-persistent is a boot-time loader for netfilter rules, iptables plugin

                Running both ufw and the services included in the iptables-persistent package may lead to conflict

                Run the following command to remove the iptables-persistent package:

                # apt purge iptables-persistent

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'iptables-persistent' is not installed
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Pass
                No matching system items were found.
                Script: sce/no_ufw.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured
                No error lines were collected.


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1.2_Ensure_iptables-persistent_is_not_installed_with_ufw"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.905Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SC-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995234"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995234">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995234"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'iptables-persistent' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/no_ufw.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/no_ufw.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/no_ufw.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/no_ufw.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SC-7

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.4
                  Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                  Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.4
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers
                  Description: Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example implementations include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-party firewall agent.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.5
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on End-User Devices
                  Description: Implement and manage a host-based firewall or port-filtering tool on end-user devices, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Fail

                3.4.1.3 Ensure ufw service is enabled

                Description:

                UncomplicatedFirewall (ufw) is a frontend for iptables. ufw provides a framework for managing netfilter, as well as a command-line and available graphical user interface for manipulating the firewall.

                Note:

                • When running ufw enable or starting ufw via its initscript, ufw will flush its chains. This is required so ufw can maintain a consistent state, but it may drop existing connections (eg ssh). ufw does support adding rules before enabling the firewall.
                • Run the following command before running ufw enable .
                # ufw allow proto tcp from any to any port 22
                • The rules will still be flushed, but the ssh port will be open after enabling the firewall. Please note that once ufw is 'enabled', ufw will not flush the chains when adding or removing rules (but will when modifying a rule or changing the default policy)
                • By default, ufw will prompt when enabling the firewall while running under ssh. This can be disabled by using ufw --force enable

                The ufw service must be enabled and running in order for ufw to protect the system

                Run the following command to unmask the ufw daemon:

                # systemctl unmask ufw.service

                Run the following command to enable and start the ufw daemon:

                # systemctl --now enable ufw.service



                active

                Run the following command to enable ufw:

                # ufw enable

                Impact:

                Changing firewall settings while connected over network can result in being locked out of the system.

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Script: sce/ufw_enabled.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • Failed. UFW status is: "Status: inactive"
                No error lines were collected.
                Script: sce/no_ufw.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured
                No error lines were collected.


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1.3_Ensure_ufw_service_is_enabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.905Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/precise/en/man8/ufw.8.html</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SC-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ufw_enabled.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/ufw_enabled.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/ufw_enabled.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>Failed. UFW status is: "Status: inactive"</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/ufw_enabled.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Failed. UFW status is: "Status: inactive"</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/no_ufw.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/no_ufw.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/no_ufw.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/no_ufw.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/precise/en/man8/ufw.8.html
                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SC-7

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.4
                  Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                  Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.4
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers
                  Description: Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example implementations include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-party firewall agent.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.5
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on End-User Devices
                  Description: Implement and manage a host-based firewall or port-filtering tool on end-user devices, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Fail

                3.4.1.4 Ensure ufw loopback traffic is configured

                Description:

                Configure the loopback interface to accept traffic. Configure all other interfaces to deny traffic to the loopback network (127.0.0.0/8 for IPv4 and ::1/128 for IPv6).

                Loopback traffic is generated between processes on machine and is typically critical to operation of the system. The loopback interface is the only place that loopback network (127.0.0.0/8 for IPv4 and ::1/128 for IPv6) traffic should be seen, all other interfaces should ignore traffic on this network as an anti-spoofing measure.

                Run the following commands to implement the loopback rules:

                # ufw allow in on lo

                # ufw allow out on lo

                # ufw deny in from 127.0.0.0/8

                # ufw deny in from ::1

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Complex Check
                AND
                Complex Check
                OR
                Script: sce/ufw_status.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • Missing ufw rule.
                No error lines were collected.
                Script: sce/nix_ipv6_disabled_chk.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • - Audit Results:
                • ** Fail **
                • - IPv6 is enabled on the system
                No error lines were collected.
                Script: sce/ufw_status.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • Missing ufw rule.
                No error lines were collected.
                Script: sce/no_ufw.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured
                No error lines were collected.


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1.4_Ensure_ufw_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.906Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SC-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995249_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ufw_status.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/ufw_status.sh"
                                  xccdf="fail"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/ufw_status.sh"
                                  exit-value="102">
                     <out>
                        <l>Missing ufw rule.</l>
                     </out>
                     <err/>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/ufw_status.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>102</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li>Missing ufw rule.</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_ipv6_disabled_chk.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/nix_ipv6_disabled_chk.sh"
                                  xccdf="fail"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_ipv6_disabled_chk.sh"
                                  exit-value="102">
                     <out>
                        <l/>
                        <l>- Audit Results:</l>
                        <l> ** Fail **</l>
                        <l> - IPv6 is enabled on the system</l>
                     </out>
                     <err/>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/nix_ipv6_disabled_chk.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>102</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li/>
                                    <li>- Audit Results:</li>
                                    <li> ** Fail **</li>
                                    <li> - IPv6 is enabled on the system</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995246_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ufw_status.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/ufw_status.sh"
                               xccdf="fail"
                               script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/ufw_status.sh"
                               exit-value="102">
                  <out>
                     <l>Missing ufw rule.</l>
                  </out>
                  <err/>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/ufw_status.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>102</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li>Missing ufw rule.</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/no_ufw.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/no_ufw.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/no_ufw.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/no_ufw.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SC-7

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.4
                  Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                  Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.4
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers
                  Description: Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example implementations include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-party firewall agent.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.5
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on End-User Devices
                  Description: Implement and manage a host-based firewall or port-filtering tool on end-user devices, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Manual

                3.4.1.5 Ensure ufw outbound connections are configured

                Description:

                Configure the firewall rules for new outbound connections.

                Note:

                • Changing firewall settings while connected over network can result in being locked out of the system.
                • Unlike iptables, when a new outbound rule is added, ufw automatically takes care of associated established connections, so no rules for the latter kind are required.

                If rules are not in place for new outbound connections all packets will be dropped by the default policy preventing network usage.

                Configure ufw in accordance with site policy. The following commands will implement a policy to allow all outbound connections on all interfaces:

                # ufw allow out on all



                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1.5_Ensure_ufw_outbound_connections_are_configured"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.906Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SC-7</xccdf:ident>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SC-7

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.4
                  Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                  Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.4
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers
                  Description: Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example implementations include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-party firewall agent.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.5
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on End-User Devices
                  Description: Implement and manage a host-based firewall or port-filtering tool on end-user devices, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Fail

                3.4.1.6 Ensure ufw firewall rules exist for all open ports

                Description:

                Services and ports can be accepted or explicitly rejected.

                Note:

                • Changing firewall settings while connected over network can result in being locked out of the system
                • The remediation command opens up the port to traffic from all sources. Consult ufw documentation and set any restrictions in compliance with site policy

                To reduce the attack surface of a system, all services and ports should be blocked unless required.

                • Any ports that have been opened on non-loopback addresses need firewall rules to govern traffic.
                • Without a firewall rule configured for open ports, the default firewall policy will drop all packets to these ports.
                • Required ports should have a firewall rule created to allow approved connections in accordance with local site policy.
                • Unapproved ports should have an explicit deny rule created.

                For each port identified in the audit which does not have a firewall rule, evaluate the service listening on the port and add a rule for accepting or denying inbound connections in accordance with local site policy:

                Examples:

                # ufw allow in <port>/<tcp or udp protocol>



                # ufw deny in <port>/<tcp or udp protocol>

                Note: Examples create rules for from any, to any. More specific rules should be concentered when allowing inbound traffic e.g only traffic from this network.

                Example to allow traffic on port 443 using the tcp protocol from the 192.168.1.0 network:

                ufw allow from 192.168.1.0/24 to any proto tcp port 443

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Script: sce/ufw_open_ports.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** FAIL **
                • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                • - The following port(s) don't have a rule in UFW:
                • 10250
                • 10256
                • 22
                • 2379
                • 2380
                • 40200
                • 40205
                • 40300
                • 40305
                • 6443
                • 68
                • 8472
                • - End List
                No error lines were collected.
                Script: sce/no_ufw.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured
                No error lines were collected.


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1.6_Ensure_ufw_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.907Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SC-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ufw_open_ports.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/ufw_open_ports.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/ufw_open_ports.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l>- The following port(s) don't have a rule in UFW: </l>
                  <l>10250</l>
                  <l>10256</l>
                  <l>22</l>
                  <l>2379</l>
                  <l>2380</l>
                  <l>40200</l>
                  <l>40205</l>
                  <l>40300</l>
                  <l>40305</l>
                  <l>6443</l>
                  <l>68</l>
                  <l>8472</l>
                  <l>- End List</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/ufw_open_ports.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li>- The following port(s) don't have a rule in UFW: </li>
                              <li>10250</li>
                              <li>10256</li>
                              <li>22</li>
                              <li>2379</li>
                              <li>2380</li>
                              <li>40200</li>
                              <li>40205</li>
                              <li>40300</li>
                              <li>40305</li>
                              <li>6443</li>
                              <li>68</li>
                              <li>8472</li>
                              <li>- End List</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/no_ufw.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/no_ufw.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/no_ufw.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/no_ufw.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SC-7

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.4
                  Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                  Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.4
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers
                  Description: Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example implementations include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-party firewall agent.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Fail

                3.4.1.7 Ensure ufw default deny firewall policy

                Description:

                A default deny policy on connections ensures that any unconfigured network usage will be rejected.

                Note: Any port or protocol without a explicit allow before the default deny will be blocked

                With a default accept policy the firewall will accept any packet that is not configured to be denied. It is easier to white list acceptable usage than to black list unacceptable usage.

                Run the following commands to implement a default deny policy:

                # ufw default deny incoming

                # ufw default deny outgoing

                # ufw default deny routed

                Impact:

                Any port and protocol not explicitly allowed will be blocked. The following rules should be considered before applying the default deny.

                ufw allow git

                ufw allow in http

                ufw allow out http <- required for apt to connect to repository

                ufw allow in https

                ufw allow out https

                ufw allow out 53

                ufw logging on

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Complex Check
                AND
                Complex Check
                AND
                Script: sce/ufw_status.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • Missing ufw rule.
                No error lines were collected.
                Script: sce/ufw_status.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • Missing ufw rule.
                No error lines were collected.
                Script: sce/ufw_status.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • Missing ufw rule.
                No error lines were collected.
                Script: sce/no_ufw.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured
                No error lines were collected.


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.1.7_Ensure_ufw_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.907Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SC-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995264_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ufw_status.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/ufw_status.sh"
                                  xccdf="fail"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/ufw_status.sh"
                                  exit-value="102">
                     <out>
                        <l>Missing ufw rule.</l>
                     </out>
                     <err/>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/ufw_status.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>102</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li>Missing ufw rule.</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995267_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ufw_status.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/ufw_status.sh"
                                  xccdf="fail"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/ufw_status.sh"
                                  exit-value="102">
                     <out>
                        <l>Missing ufw rule.</l>
                     </out>
                     <err/>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/ufw_status.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>102</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li>Missing ufw rule.</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995269_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ufw_status.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/ufw_status.sh"
                               xccdf="fail"
                               script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/ufw_status.sh"
                               exit-value="102">
                  <out>
                     <l>Missing ufw rule.</l>
                  </out>
                  <err/>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/ufw_status.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>102</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li>Missing ufw rule.</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/no_ufw.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/no_ufw.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/no_ufw.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/no_ufw.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Both IPTables and NFTables are not configured</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SC-7

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.4
                  Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                  Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.4
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers
                  Description: Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example implementations include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-party firewall agent.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.5
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on End-User Devices
                  Description: Implement and manage a host-based firewall or port-filtering tool on end-user devices, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary

                3.4.2 Configure nftables

                If Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW) or iptables are being used in your environment, please follow the guidance in their respective section and pass-over the guidance in this section.

                nftables is a subsystem of the Linux kernel providing filtering and classification of network packets/datagrams/frames and is the successor to iptables. The biggest change with the successor nftables is its simplicity. With iptables, we have to configure every single rule and use the syntax which can be compared with normal commands. With nftables, the simpler syntax, much like BPF (Berkely Packet Filter) means shorter lines and less repetition. Support for nftables should also be compiled into the kernel, together with the related nftables modules. Please ensure that your kernel supports nf_tables before choosing this option.

                Note:

                • This section broadly assumes starting with an empty nftables firewall ruleset (established by flushing the rules with nft flush ruleset).
                • Remediation steps included only affect the live system, you will also need to configure your default firewall configuration to apply on boot.
                • Configuration of a live systems firewall directly over a remote connection will often result in being locked out. It is advised to have a known good firewall configuration set to run on boot and to configure an entire firewall structure in a script that is then run and tested before saving to boot.

                The following will implement the firewall rules of this section and open ICMP, IGMP, and port 22(ssh) from anywhere. Opening the ports for ICMP, IGMP, and port 22(ssh) needs to be updated in accordance with local site policy. Allow port 22(ssh) needs to be updated to only allow systems requiring ssh connectivity to connect, as per site policy .

                Save the script bellow as /etc/nftables.rules

                #!/sbin/nft -f



                # This nftables.rules config should be saved as /etc/nftables.rules

                # flush nftables rulesset

                flush ruleset

                # Load nftables ruleset

                # nftables config with inet table named filter

                table inet filter {

                # Base chain for input hook named input (Filters inbound network packets)

                chain input {

                type filter hook input priority 0; policy drop;



                # Ensure loopback traffic is configured

                iif "lo" accept

                ip saddr 127.0.0.0/8 counter packets 0 bytes 0 drop

                ip6 saddr ::1 counter packets 0 bytes 0 drop



                # Ensure established connections are configured

                ip protocol tcp ct state established accept

                ip protocol udp ct state established accept

                ip protocol icmp ct state established accept



                # Accept port 22(SSH) traffic from anywhere

                tcp dport ssh accept



                # Accept ICMP and IGMP from anywhere

                icmpv6 type { destination-unreachable, packet-too-big, time-exceeded, parameter-problem, mld-listener-query, mld-listener-report, mld-listener-done, nd-router-solicit, nd-router-advert, nd-neighbor-solicit, nd-neighbor-advert, ind-neighbor-solicit, ind-neighbor-advert, mld2-listener-report } accept

                icmp type { destination-unreachable, router-advertisement, router-solicitation, time-exceeded, parameter-problem } accept

                ip protocol igmp accept

                }



                # Base chain for hook forward named forward (Filters forwarded network packets)

                chain forward {

                type filter hook forward priority 0; policy drop;

                }



                # Base chain for hook output named output (Filters outbount network packets)

                chain output {

                type filter hook output priority 0; policy drop;

                # Ensure outbound and established connections are configured

                ip protocol tcp ct state established,related,new accept

                ip protocol udp ct state established,related,new accept

                ip protocol icmp ct state established,related,new accept

                }

                }

                Run the following command to load the file into nftables

                # nft -f /etc/nftables.rules

                All changes in the nftables subsections are temporary.

                To make these changes permanent:

                Run the following command to create the nftables.rules file

                nft list ruleset > /etc/nftables.rules

                Add the following line to /etc/nftables.conf

                include "/etc/nftables.rules"
                Fail

                3.4.2.1 Ensure nftables is installed

                Description:

                nftables provides a new in-kernel packet classification framework that is based on a network-specific Virtual Machine (VM) and a new nft userspace command line tool. nftables reuses the existing Netfilter subsystems such as the existing hook infrastructure, the connection tracking system, NAT, userspace queuing and logging subsystem.

                Notes:

                • nftables is available in Linux kernel 3.13 and newer
                • Only one firewall utility should be installed and configured
                • Changing firewall settings while connected over the network can result in being locked out of the system

                nftables is a subsystem of the Linux kernel that can protect against threats originating from within a corporate network to include malicious mobile code and poorly configured software on a host.

                Run the following command to install nftables :

                # apt install nftables

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'nftables' is installed
                Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                No matching system items were found.
                Script: sce/deb_no_nftables.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** FAIL **
                • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                • - No firewall is configured on the system
                • -- INFO --
                • - UFW is not configured
                • - NFTables is not configured
                • - IPTables is not configured
                No error lines were collected.


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.1_Ensure_nftables_is_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.907Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9, SC-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995274"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995274">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995274"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'nftables' is installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>  - No firewall is configured on the system</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
                  <l>  -- INFO --</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>  - UFW is not configured</l>
                  <l>  - NFTables is not configured</l>
                  <l>  - IPTables is not configured</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/deb_no_nftables.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>  - No firewall is configured on the system</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                              <li>  -- INFO --</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>  - UFW is not configured</li>
                              <li>  - NFTables is not configured</li>
                              <li>  - IPTables is not configured</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9, SC-7

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.4
                  Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                  Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.4
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers
                  Description: Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example implementations include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-party firewall agent.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.5
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on End-User Devices
                  Description: Implement and manage a host-based firewall or port-filtering tool on end-user devices, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Pass

                3.4.2.2 Ensure ufw is uninstalled or disabled with nftables

                Description:

                Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW) is a program for managing a netfilter firewall designed to be easy to use.

                Running both the nftables service and ufw may lead to conflict and unexpected results.

                Run one of the following to either remove ufwor disable ufw and mask ufw.service :

                Run the following command to remove ufw :

                # apt purge ufw

                -OR-

                Run the following commands to disable ufw and mask ufw.service :

                # ufw disable

                # systemctl stop ufw.service

                # systemctl mask ufw.service

                Note:ufw disable needs to be run before systemctl mask ufw.service in order to correctly disable UFW

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Complex Check
                OR
                Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'ufw' is not installed
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                Dpkginfo Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Name String Exists ufw
                Arch String Exists all
                Epoch String Exists (none)
                Release String Exists 6ubuntu1
                Version String Exists 0.36
                Evr Evr String Exists 0:0.36-6ubuntu1
                Script: sce/ufw_disabled.sh
                Result: Pass
                Exit Value: 101
                Output:
                • Status: inactive
                • UFW status is: "Status: inactive"
                No error lines were collected.
                Script: sce/deb_no_nftables.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** FAIL **
                • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                • - No firewall is configured on the system
                • -- INFO --
                • - UFW is not configured
                • - NFTables is not configured
                • - IPTables is not configured
                No error lines were collected.


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.2_Ensure_ufw_is_uninstalled_or_disabled_with_nftables"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.908Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SC-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995279"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995279">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995279"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure package name equals 'ufw' is not installed</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Name</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>ufw</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Arch</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>all</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Epoch</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>(none)</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Release</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>6ubuntu1</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Version</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>0.36</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Evr</td>
                                 <td>Evr String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>0:0.36-6ubuntu1</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ufw_disabled.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/ufw_disabled.sh"
                               xccdf="pass"
                               script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/ufw_disabled.sh"
                               exit-value="101">
                  <out>
                     <l>Status: inactive</l>
                     <l>UFW status is: "Status: inactive"</l>
                  </out>
                  <err/>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/ufw_disabled.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>101</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li>Status: inactive</li>
                                 <li>UFW status is: "Status: inactive"</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>  - No firewall is configured on the system</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
                  <l>  -- INFO --</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>  - UFW is not configured</l>
                  <l>  - NFTables is not configured</l>
                  <l>  - IPTables is not configured</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/deb_no_nftables.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>  - No firewall is configured on the system</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                              <li>  -- INFO --</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>  - UFW is not configured</li>
                              <li>  - NFTables is not configured</li>
                              <li>  - IPTables is not configured</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SC-7

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.4
                  Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                  Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.4
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers
                  Description: Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example implementations include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-party firewall agent.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.5
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on End-User Devices
                  Description: Implement and manage a host-based firewall or port-filtering tool on end-user devices, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Manual

                3.4.2.3 Ensure iptables are flushed with nftables

                Description:

                nftables is a replacement for iptables, ip6tables, ebtables and arptables

                It is possible to mix iptables and nftables. However, this increases complexity and also the chance to introduce errors. For simplicity flush out all iptables rules, and ensure it is not loaded

                Run the following commands to flush iptables:

                For iptables:

                # iptables -F

                For ip6tables:

                # ip6tables -F



                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.3_Ensure_iptables_are_flushed_with_nftables"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.908Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9, SC-7</xccdf:ident>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9, SC-7

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.4
                  Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                  Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.4
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers
                  Description: Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example implementations include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-party firewall agent.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.5
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on End-User Devices
                  Description: Implement and manage a host-based firewall or port-filtering tool on end-user devices, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Fail

                3.4.2.4 Ensure a nftables table exists

                Description:

                Tables hold chains. Each table only has one address family and only applies to packets of this family. Tables can have one of five families.

                nftables doesn't have any default tables. Without a table being build, nftables will not filter network traffic.

                Run the following command to create a table in nftables

                # nft create table inet <table name>

                Example:

                # nft create table inet filter

                Impact:

                Adding rules to a running nftables can cause loss of connectivity to the system

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Script: sce/nft_tables.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • Missing nftables rule.
                Errors:
                • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nft_tables.sh: line 12: nft: command not found
                Script: sce/deb_no_nftables.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** FAIL **
                • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                • - No firewall is configured on the system
                • -- INFO --
                • - UFW is not configured
                • - NFTables is not configured
                • - IPTables is not configured
                No error lines were collected.


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.4_Ensure_a_nftables_table_exists"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.908Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9, SC-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995287_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nft_tables.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nft_tables.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nft_tables.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>Missing nftables rule.</l>
               </out>
               <err>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nft_tables.sh: line 12: nft: command not found</l>
               </err>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nft_tables.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Missing nftables rule.</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nft_tables.sh: line 12: nft: command not found</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>  - No firewall is configured on the system</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
                  <l>  -- INFO --</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>  - UFW is not configured</l>
                  <l>  - NFTables is not configured</l>
                  <l>  - IPTables is not configured</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/deb_no_nftables.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>  - No firewall is configured on the system</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                              <li>  -- INFO --</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>  - UFW is not configured</li>
                              <li>  - NFTables is not configured</li>
                              <li>  - IPTables is not configured</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9, SC-7

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.4
                  Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                  Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.4
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers
                  Description: Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example implementations include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-party firewall agent.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.5
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on End-User Devices
                  Description: Implement and manage a host-based firewall or port-filtering tool on end-user devices, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Fail

                3.4.2.5 Ensure nftables base chains exist

                Description:

                Chains are containers for rules. They exist in two kinds, base chains and regular chains. A base chain is an entry point for packets from the networking stack, a regular chain may be used as jump target and is used for better rule organization.

                If a base chain doesn't exist with a hook for input, forward, and delete, packets that would flow through those chains will not be touched by nftables.

                Run the following command to create the base chains:

                # nft create chain inet <table name> <base chain name> { type filter hook <(input|forward|output)> priority 0 \; }

                Example:

                # nft create chain inet filter input { type filter hook input priority 0 \; }



                # nft create chain inet filter forward { type filter hook forward priority 0 \; }



                # nft create chain inet filter output { type filter hook output priority 0 \; }

                Impact:

                If configuring nftables over ssh, creating a base chain with a policy of drop will cause loss of connectivity.

                Ensure that a rule allowing ssh has been added to the base chain prior to setting the base chain's policy to drop

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Complex Check
                AND
                Complex Check
                AND
                Script: sce/nft_ruleset.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • Missing nftables rule.
                Errors:
                • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset.sh: line 11: nft: command not found
                Script: sce/nft_ruleset.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • Missing nftables rule.
                Errors:
                • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset.sh: line 11: nft: command not found
                Script: sce/nft_ruleset.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • Missing nftables rule.
                Errors:
                • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset.sh: line 11: nft: command not found
                Script: sce/deb_no_nftables.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** FAIL **
                • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                • - No firewall is configured on the system
                • -- INFO --
                • - UFW is not configured
                • - NFTables is not configured
                • - IPTables is not configured
                No error lines were collected.


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.5_Ensure_nftables_base_chains_exist"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.910Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9, SC-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995292_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nft_ruleset.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/nft_ruleset.sh"
                                  xccdf="fail"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset.sh"
                                  exit-value="102">
                     <out>
                        <l>Missing nftables rule.</l>
                     </out>
                     <err>
                        <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset.sh: line 11: nft: command not found</l>
                     </err>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/nft_ruleset.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>102</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li>Missing nftables rule.</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul>
                                    <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset.sh: line 11: nft: command not found</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995294_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nft_ruleset.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/nft_ruleset.sh"
                                  xccdf="fail"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset.sh"
                                  exit-value="102">
                     <out>
                        <l>Missing nftables rule.</l>
                     </out>
                     <err>
                        <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset.sh: line 11: nft: command not found</l>
                     </err>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/nft_ruleset.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>102</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li>Missing nftables rule.</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul>
                                    <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset.sh: line 11: nft: command not found</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995297_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nft_ruleset.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/nft_ruleset.sh"
                               xccdf="fail"
                               script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset.sh"
                               exit-value="102">
                  <out>
                     <l>Missing nftables rule.</l>
                  </out>
                  <err>
                     <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset.sh: line 11: nft: command not found</l>
                  </err>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/nft_ruleset.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>102</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li>Missing nftables rule.</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul>
                                 <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset.sh: line 11: nft: command not found</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>  - No firewall is configured on the system</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
                  <l>  -- INFO --</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>  - UFW is not configured</l>
                  <l>  - NFTables is not configured</l>
                  <l>  - IPTables is not configured</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/deb_no_nftables.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>  - No firewall is configured on the system</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                              <li>  -- INFO --</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>  - UFW is not configured</li>
                              <li>  - NFTables is not configured</li>
                              <li>  - IPTables is not configured</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9, SC-7

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.4
                  Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                  Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.4
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers
                  Description: Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example implementations include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-party firewall agent.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.5
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on End-User Devices
                  Description: Implement and manage a host-based firewall or port-filtering tool on end-user devices, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Fail

                3.4.2.6 Ensure nftables loopback traffic is configured

                Description:

                Configure the loopback interface to accept traffic. Configure all other interfaces to deny traffic to the loopback network

                Loopback traffic is generated between processes on machine and is typically critical to operation of the system. The loopback interface is the only place that loopback network traffic should be seen, all other interfaces should ignore traffic on this network as an anti-spoofing measure.

                Run the following commands to implement the loopback rules:

                # nft add rule inet filter input iif lo accept # nft create rule inet filter input ip saddr 127.0.0.0/8 counter drop

                -IF- IPv6 is enabled on the system:

                Run the following command to implement the IPv6 loopback rule:

                # nft add rule inet filter input ip6 saddr ::1 counter drop

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Script: sce/nft_loopback.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** FAIL **
                • - * Reasons for audit failure * :
                • - Loopback interface is not configured to accept network traffic
                • - Network traffic from iPv4 loopback interface is not configured to drop
                • - Network traffic from iPv6 loopback interface is not configured to drop
                No error lines were collected.
                Script: sce/deb_no_nftables.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** FAIL **
                • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                • - No firewall is configured on the system
                • -- INFO --
                • - UFW is not configured
                • - NFTables is not configured
                • - IPTables is not configured
                No error lines were collected.


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.6_Ensure_nftables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.910Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9, SC-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nft_loopback.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nft_loopback.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nft_loopback.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - Loopback interface is not configured to accept network traffic</l>
                  <l> - Network traffic from iPv4 loopback interface is not configured to drop</l>
                  <l> - Network traffic from iPv6 loopback interface is not configured to drop</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nft_loopback.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - Loopback interface is not configured to accept network traffic</li>
                              <li> - Network traffic from iPv4 loopback interface is not configured to drop</li>
                              <li> - Network traffic from iPv6 loopback interface is not configured to drop</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>  - No firewall is configured on the system</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
                  <l>  -- INFO --</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>  - UFW is not configured</l>
                  <l>  - NFTables is not configured</l>
                  <l>  - IPTables is not configured</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/deb_no_nftables.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>  - No firewall is configured on the system</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                              <li>  -- INFO --</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>  - UFW is not configured</li>
                              <li>  - NFTables is not configured</li>
                              <li>  - IPTables is not configured</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9, SC-7

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.4
                  Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                  Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.4
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers
                  Description: Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example implementations include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-party firewall agent.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.5
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on End-User Devices
                  Description: Implement and manage a host-based firewall or port-filtering tool on end-user devices, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Manual

                3.4.2.7 Ensure nftables outbound and established connections are configured

                Description:

                Configure the firewall rules for new outbound, and established connections

                If rules are not in place for new outbound, and established connections all packets will be dropped by the default policy preventing network usage.

                Configure nftables in accordance with site policy. The following commands will implement a policy to allow all outbound connections and all established connections:

                # nft add rule inet filter input ip protocol tcp ct state established accept



                # nft add rule inet filter input ip protocol udp ct state established accept



                # nft add rule inet filter input ip protocol icmp ct state established accept



                # nft add rule inet filter output ip protocol tcp ct state new,related,established accept



                # nft add rule inet filter output ip protocol udp ct state new,related,established accept



                # nft add rule inet filter output ip protocol icmp ct state new,related,established accept



                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.7_Ensure_nftables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.910Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9, SC-7</xccdf:ident>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9, SC-7

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.4
                  Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                  Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.4
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers
                  Description: Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example implementations include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-party firewall agent.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.5
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on End-User Devices
                  Description: Implement and manage a host-based firewall or port-filtering tool on end-user devices, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Fail

                3.4.2.8 Ensure nftables default deny firewall policy

                Description:

                Base chain policy is the default verdict that will be applied to packets reaching the end of the chain.

                There are two policies: accept (Default) and drop. If the policy is set to accept , the firewall will accept any packet that is not configured to be denied and the packet will continue transversing the network stack.

                It is easier to white list acceptable usage than to black list unacceptable usage.

                Note: Changing firewall settings while connected over network can result in being locked out of the system.

                Run the following command for the base chains with the input, forward, and output hooks to implement a default DROP policy:

                # nft chain <table family> <table name> <chain name> { policy drop \; }

                Example:

                # nft chain inet filter input { policy drop \; }



                # nft chain inet filter forward { policy drop \; }



                # nft chain inet filter output { policy drop \; }

                Impact:

                If configuring nftables over ssh, creating a base chain with a policy of drop will cause loss of connectivity.

                Ensure that a rule allowing ssh has been added to the base chain prior to setting the base chain's policy to drop

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Complex Check
                AND
                Complex Check
                AND
                Script: sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • "input" basechain does not have a default drop policy
                Errors:
                • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh: line 13: nft: command not found
                Script: sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • "forward" basechain does not have a default drop policy
                Errors:
                • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh: line 13: nft: command not found
                Script: sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • "output" basechain does not have a default drop policy
                Errors:
                • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh: line 13: nft: command not found
                Script: sce/deb_no_nftables.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** FAIL **
                • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                • - No firewall is configured on the system
                • -- INFO --
                • - UFW is not configured
                • - NFTables is not configured
                • - IPTables is not configured
                No error lines were collected.


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.8_Ensure_nftables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.910Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">Manual Page nft</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9, SC-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995307_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh"
                                  xccdf="fail"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh"
                                  exit-value="102">
                     <out>
                        <l>"input" basechain does not have a default drop policy</l>
                     </out>
                     <err>
                        <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh: line 13: nft: command not found</l>
                     </err>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>102</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li>"input" basechain does not have a default drop policy</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul>
                                    <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh: line 13: nft: command not found</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995309_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh"
                                  xccdf="fail"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh"
                                  exit-value="102">
                     <out>
                        <l>"forward" basechain does not have a default drop policy</l>
                     </out>
                     <err>
                        <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh: line 13: nft: command not found</l>
                     </err>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>102</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li>"forward" basechain does not have a default drop policy</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul>
                                    <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh: line 13: nft: command not found</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995311_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh"
                               xccdf="fail"
                               script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh"
                               exit-value="102">
                  <out>
                     <l>"output" basechain does not have a default drop policy</l>
                  </out>
                  <err>
                     <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh: line 13: nft: command not found</l>
                  </err>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>102</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li>"output" basechain does not have a default drop policy</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul>
                                 <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nft_ruleset_drop.sh: line 13: nft: command not found</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>  - No firewall is configured on the system</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
                  <l>  -- INFO --</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>  - UFW is not configured</l>
                  <l>  - NFTables is not configured</l>
                  <l>  - IPTables is not configured</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/deb_no_nftables.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>  - No firewall is configured on the system</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                              <li>  -- INFO --</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>  - UFW is not configured</li>
                              <li>  - NFTables is not configured</li>
                              <li>  - IPTables is not configured</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: Manual Page nft
                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9, SC-7

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.4
                  Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                  Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.4
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers
                  Description: Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example implementations include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-party firewall agent.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.5
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on End-User Devices
                  Description: Implement and manage a host-based firewall or port-filtering tool on end-user devices, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Fail

                3.4.2.9 Ensure nftables service is enabled

                Description:

                The nftables service allows for the loading of nftables rulesets during boot, or starting on the nftables service

                The nftables service restores the nftables rules from the rules files referenced in the /etc/nftables.conf file during boot or the starting of the nftables service

                Run the following command to enable the nftables service:

                # systemctl enable nftables

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Criterion: Ensure standard service 'nftables' is enabled
                Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                Systemdunitproperty Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Unit String Exists nftables
                Property String Exists UnitFileState
                Value String Exists No Value
                Script: sce/deb_no_nftables.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** FAIL **
                • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                • - No firewall is configured on the system
                • -- INFO --
                • - UFW is not configured
                • - NFTables is not configured
                • - IPTables is not configured
                No error lines were collected.


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.9_Ensure_nftables_service_is_enabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.910Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9, SC-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995316"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995316">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995316"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure standard service 'nftables' is enabled</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Unit</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>nftables</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Property</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>UnitFileState</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Value</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>  - No firewall is configured on the system</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
                  <l>  -- INFO --</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>  - UFW is not configured</l>
                  <l>  - NFTables is not configured</l>
                  <l>  - IPTables is not configured</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/deb_no_nftables.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>  - No firewall is configured on the system</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                              <li>  -- INFO --</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>  - UFW is not configured</li>
                              <li>  - NFTables is not configured</li>
                              <li>  - IPTables is not configured</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9, SC-7

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.4
                  Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                  Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.4
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers
                  Description: Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example implementations include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-party firewall agent.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.5
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on End-User Devices
                  Description: Implement and manage a host-based firewall or port-filtering tool on end-user devices, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Fail

                3.4.2.10 Ensure nftables rules are permanent

                Description:

                nftables is a subsystem of the Linux kernel providing filtering and classification of network packets/datagrams/frames.

                The nftables service reads the /etc/nftables.conf file for a nftables file or files to include in the nftables ruleset.

                A nftables ruleset containing the input, forward, and output base chains allow network traffic to be filtered.

                Changes made to nftables ruleset only affect the live system, you will also need to configure the nftables ruleset to apply on boot

                Edit the /etc/nftables.conf file and un-comment or add a line with include <Absolute path to nftables rules file> for each nftables file you want included in the nftables ruleset on boot

                Example:

                # vi /etc/nftables.conf

                Add the line:

                include "/etc/nftables.rules"

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/nftables.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*include\s+\S+
                Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                No matching system items were found.
                Script: sce/deb_no_nftables.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** FAIL **
                • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                • - No firewall is configured on the system
                • -- INFO --
                • - UFW is not configured
                • - NFTables is not configured
                • - IPTables is not configured
                No error lines were collected.


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.2.10_Ensure_nftables_rules_are_permanent"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.910Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9, SC-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995320"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995320">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995320"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/nftables.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*include\s+\S+</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/deb_no_nftables.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>  - No firewall is configured on the system</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
                  <l>  -- INFO --</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>  - UFW is not configured</l>
                  <l>  - NFTables is not configured</l>
                  <l>  - IPTables is not configured</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/deb_no_nftables.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>  - No firewall is configured on the system</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                              <li>  -- INFO --</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>  - UFW is not configured</li>
                              <li>  - NFTables is not configured</li>
                              <li>  - IPTables is not configured</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9, SC-7

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.4
                  Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                  Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.4
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers
                  Description: Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example implementations include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-party firewall agent.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.5
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on End-User Devices
                  Description: Implement and manage a host-based firewall or port-filtering tool on end-user devices, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary

                3.4.3 Configure iptables

                If Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW) or nftables are being used in your environment, please follow the guidance in their respective section and pass-over the guidance in this section.

                IPtables is an application that allows a system administrator to configure the IPv4 and IPv6 tables, chains and rules provided by the Linux kernel firewall. While several methods of configuration exist this section is intended only to ensure the resulting IPtables rules are in place, not how they are configured. If IPv6 is in use in your environment, similar settings should be applied to the IP6tables as well.

                Note: Configuration of a live system's firewall directly over a remote connection will often result in being locked out

                3.4.3.1 Configure iptables software

                This section provides guidance for installing, enabling, removing, and disabling software packages necessary for using IPTables as the method for configuring and maintaining a Host Based Firewall on the system.

                Note: Using more than one method to configure and maintain a Host Based Firewall can cause unexpected results. If FirewallD or NFTables are being used for configuration and maintenance, this section should be skipped and the guidance in their respective section followed.

                Fail

                3.4.3.1.1 Ensure iptables packages are installed

                Description:

                iptables is a utility program that allows a system administrator to configure the tables provided by the Linux kernel firewall, implemented as different Netfilter modules, and the chains and rules it stores. Different kernel modules and programs are used for different protocols; iptables applies to IPv4, ip6tables to IPv6, arptables to ARP, and ebtables to Ethernet frames.

                A method of configuring and maintaining firewall rules is necessary to configure a Host Based Firewall.

                Run the following command to install iptables and iptables-persistent

                # apt install iptables iptables-persistent

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Complex Check
                AND
                Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'iptables' is installed
                Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                Item Check: All
                Result: Pass
                Dpkginfo Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Name String Exists iptables
                Arch String Exists amd64
                Epoch String Exists (none)
                Release String Exists 3ubuntu2
                Version String Exists 1.8.4
                Evr Evr String Exists 0:1.8.4-3ubuntu2
                Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'iptables-persistent' is installed
                Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                No matching system items were found.
                Script: sce/deb_no_iptables.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • Failed:
                • UFW is not configured on the system
                • NFTables is not configured on the system
                No error lines were collected.


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.1.1_Ensure_iptables_packages_are_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.911Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9, SC-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995326"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995326">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995326"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure package name equals 'iptables' is installed</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Name</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>iptables</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Arch</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>amd64</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Epoch</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>(none)</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Release</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>3ubuntu2</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Version</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>1.8.4</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Evr</td>
                                 <td>Evr String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>0:1.8.4-3ubuntu2</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995329"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995329">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995329"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure package name equals 'iptables-persistent' is installed</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>Failed: </l>
                  <l>UFW is not configured on the system</l>
                  <l>NFTables is not configured on the system</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/deb_no_iptables.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Failed: </li>
                              <li>UFW is not configured on the system</li>
                              <li>NFTables is not configured on the system</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9, SC-7

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.4
                  Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                  Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.4
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers
                  Description: Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example implementations include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-party firewall agent.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.5
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on End-User Devices
                  Description: Implement and manage a host-based firewall or port-filtering tool on end-user devices, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Pass

                3.4.3.1.2 Ensure nftables is not installed with iptables

                Description:

                nftables is a subsystem of the Linux kernel providing filtering and classification of network packets/datagrams/frames and is the successor to iptables.

                Running both iptables and nftables may lead to conflict.

                Run the following command to remove nftables :

                # apt purge nftables

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'nftables' is not installed
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Pass
                No matching system items were found.
                Script: sce/deb_no_iptables.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • Failed:
                • UFW is not configured on the system
                • NFTables is not configured on the system
                No error lines were collected.


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.1.2_Ensure_nftables_is_not_installed_with_iptables"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.911Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9, CM-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995333"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995333">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995333"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'nftables' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>Failed: </l>
                  <l>UFW is not configured on the system</l>
                  <l>NFTables is not configured on the system</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/deb_no_iptables.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Failed: </li>
                              <li>UFW is not configured on the system</li>
                              <li>NFTables is not configured on the system</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9, CM-7

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.4
                  Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                  Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.4
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers
                  Description: Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example implementations include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-party firewall agent.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.5
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on End-User Devices
                  Description: Implement and manage a host-based firewall or port-filtering tool on end-user devices, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Pass

                3.4.3.1.3 Ensure ufw is uninstalled or disabled with iptables

                Description:

                Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW) is a program for managing a netfilter firewall designed to be easy to use.

                • Uses a command-line interface consisting of a small number of simple commands
                • Uses iptables for configuration

                Running iptables.persistent with ufw enabled may lead to conflict and unexpected results.

                Run one of the following commands to either remove ufw or stop and mask ufw

                Run the following command to remove ufw :

                # apt purge ufw

                -OR-

                Run the following commands to disable ufw :

                # ufw disable

                # systemctl stop ufw

                # systemctl mask ufw

                Note:ufw disable needs to be run before systemctl mask ufw in order to correctly disable UFW

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Complex Check
                OR
                Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'ufw' is not installed
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                Dpkginfo Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Name String Exists ufw
                Arch String Exists all
                Epoch String Exists (none)
                Release String Exists 6ubuntu1
                Version String Exists 0.36
                Evr Evr String Exists 0:0.36-6ubuntu1
                Script: sce/ufw_disabled.sh
                Result: Pass
                Exit Value: 101
                Output:
                • Status: inactive
                • UFW status is: "Status: inactive"
                No error lines were collected.
                Script: sce/deb_no_iptables.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • Failed:
                • UFW is not configured on the system
                • NFTables is not configured on the system
                No error lines were collected.


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.1.3_Ensure_ufw_is_uninstalled_or_disabled_with_iptables"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.914Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SC-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995338"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995338">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995338"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure package name equals 'ufw' is not installed</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Name</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>ufw</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Arch</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>all</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Epoch</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>(none)</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Release</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>6ubuntu1</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Version</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>0.36</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Evr</td>
                                 <td>Evr String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>0:0.36-6ubuntu1</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ufw_disabled.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/ufw_disabled.sh"
                               xccdf="pass"
                               script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/ufw_disabled.sh"
                               exit-value="101">
                  <out>
                     <l>Status: inactive</l>
                     <l>UFW status is: "Status: inactive"</l>
                  </out>
                  <err/>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/ufw_disabled.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>101</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li>Status: inactive</li>
                                 <li>UFW status is: "Status: inactive"</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>Failed: </l>
                  <l>UFW is not configured on the system</l>
                  <l>NFTables is not configured on the system</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/deb_no_iptables.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Failed: </li>
                              <li>UFW is not configured on the system</li>
                              <li>NFTables is not configured on the system</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SC-7

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.4
                  Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                  Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.4
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers
                  Description: Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example implementations include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-party firewall agent.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.5
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on End-User Devices
                  Description: Implement and manage a host-based firewall or port-filtering tool on end-user devices, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary

                3.4.3.2 Configure IPv4 iptables

                Iptables is used to set up, maintain, and inspect the tables of IP packet filter rules in the Linux kernel. Several different tables may be defined. Each table contains a number of built-in chains and may also contain user-defined chains.

                Each chain is a list of rules which can match a set of packets. Each rule specifies what to do with a packet that matches. This is called a 'target', which may be a jump to a user-defined chain in the same table.

                Note: This section broadly assumes starting with an empty IPtables firewall ruleset (established by flushing the rules with iptables -F). Remediation steps included only affect the live system, you will also need to configure your default firewall configuration to apply on boot. Configuration of a live systems firewall directly over a remote connection will often result in being locked out. It is advised to have a known good firewall configuration set to run on boot and to configure an entire firewall structure in a script that is then run and tested before saving to boot. The following script will implement the firewall rules of this section and open port 22(ssh) from anywhere:

                #!/bin/bash



                # Flush IPtables rules

                iptables -F



                # Ensure default deny firewall policy

                iptables -P INPUT DROP

                iptables -P OUTPUT DROP

                iptables -P FORWARD DROP



                # Ensure loopback traffic is configured

                iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT

                iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT

                iptables -A INPUT -s 127.0.0.0/8 -j DROP



                # Ensure outbound and established connections are configured

                iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                iptables -A OUTPUT -p icmp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                iptables -A INPUT -p udp -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT



                # Open inbound ssh(tcp port 22) connections

                iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -m state --state NEW -j ACCEPT
                Fail

                3.4.3.2.1 Ensure iptables default deny firewall policy

                Description:

                A default deny all policy on connections ensures that any unconfigured network usage will be rejected.

                Notes:

                • Changing firewall settings while connected over network can result in being locked out of the system
                • Remediation will only affect the active system firewall, be sure to configure the default policy in your firewall management to apply on boot as well

                With a default accept policy the firewall will accept any packet that is not configured to be denied. It is easier to white list acceptable usage than to black list unacceptable usage.

                Run the following commands to implement a default DROP policy:

                # iptables -P INPUT DROP

                # iptables -P OUTPUT DROP

                # iptables -P FORWARD DROP

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Complex Check
                AND
                Complex Check
                AND
                Script: sce/iptables_chk.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • Missing iptables rule.
                No error lines were collected.
                Script: sce/iptables_chk.sh
                Result: Pass
                Exit Value: 101
                No output lines were collected.
                No error lines were collected.
                Script: sce/iptables_chk.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • Missing iptables rule.
                No error lines were collected.
                Script: sce/deb_no_iptables.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • Failed:
                • UFW is not configured on the system
                • NFTables is not configured on the system
                No error lines were collected.


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.2.1_Ensure_iptables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.914Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9, SC-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995346_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/iptables_chk.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/iptables_chk.sh"
                                  xccdf="fail"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/iptables_chk.sh"
                                  exit-value="102">
                     <out>
                        <l>Missing iptables rule.</l>
                     </out>
                     <err/>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/iptables_chk.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>102</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li>Missing iptables rule.</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995348_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/iptables_chk.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/iptables_chk.sh"
                                  xccdf="pass"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/iptables_chk.sh"
                                  exit-value="101">
                     <out/>
                     <err/>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/iptables_chk.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>101</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No output lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995350_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/iptables_chk.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/iptables_chk.sh"
                               xccdf="fail"
                               script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/iptables_chk.sh"
                               exit-value="102">
                  <out>
                     <l>Missing iptables rule.</l>
                  </out>
                  <err/>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/iptables_chk.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>102</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li>Missing iptables rule.</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>Failed: </l>
                  <l>UFW is not configured on the system</l>
                  <l>NFTables is not configured on the system</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/deb_no_iptables.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Failed: </li>
                              <li>UFW is not configured on the system</li>
                              <li>NFTables is not configured on the system</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9, SC-7

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.4
                  Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                  Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.4
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers
                  Description: Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example implementations include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-party firewall agent.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.5
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on End-User Devices
                  Description: Implement and manage a host-based firewall or port-filtering tool on end-user devices, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Fail

                3.4.3.2.2 Ensure iptables loopback traffic is configured

                Description:

                Configure the loopback interface to accept traffic. Configure all other interfaces to deny traffic to the loopback network (127.0.0.0/8).

                Notes:

                • Changing firewall settings while connected over network can result in being locked out of the system
                • Remediation will only affect the active system firewall, be sure to configure the default policy in your firewall management to apply on boot as well

                Loopback traffic is generated between processes on machine and is typically critical to operation of the system. The loopback interface is the only place that loopback network (127.0.0.0/8) traffic should be seen, all other interfaces should ignore traffic on this network as an anti-spoofing measure.

                Run the following commands to implement the loopback rules:

                # iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT

                # iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT

                # iptables -A INPUT -s 127.0.0.0/8 -j DROP

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Complex Check
                AND
                Complex Check
                AND
                Script: sce/iptables_input.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • Missing iptables rule.
                No error lines were collected.
                Script: sce/iptables_input.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • Missing iptables rule.
                No error lines were collected.
                Script: sce/iptables_output.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • Missing iptables rule.
                No error lines were collected.
                Script: sce/deb_no_iptables.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • Failed:
                • UFW is not configured on the system
                • NFTables is not configured on the system
                No error lines were collected.


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.2.2_Ensure_iptables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.914Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9, SC-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995355_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/iptables_input.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/iptables_input.sh"
                                  xccdf="fail"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/iptables_input.sh"
                                  exit-value="102">
                     <out>
                        <l>Missing iptables rule.</l>
                     </out>
                     <err/>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/iptables_input.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>102</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li>Missing iptables rule.</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995357_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/iptables_input.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/iptables_input.sh"
                                  xccdf="fail"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/iptables_input.sh"
                                  exit-value="102">
                     <out>
                        <l>Missing iptables rule.</l>
                     </out>
                     <err/>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/iptables_input.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>102</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li>Missing iptables rule.</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995359_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/iptables_output.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/iptables_output.sh"
                               xccdf="fail"
                               script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/iptables_output.sh"
                               exit-value="102">
                  <out>
                     <l>Missing iptables rule.</l>
                  </out>
                  <err/>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/iptables_output.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>102</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li>Missing iptables rule.</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>Failed: </l>
                  <l>UFW is not configured on the system</l>
                  <l>NFTables is not configured on the system</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/deb_no_iptables.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Failed: </li>
                              <li>UFW is not configured on the system</li>
                              <li>NFTables is not configured on the system</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9, SC-7

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.4
                  Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                  Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.4
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers
                  Description: Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example implementations include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-party firewall agent.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.5
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on End-User Devices
                  Description: Implement and manage a host-based firewall or port-filtering tool on end-user devices, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Manual

                3.4.3.2.3 Ensure iptables outbound and established connections are configured

                Description:

                Configure the firewall rules for new outbound, and established connections.

                Notes:

                • Changing firewall settings while connected over network can result in being locked out of the system
                • Remediation will only affect the active system firewall, be sure to configure the default policy in your firewall management to apply on boot as well

                If rules are not in place for new outbound, and established connections all packets will be dropped by the default policy preventing network usage.

                Configure iptables in accordance with site policy. The following commands will implement a policy to allow all outbound connections and all established connections:

                # iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                # iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                # iptables -A OUTPUT -p icmp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                # iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                # iptables -A INPUT -p udp -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                # iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT



                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.2.3_Ensure_iptables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.914Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9, SC-7</xccdf:ident>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9, SC-7

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.4
                  Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                  Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.4
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers
                  Description: Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example implementations include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-party firewall agent.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.5
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on End-User Devices
                  Description: Implement and manage a host-based firewall or port-filtering tool on end-user devices, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Fail

                3.4.3.2.4 Ensure iptables firewall rules exist for all open ports

                Description:

                Any ports that have been opened on non-loopback addresses need firewall rules to govern traffic.

                Note:

                • Changing firewall settings while connected over network can result in being locked out of the system
                • Remediation will only affect the active system firewall, be sure to configure the default policy in your firewall management to apply on boot as well
                • The remediation command opens up the port to traffic from all sources. Consult iptables documentation and set any restrictions in compliance with site policy

                Without a firewall rule configured for open ports default firewall policy will drop all packets to these ports.

                For each port identified in the audit which does not have a firewall rule establish a proper rule for accepting inbound connections:

                # iptables -A INPUT -p <protocol> --dport <port> -m state --state NEW -j ACCEPT

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Script: sce/nix_iptables_openports_chk.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • FAILED: The following open port(s) dont have a firewall rule: "68", "68", "68", "68", "68", "68", "68", "68", "68", "68", "8472", "22", "40200", "2379", "2380", "40205"
                No error lines were collected.
                Script: sce/deb_no_iptables.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • Failed:
                • UFW is not configured on the system
                • NFTables is not configured on the system
                No error lines were collected.


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.2.4_Ensure_iptables_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.914Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9, SC-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_iptables_openports_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_iptables_openports_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_iptables_openports_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>FAILED: The following open port(s) dont have a firewall rule: "68", "68", "68", "68", "68", "68", "68", "68", "68", "68", "8472", "22", "40200", "2379", "2380", "40205"</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_iptables_openports_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>FAILED: The following open port(s) dont have a firewall rule: "68", "68", "68", "68", "68", "68", "68", "68", "68", "68", "8472", "22", "40200", "2379", "2380", "40205"</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>Failed: </l>
                  <l>UFW is not configured on the system</l>
                  <l>NFTables is not configured on the system</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/deb_no_iptables.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Failed: </li>
                              <li>UFW is not configured on the system</li>
                              <li>NFTables is not configured on the system</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9, SC-7

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.4
                  Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                  Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.4
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers
                  Description: Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example implementations include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-party firewall agent.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.5
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on End-User Devices
                  Description: Implement and manage a host-based firewall or port-filtering tool on end-user devices, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary

                3.4.3.3 Configure IPv6 ip6tables

                Ip6tables is used to set up, maintain, and inspect the tables of IPv6 packet filter rules in the Linux kernel. Several different tables may be defined. Each table contains a number of built-in chains and may also contain user-defined chains. Each chain is a list of rules which can match a set of packets. Each rule specifies what to do with a packet that matches. This is called a `target', which may be a jump to a user-defined chain in the same table.

                If IPv6 in enabled on the system, the ip6tables should be configured.

                Note: This section broadly assumes starting with an empty ip6tables firewall ruleset (established by flushing the rules with ip6tables -F). Remediation steps included only affect the live system, you will also need to configure your default firewall configuration to apply on boot. Configuration of a live systems firewall directly over a remote connection will often result in being locked out. It is advised to have a known good firewall configuration set to run on boot and to configure an entire firewall structure in a script that is then run and tested before saving to boot.

                The following script will implement the firewall rules of this section and open port 22(ssh) from anywhere:

                #!/bin/bash



                # Flush ip6tables rules

                ip6tables -F



                # Ensure default deny firewall policy

                ip6tables -P INPUT DROP

                ip6tables -P OUTPUT DROP

                ip6tables -P FORWARD DROP



                # Ensure loopback traffic is configured

                ip6tables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT

                ip6tables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT

                ip6tables -A INPUT -s ::1 -j DROP



                # Ensure outbound and established connections are configured

                ip6tables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                ip6tables -A OUTPUT -p udp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                ip6tables -A OUTPUT -p icmp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                ip6tables -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                ip6tables -A INPUT -p udp -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                ip6tables -A INPUT -p icmp -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT



                # Open inbound ssh(tcp port 22) connections

                ip6tables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -m state --state NEW -j ACCEPT
                Fail

                3.4.3.3.1 Ensure ip6tables default deny firewall policy

                Description:

                A default deny all policy on connections ensures that any unconfigured network usage will be rejected.

                Note:

                • Changing firewall settings while connected over network can result in being locked out of the system
                • Remediation will only affect the active system firewall, be sure to configure the default policy in your firewall management to apply on boot as well

                With a default accept policy the firewall will accept any packet that is not configured to be denied. It is easier to white list acceptable usage than to black list unacceptable usage.

                IF IPv6 is enabled on your system:

                Run the following commands to implement a default DROP policy:

                # ip6tables -P INPUT DROP

                # ip6tables -P OUTPUT DROP

                # ip6tables -P FORWARD DROP

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Complex Check
                OR
                Complex Check
                AND
                Complex Check
                AND
                Script: sce/ip6tables_chk.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • Missing ip6tables rule.
                No error lines were collected.
                Script: sce/ip6tables_chk.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • Missing ip6tables rule.
                No error lines were collected.
                Script: sce/ip6tables_chk.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • Missing ip6tables rule.
                No error lines were collected.
                Script: sce/nix_ipv6_disabled_chk.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • - Audit Results:
                • ** Fail **
                • - IPv6 is enabled on the system
                No error lines were collected.
                Script: sce/deb_no_iptables.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • Failed:
                • UFW is not configured on the system
                • NFTables is not configured on the system
                No error lines were collected.


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.3.1_Ensure_ip6tables_default_deny_firewall_policy"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.915Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9, SC-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
               <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                            negate="false"
                            multi-check="false">
                  <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                      value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995369_var"/>
                  <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ip6tables_chk.sh"/>
                  <xccdf:check-content>
                     <command_result href="sce/ip6tables_chk.sh"
                                     xccdf="fail"
                                     script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/ip6tables_chk.sh"
                                     exit-value="102">
                        <out>
                           <l>Missing ip6tables rule.</l>
                        </out>
                        <err/>
                        <env/>
                     </command_result>
                  </xccdf:check-content>
                  <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                     <div class="sce">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                                 <td>sce/ip6tables_chk.sh</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                                 <td>102</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                                 <td>
                                    <ul class="unstyled">
                                       <li>Missing ip6tables rule.</li>
                                    </ul>
                                 </td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </evidence>
               </xccdf:check>
               <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                            negate="false"
                            multi-check="false">
                  <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                      value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995371_var"/>
                  <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ip6tables_chk.sh"/>
                  <xccdf:check-content>
                     <command_result href="sce/ip6tables_chk.sh"
                                     xccdf="fail"
                                     script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/ip6tables_chk.sh"
                                     exit-value="102">
                        <out>
                           <l>Missing ip6tables rule.</l>
                        </out>
                        <err/>
                        <env/>
                     </command_result>
                  </xccdf:check-content>
                  <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                     <div class="sce">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                                 <td>sce/ip6tables_chk.sh</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                                 <td>102</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                                 <td>
                                    <ul class="unstyled">
                                       <li>Missing ip6tables rule.</li>
                                    </ul>
                                 </td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </evidence>
               </xccdf:check>
            </xccdf:complex-check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995373_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/ip6tables_chk.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/ip6tables_chk.sh"
                                  xccdf="fail"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/ip6tables_chk.sh"
                                  exit-value="102">
                     <out>
                        <l>Missing ip6tables rule.</l>
                     </out>
                     <err/>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/ip6tables_chk.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>102</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li>Missing ip6tables rule.</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_ipv6_disabled_chk.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/nix_ipv6_disabled_chk.sh"
                               xccdf="fail"
                               script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_ipv6_disabled_chk.sh"
                               exit-value="102">
                  <out>
                     <l/>
                     <l>- Audit Results:</l>
                     <l> ** Fail **</l>
                     <l> - IPv6 is enabled on the system</l>
                  </out>
                  <err/>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/nix_ipv6_disabled_chk.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>102</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li/>
                                 <li>- Audit Results:</li>
                                 <li> ** Fail **</li>
                                 <li> - IPv6 is enabled on the system</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>Failed: </l>
                  <l>UFW is not configured on the system</l>
                  <l>NFTables is not configured on the system</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/deb_no_iptables.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Failed: </li>
                              <li>UFW is not configured on the system</li>
                              <li>NFTables is not configured on the system</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9, SC-7

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.4
                  Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                  Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.4
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers
                  Description: Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example implementations include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-party firewall agent.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.5
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on End-User Devices
                  Description: Implement and manage a host-based firewall or port-filtering tool on end-user devices, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Fail

                3.4.3.3.2 Ensure ip6tables loopback traffic is configured

                Description:

                Configure the loopback interface to accept traffic. Configure all other interfaces to deny traffic to the loopback network (::1).

                Note:

                • Changing firewall settings while connected over network can result in being locked out of the system
                • Remediation will only affect the active system firewall, be sure to configure the default policy in your firewall management to apply on boot as well

                Loopback traffic is generated between processes on machine and is typically critical to operation of the system. The loopback interface is the only place that loopback network (::1) traffic should be seen, all other interfaces should ignore traffic on this network as an anti-spoofing measure.

                Run the following commands to implement the loopback rules:

                # ip6tables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT

                # ip6tables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT

                # ip6tables -A INPUT -s ::1 -j DROP

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Complex Check
                OR
                Script: sce/iptv6_loopback.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • IPv6 is enabled on the system, but ip6tables loopback is not configured
                No error lines were collected.
                Script: sce/deb_no_iptables.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • Failed:
                • UFW is not configured on the system
                • NFTables is not configured on the system
                No error lines were collected.
                Script: sce/nix_ipv6_disabled_chk.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • - Audit Results:
                • ** Fail **
                • - IPv6 is enabled on the system
                No error lines were collected.


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.3.2_Ensure_ip6tables_loopback_traffic_is_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.915Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9, SC-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/iptv6_loopback.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/iptv6_loopback.sh"
                               xccdf="fail"
                               script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/iptv6_loopback.sh"
                               exit-value="102">
                  <out>
                     <l>IPv6 is enabled on the system, but ip6tables loopback is not configured</l>
                  </out>
                  <err/>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/iptv6_loopback.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>102</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li>IPv6 is enabled on the system, but ip6tables loopback is not configured</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
                               xccdf="fail"
                               script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
                               exit-value="102">
                  <out>
                     <l>Failed: </l>
                     <l>UFW is not configured on the system</l>
                     <l>NFTables is not configured on the system</l>
                  </out>
                  <err/>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/deb_no_iptables.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>102</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li>Failed: </li>
                                 <li>UFW is not configured on the system</li>
                                 <li>NFTables is not configured on the system</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_ipv6_disabled_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_ipv6_disabled_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_ipv6_disabled_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Results:</l>
                  <l> ** Fail **</l>
                  <l> - IPv6 is enabled on the system</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_ipv6_disabled_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Results:</li>
                              <li> ** Fail **</li>
                              <li> - IPv6 is enabled on the system</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9, SC-7

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.4
                  Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                  Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.4
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers
                  Description: Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example implementations include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-party firewall agent.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.5
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on End-User Devices
                  Description: Implement and manage a host-based firewall or port-filtering tool on end-user devices, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Manual

                3.4.3.3.3 Ensure ip6tables outbound and established connections are configured

                Description:

                Configure the firewall rules for new outbound, and established IPv6 connections.

                Note:

                • Changing firewall settings while connected over network can result in being locked out of the system
                • Remediation will only affect the active system firewall, be sure to configure the default policy in your firewall management to apply on boot as well

                If rules are not in place for new outbound, and established connections all packets will be dropped by the default policy preventing network usage.

                Configure iptables in accordance with site policy. The following commands will implement a policy to allow all outbound connections and all established connections:

                # ip6tables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                # ip6tables -A OUTPUT -p udp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                # ip6tables -A OUTPUT -p icmp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                # ip6tables -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                # ip6tables -A INPUT -p udp -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

                # ip6tables -A INPUT -p icmp -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT



                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.3.3_Ensure_ip6tables_outbound_and_established_connections_are_configured"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.915Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9, SC-7</xccdf:ident>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9, SC-7

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.4
                  Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                  Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.4
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers
                  Description: Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example implementations include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-party firewall agent.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.5
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on End-User Devices
                  Description: Implement and manage a host-based firewall or port-filtering tool on end-user devices, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Fail

                3.4.3.3.4 Ensure ip6tables firewall rules exist for all open ports

                Description:

                Any ports that have been opened on non-loopback addresses need firewall rules to govern traffic.

                Note:

                • Changing firewall settings while connected over network can result in being locked out of the system
                • Remediation will only affect the active system firewall, be sure to configure the default policy in your firewall management to apply on boot as well
                • The remediation command opens up the port to traffic from all sources. Consult iptables documentation and set any restrictions in compliance with site policy

                Without a firewall rule configured for open ports default firewall policy will drop all packets to these ports.

                For each port identified in the audit which does not have a firewall rule establish a proper rule for accepting inbound connections:

                # ip6tables -A INPUT -p <protocol> --dport <port> -m state --state NEW -j ACCEPT

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Complex Check
                OR
                Script: sce/nix_ip6tables_openports_chk.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • FAILED: The following open port(s) dont have a firewall rule: "22", "10250", "6443", "40300", "10256", "40305"
                No error lines were collected.
                Script: sce/nix_ipv6_disabled_chk.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • - Audit Results:
                • ** Fail **
                • - IPv6 is enabled on the system
                No error lines were collected.
                Script: sce/deb_no_iptables.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • Failed:
                • UFW is not configured on the system
                • NFTables is not configured on the system
                No error lines were collected.


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_3.4.3.3.4_Ensure_ip6tables_firewall_rules_exist_for_all_open_ports"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.915Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9, SC-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_ip6tables_openports_chk.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/nix_ip6tables_openports_chk.sh"
                               xccdf="fail"
                               script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_ip6tables_openports_chk.sh"
                               exit-value="102">
                  <out>
                     <l>FAILED: The following open port(s) dont have a firewall rule: "22", "10250", "6443", "40300", "10256", "40305"</l>
                  </out>
                  <err/>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/nix_ip6tables_openports_chk.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>102</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li>FAILED: The following open port(s) dont have a firewall rule: "22", "10250", "6443", "40300", "10256", "40305"</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_ipv6_disabled_chk.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/nix_ipv6_disabled_chk.sh"
                               xccdf="fail"
                               script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_ipv6_disabled_chk.sh"
                               exit-value="102">
                  <out>
                     <l/>
                     <l>- Audit Results:</l>
                     <l> ** Fail **</l>
                     <l> - IPv6 is enabled on the system</l>
                  </out>
                  <err/>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/nix_ipv6_disabled_chk.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>102</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li/>
                                 <li>- Audit Results:</li>
                                 <li> ** Fail **</li>
                                 <li> - IPv6 is enabled on the system</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/deb_no_iptables.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>Failed: </l>
                  <l>UFW is not configured on the system</l>
                  <l>NFTables is not configured on the system</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/deb_no_iptables.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Failed: </li>
                              <li>UFW is not configured on the system</li>
                              <li>NFTables is not configured on the system</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CA-9, SC-7

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                  Subcontrol: 9.4
                  Label: Apply Host-Based Firewalls or Port Filtering
                  Description: Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.4
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers
                  Description: Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example implementations include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-party firewall agent.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                  Safeguard: 4.5
                  Label: Implement and Manage a Firewall on End-User Devices
                  Description: Implement and manage a host-based firewall or port-filtering tool on end-user devices, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are explicitly allowed.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary

                4 Access, Authentication and Authorization

                4.1 Configure time-based job schedulers

                cron is a time-based job scheduler used to schedule jobs, commands or shell scripts, to run periodically at fixed times, dates, or intervals.

                at provides the ability to execute a command or shell script at a specified date and hour, or after a given interval of time.

                Notes:

                • Other methods exist for scheduling jobs, such as systemd timers . If another method is used, it should be secured in accordance with local site policy
                • systemd timers are systemd unit files whose name ends in .timer that control .service files or events
                  • Timers can be used as an alternative to cron and at
                  • Timers have built-in support for calendar time events, monotonic time events, and can be run asynchronously
                • If cron and at are not installed, this section can be skipped
                Pass

                4.1.1 Ensure cron daemon is enabled and active

                Description:

                The cron daemon is used to execute batch jobs on the system.

                Note: Other methods, such as systemd timers , exist for scheduling jobs. If another method is used, cron should be removed, and the alternate method should be secured in accordance with local site policy

                While there may not be user jobs that need to be run on the system, the system does have maintenance jobs that may include security monitoring that have to run, and cron is used to execute them.

                Run the following command to enable and start cron :

                # systemctl unmask cron

                # systemctl --now enable cron

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Complex Check
                AND
                Criterion: Ensure systemd 'cron.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'enabled'
                Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                Item Check: All
                Result: Pass
                Systemdunitproperty Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Unit String Exists cron.service
                Property String Exists UnitFileState
                Value String Exists enabled
                Criterion: Ensure systemd 'cron.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'active'
                Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                Item Check: All
                Result: Pass
                Systemdunitproperty Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Unit String Exists cron.service
                Property String Exists ActiveState
                Value String Exists active
                Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                Dpkginfo Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Name String Exists cron
                Arch String Exists amd64
                Epoch String Exists (none)
                Release String Exists 136ubuntu1
                Version String Exists 3.0pl1
                Evr Evr String Exists 0:3.0pl1-136ubuntu1


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.1_Ensure_cron_daemon_is_enabled_and_active"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.918Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:3994989"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3994989_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994989"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994989">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994989"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure systemd 'cron.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'enabled'</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Unit</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>cron.service</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Property</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>UnitFileState</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Value</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>enabled</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:3994996"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3994996_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994996"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994996">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994996"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure systemd 'cron.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'active'</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Unit</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>cron.service</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Property</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>ActiveState</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Value</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>active</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994992"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994992">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994992"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>cron</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>(none)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>136ubuntu1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>3.0pl1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0:3.0pl1-136ubuntu1</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5

                Back to Summary
                Fail

                4.1.2 Ensure permissions on /etc/crontab are configured

                Description:

                The /etc/crontab file is used by cron to control its own jobs. The commands in this item make sure that root is the user and group owner of the file and that only the owner can access the file.

                Note: Other methods, such as systemd timers , exist for scheduling jobs. If another method is used, cron should be removed, and the alternate method should be secured in accordance with local site policy

                This file contains information on what system jobs are run by cron. Write access to these files could provide unprivileged users with the ability to elevate their privileges. Read access to these files could provide users with the ability to gain insight on system jobs that run on the system and could provide them a way to gain unauthorized privileged access.

                Run the following commands to set ownership and permissions on /etc/crontab :

                # chown root:root /etc/crontab

                # chmod og-rwx /etc/crontab

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/crontab exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions ---rwxrwx
                Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                File Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Filepath String Exists /etc/crontab
                Path String Exists /etc
                Filename String Exists crontab
                Type String Exists regular
                Group Id Int Exists 0
                User Id Int Exists 0
                A Time Int Exists 1702192333
                C Time Int Exists 1667857284
                M Time Int Exists 1581626682
                Size Int Exists 1042
                Suid Int Exists false
                Sgid Boolean Exists false
                Sticky Boolean Exists false
                Uread Boolean Exists true
                Uwrite Boolean Exists true
                Uexec Boolean Exists false
                Gread Boolean Exists true
                Gwrite Boolean Exists false
                Gexec Boolean Exists false
                Oread Boolean Exists true
                Owrite Boolean Exists false
                Oexec Boolean Exists false
                Has Extended Acl Boolean Not collected No Value
                Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                Dpkginfo Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Name String Exists cron
                Arch String Exists amd64
                Epoch String Exists (none)
                Release String Exists 136ubuntu1
                Version String Exists 3.0pl1
                Evr Evr String Exists 0:3.0pl1-136ubuntu1


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.2_Ensure_permissions_on_etccrontab_are_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.919Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994999"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994999">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994999"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/crontab exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions ---rwxrwx</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>File Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filepath</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/crontab</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>crontab</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Type</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>regular</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Group Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>User Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>A Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1702192333</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>C Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1667857284</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>M Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1581626682</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Size</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1042</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Suid</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Sgid</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Sticky</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uwrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gwrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Oread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Owrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Oexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Has Extended Acl</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995004"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995004">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995004"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>cron</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>(none)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>136ubuntu1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>3.0pl1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0:3.0pl1-136ubuntu1</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                  Subcontrol: 14.6
                  Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                  Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                  Safeguard: 3.3
                  Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                  Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Fail

                4.1.3 Ensure permissions on /etc/cron.hourly are configured

                Description:

                This directory contains system cron jobs that need to run on an hourly basis. The files in this directory cannot be manipulated by the crontab command, but are instead edited by system administrators using a text editor. The commands below restrict read/write and search access to user and group root, preventing regular users from accessing this directory.

                Note: Other methods, such as systemd timers , exist for scheduling jobs. If another method is used, cron should be removed, and the alternate method should be secured in accordance with local site policy

                Granting write access to this directory for non-privileged users could provide them the means for gaining unauthorized elevated privileges. Granting read access to this directory could give an unprivileged user insight in how to gain elevated privileges or circumvent auditing controls.

                Run the following commands to set ownership and permissions on the /etc/cron.hourly directory:

                # chown root:root /etc/cron.hourly/

                # chmod og-rwx /etc/cron.hourly/

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/cron.hourly/ exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions ---rwxrwx
                Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                File Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Path String Exists /etc/cron.hourly
                Filename String Exists No Value
                Type String Exists directory
                Group Id Int Exists 0
                User Id Int Exists 0
                A Time Int Exists 1702883821
                C Time Int Exists 1667857284
                M Time Int Exists 1667857147
                Size Int Exists 4096
                Suid Int Exists false
                Sgid Boolean Exists false
                Sticky Boolean Exists false
                Uread Boolean Exists true
                Uwrite Boolean Exists true
                Uexec Boolean Exists true
                Gread Boolean Exists true
                Gwrite Boolean Exists false
                Gexec Boolean Exists true
                Oread Boolean Exists true
                Owrite Boolean Exists false
                Oexec Boolean Exists true
                Has Extended Acl Boolean Not collected No Value
                Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                Dpkginfo Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Name String Exists cron
                Arch String Exists amd64
                Epoch String Exists (none)
                Release String Exists 136ubuntu1
                Version String Exists 3.0pl1
                Evr Evr String Exists 0:3.0pl1-136ubuntu1


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.3_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.hourly_are_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.919Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995008"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995008">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995008"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/cron.hourly/ exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions ---rwxrwx</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>File Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/cron.hourly</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Type</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>directory</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Group Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>User Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>A Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1702883821</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>C Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1667857284</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>M Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1667857147</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Size</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>4096</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Suid</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Sgid</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Sticky</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uwrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gwrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Oread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Owrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Oexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Has Extended Acl</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995014"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995014">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995014"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>cron</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>(none)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>136ubuntu1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>3.0pl1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0:3.0pl1-136ubuntu1</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                  Subcontrol: 14.6
                  Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                  Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                  Safeguard: 3.3
                  Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                  Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Fail

                4.1.4 Ensure permissions on /etc/cron.daily are configured

                Description:

                The /etc/cron.daily directory contains system cron jobs that need to run on a daily basis. The files in this directory cannot be manipulated by the crontab command, but are instead edited by system administrators using a text editor. The commands below restrict read/write and search access to user and group root, preventing regular users from accessing this directory.

                Note: Other methods, such as systemd timers , exist for scheduling jobs. If another method is used, cron should be removed, and the alternate method should be secured in accordance with local site policy

                Granting write access to this directory for non-privileged users could provide them the means for gaining unauthorized elevated privileges. Granting read access to this directory could give an unprivileged user insight in how to gain elevated privileges or circumvent auditing controls.

                Run the following commands to set ownership and permissions on the /etc/cron.daily directory:

                # chown root:root /etc/cron.daily/

                # chmod og-rwx /etc/cron.daily/

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/cron.daily/ exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions ---rwxrwx
                Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                File Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Path String Exists /etc/cron.daily
                Filename String Exists No Value
                Type String Exists directory
                Group Id Int Exists 0
                User Id Int Exists 0
                A Time Int Exists 1702900606
                C Time Int Exists 1667857284
                M Time Int Exists 1667857241
                Size Int Exists 4096
                Suid Int Exists false
                Sgid Boolean Exists false
                Sticky Boolean Exists false
                Uread Boolean Exists true
                Uwrite Boolean Exists true
                Uexec Boolean Exists true
                Gread Boolean Exists true
                Gwrite Boolean Exists false
                Gexec Boolean Exists true
                Oread Boolean Exists true
                Owrite Boolean Exists false
                Oexec Boolean Exists true
                Has Extended Acl Boolean Not collected No Value
                Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                Dpkginfo Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Name String Exists cron
                Arch String Exists amd64
                Epoch String Exists (none)
                Release String Exists 136ubuntu1
                Version String Exists 3.0pl1
                Evr Evr String Exists 0:3.0pl1-136ubuntu1


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.daily_are_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.919Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995016"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995016">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995016"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/cron.daily/ exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions ---rwxrwx</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>File Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/cron.daily</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Type</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>directory</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Group Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>User Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>A Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1702900606</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>C Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1667857284</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>M Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1667857241</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Size</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>4096</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Suid</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Sgid</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Sticky</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uwrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gwrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Oread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Owrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Oexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Has Extended Acl</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995021"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995021">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995021"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>cron</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>(none)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>136ubuntu1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>3.0pl1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0:3.0pl1-136ubuntu1</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                  Subcontrol: 14.6
                  Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                  Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                  Safeguard: 3.3
                  Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                  Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Fail

                4.1.5 Ensure permissions on /etc/cron.weekly are configured

                Description:

                The /etc/cron.weekly directory contains system cron jobs that need to run on a weekly basis. The files in this directory cannot be manipulated by the crontab command, but are instead edited by system administrators using a text editor. The commands below restrict read/write and search access to user and group root, preventing regular users from accessing this directory.

                Note: Other methods, such as systemd timers , exist for scheduling jobs. If another method is used, cron should be removed, and the alternate method should be secured in accordance with local site policy

                Granting write access to this directory for non-privileged users could provide them the means for gaining unauthorized elevated privileges. Granting read access to this directory could give an unprivileged user insight in how to gain elevated privileges or circumvent auditing controls.

                Run the following commands to set ownership and permissions on the /etc/cron.weekly directory:

                # chown root:root /etc/cron.weekly/

                # chmod og-rwx /etc/cron.weekly/

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/cron.weekly/ exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions ---rwxrwx
                Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                File Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Path String Exists /etc/cron.weekly
                Filename String Exists No Value
                Type String Exists directory
                Group Id Int Exists 0
                User Id Int Exists 0
                A Time Int Exists 1702900606
                C Time Int Exists 1667857284
                M Time Int Exists 1667857241
                Size Int Exists 4096
                Suid Int Exists false
                Sgid Boolean Exists false
                Sticky Boolean Exists false
                Uread Boolean Exists true
                Uwrite Boolean Exists true
                Uexec Boolean Exists true
                Gread Boolean Exists true
                Gwrite Boolean Exists false
                Gexec Boolean Exists true
                Oread Boolean Exists true
                Owrite Boolean Exists false
                Oexec Boolean Exists true
                Has Extended Acl Boolean Not collected No Value
                Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                Dpkginfo Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Name String Exists cron
                Arch String Exists amd64
                Epoch String Exists (none)
                Release String Exists 136ubuntu1
                Version String Exists 3.0pl1
                Evr Evr String Exists 0:3.0pl1-136ubuntu1


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.weekly_are_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.919Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995024"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995024">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995024"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/cron.weekly/ exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions ---rwxrwx</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>File Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/cron.weekly</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Type</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>directory</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Group Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>User Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>A Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1702900606</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>C Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1667857284</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>M Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1667857241</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Size</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>4096</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Suid</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Sgid</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Sticky</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uwrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gwrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Oread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Owrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Oexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Has Extended Acl</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995032"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995032">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995032"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>cron</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>(none)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>136ubuntu1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>3.0pl1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0:3.0pl1-136ubuntu1</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                  Subcontrol: 14.6
                  Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                  Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                  Safeguard: 3.3
                  Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                  Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Fail

                4.1.6 Ensure permissions on /etc/cron.monthly are configured

                Description:

                The /etc/cron.monthly directory contains system cron jobs that need to run on a monthly basis. The files in this directory cannot be manipulated by the crontab command, but are instead edited by system administrators using a text editor. The commands below restrict read/write and search access to user and group root, preventing regular users from accessing this directory.

                Note: Other methods, such as systemd timers , exist for scheduling jobs. If another method is used, cron should be removed, and the alternate method should be secured in accordance with local site policy

                Granting write access to this directory for non-privileged users could provide them the means for gaining unauthorized elevated privileges. Granting read access to this directory could give an unprivileged user insight in how to gain elevated privileges or circumvent auditing controls.

                Run the following commands to set ownership and permissions on the /etc/cron.monthly directory:

                # chown root:root /etc/cron.monthly/

                # chmod og-rwx /etc/cron.monthly/

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/cron.monthly/ exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions ---rwxrwx
                Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                File Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Path String Exists /etc/cron.monthly
                Filename String Exists No Value
                Type String Exists directory
                Group Id Int Exists 0
                User Id Int Exists 0
                A Time Int Exists 1702900606
                C Time Int Exists 1667857284
                M Time Int Exists 1667857147
                Size Int Exists 4096
                Suid Int Exists false
                Sgid Boolean Exists false
                Sticky Boolean Exists false
                Uread Boolean Exists true
                Uwrite Boolean Exists true
                Uexec Boolean Exists true
                Gread Boolean Exists true
                Gwrite Boolean Exists false
                Gexec Boolean Exists true
                Oread Boolean Exists true
                Owrite Boolean Exists false
                Oexec Boolean Exists true
                Has Extended Acl Boolean Not collected No Value
                Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                Dpkginfo Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Name String Exists cron
                Arch String Exists amd64
                Epoch String Exists (none)
                Release String Exists 136ubuntu1
                Version String Exists 3.0pl1
                Evr Evr String Exists 0:3.0pl1-136ubuntu1


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.monthly_are_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.919Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995037"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995037">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995037"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/cron.monthly/ exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions ---rwxrwx</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>File Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/cron.monthly</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Type</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>directory</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Group Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>User Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>A Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1702900606</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>C Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1667857284</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>M Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1667857147</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Size</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>4096</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Suid</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Sgid</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Sticky</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uwrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gwrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Oread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Owrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Oexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Has Extended Acl</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995045"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995045">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995045"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>cron</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>(none)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>136ubuntu1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>3.0pl1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0:3.0pl1-136ubuntu1</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                  Subcontrol: 14.6
                  Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                  Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                  Safeguard: 3.3
                  Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                  Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Fail

                4.1.7 Ensure permissions on /etc/cron.d are configured

                Description:

                The /etc/cron.d directory contains system cron jobs that need to run in a similar manner to the hourly, daily weekly and monthly jobs from /etc/crontab , but require more granular control as to when they run. The files in this directory cannot be manipulated by the crontab command, but are instead edited by system administrators using a text editor. The commands below restrict read/write and search access to user and group root, preventing regular users from accessing this directory.

                Note: Other methods, such as systemd timers , exist for scheduling jobs. If another method is used, cron should be removed, and the alternate method should be secured in accordance with local site policy

                Granting write access to this directory for non-privileged users could provide them the means for gaining unauthorized elevated privileges. Granting read access to this directory could give an unprivileged user insight in how to gain elevated privileges or circumvent auditing controls.

                Run the following commands to set ownership and permissions on the /etc/cron.d directory:

                # chown root:root /etc/cron.d/

                # chmod og-rwx /etc/cron.d/

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/cron.d/ exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions ---rwxrwx
                Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                File Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Path String Exists /etc/cron.d
                Filename String Exists No Value
                Type String Exists directory
                Group Id Int Exists 0
                User Id Int Exists 0
                A Time Int Exists 1702900606
                C Time Int Exists 1702192539
                M Time Int Exists 1702192539
                Size Int Exists 4096
                Suid Int Exists false
                Sgid Boolean Exists false
                Sticky Boolean Exists false
                Uread Boolean Exists true
                Uwrite Boolean Exists true
                Uexec Boolean Exists true
                Gread Boolean Exists true
                Gwrite Boolean Exists false
                Gexec Boolean Exists true
                Oread Boolean Exists true
                Owrite Boolean Exists false
                Oexec Boolean Exists true
                Has Extended Acl Boolean Not collected No Value
                Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                Dpkginfo Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Name String Exists cron
                Arch String Exists amd64
                Epoch String Exists (none)
                Release String Exists 136ubuntu1
                Version String Exists 3.0pl1
                Evr Evr String Exists 0:3.0pl1-136ubuntu1


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.7_Ensure_permissions_on_etccron.d_are_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.922Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995050"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995050">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995050"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/cron.d/ exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions ---rwxrwx</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>File Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/cron.d</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Type</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>directory</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Group Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>User Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>A Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1702900606</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>C Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1702192539</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>M Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1702192539</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Size</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>4096</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Suid</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Sgid</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Sticky</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uwrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gwrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Oread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Owrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Oexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Has Extended Acl</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995056"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995056">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995056"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>cron</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>(none)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>136ubuntu1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>3.0pl1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0:3.0pl1-136ubuntu1</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                  Subcontrol: 14.6
                  Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                  Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                  Safeguard: 3.3
                  Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                  Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Fail

                4.1.8 Ensure cron is restricted to authorized users

                Description:

                Configure /etc/cron.allow to allow specific users to use this service. If /etc/cron.allow does not exist, then /etc/cron.deny is checked. Any user not specifically defined in this file is allowed to use cron. By removing the file, only users in /etc/cron.allow are allowed to use cron.

                Note:

                • Other methods, such as systemd timers , exist for scheduling jobs. If another method is used, cron should be removed, and the alternate method should be secured in accordance with local site policy
                • Even though a given user is not listed in cron.allow , cron jobs can still be run as that user
                • The cron.allow file only controls administrative access to the crontab command for scheduling and modifying cron jobs

                On many systems, only the system administrator is authorized to schedule cron jobs. Using the cron.allow file to control who can run cron jobs enforces this policy. It is easier to manage an allow list than a deny list. In a deny list, you could potentially add a user ID to the system and forget to add it to the deny files.

                Run the following script to:

                • Remove /etc/cron.deny if it exists
                • Create /etc/cron.allow if it doesn't exist
                • Change ownership of /etc/cron.allow to the root user
                • Change group ownership of /etc/cron.allow to the group crontab
                #!/usr/bin/env bash



                {

                if dpkg-query -W cron > /dev/null 2>&1; then

                l_file="/etc/cron.allow"

                l_mask='0137'

                l_maxperm="$( printf '%o' $(( 0777 & ~$l_mask)) )"

                if [ -e /etc/cron.deny ]; then

                echo -e " - Removing \"/etc/cron.deny\""

                rm -f /etc/cron.deny

                fi

                if [ ! -e /etc/cron.allow ]; then

                echo -e " - creating \"$l_file\""

                touch "$l_file"

                fi

                while read l_mode l_fown l_fgroup; do

                if [ $(( $l_mode & $l_mask )) -gt 0 ]; then

                echo -e " - Removing excessive permissions from \"$l_file\""

                chmod u-x,g-wx,o-rwx "$l_file"

                fi

                if [ "$l_fown" != "root" ]; then

                echo -e " - Changing owner on \"$l_file\" from: \"$l_fown\" to: \"root\""

                chown root "$l_file"

                fi

                if [ "$l_fgroup" != "crontab" ]; then

                echo -e " - Changing group owner on \"$l_file\" from: \"$l_fgroup\" to: \"crontab\""

                chgrp crontab "$l_file"

                fi

                done < <(stat -Lc '%#a %U %G' "$l_file")

                else

                echo -e "- cron is not installed on the system, no remediation required\n"

                fi

                }

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Complex Check
                AND
                Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/cron.allow exists and is owned by user 0 and does not have permissions --x-wxrwx
                Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                No matching system items were found.
                Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/cron.deny exists and unknown test
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Pass
                No matching system items were found.
                Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                Dpkginfo Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Name String Exists cron
                Arch String Exists amd64
                Epoch String Exists (none)
                Release String Exists 136ubuntu1
                Version String Exists 3.0pl1
                Evr Evr String Exists 0:3.0pl1-136ubuntu1


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.8_Ensure_cron_is_restricted_to_authorized_users"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.923Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995060"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995060">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995060"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/cron.allow exists and is owned by user 0 and does not have permissions --x-wxrwx</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995066"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995066">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995066"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure no file named /etc/cron.deny exists and unknown test</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995070"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995070">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995070"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'cron' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>cron</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>(none)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>136ubuntu1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>3.0pl1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0:3.0pl1-136ubuntu1</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                  Subcontrol: 14.6
                  Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                  Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                  Safeguard: 3.3
                  Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                  Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Fail

                4.1.9 Ensure at is restricted to authorized users

                Description:

                Configure /etc/at.allow to allow specific users to use this service. If /etc/at.allow does not exist, then /etc/at.deny is checked. Any user not specifically defined in this file is allowed to use at . By removing the file, only users in /etc/at.allow are allowed to use at .

                Note: Other methods, such as systemd timers , exist for scheduling jobs. If another method is used, at should be removed, and the alternate method should be secured in accordance with local site policy

                On many systems, only the system administrator is authorized to schedule at jobs. Using the at.allow file to control who can run at jobs enforces this policy. It is easier to manage an allow list than a deny list. In a deny list, you could potentially add a user ID to the system and forget to add it to the deny files.

                Run the following script to:

                • Remove /etc/at.deny if it exists
                • Create /etc/at.allow if it doesn't exist
                • Change ownership of /etc/at.allow to the root user
                • Change group ownership of /etc/at.allow to the group root
                #!/usr/bin/env bash



                {

                if dpkg-query -W at > /dev/null 2>&1; then

                l_file="/etc/at.allow"

                l_mask='0137'

                l_maxperm="$( printf '%o' $(( 0777 & ~$l_mask)) )"

                if [ -e /etc/at.deny ]; then

                echo -e " - Removing \"/etc/at.deny\""

                rm -f /etc/at.deny

                fi

                if [ ! -e /etc/at.allow ]; then

                echo -e " - creating \"$l_file\""

                touch "$l_file"

                fi

                while read l_mode l_fown l_fgroup; do

                if [ $(( $l_mode & $l_mask )) -gt 0 ]; then

                echo -e " - Removing excessive permissions from \"$l_file\""

                chmod u-x,g-wx,o-rwx "$l_file"

                fi

                if [ "$l_fown" != "root" ]; then

                echo -e " - Changing owner on \"$l_file\" from: \"$l_fown\" to: \"root\""

                chown root "$l_file"

                fi

                if [ "$l_fgroup" != "root" ]; then

                echo -e " - Changing group owner on \"$l_file\" from: \"$l_fgroup\" to: \"root\""

                chgrp root "$l_file"

                fi

                done < <(stat -Lc '%#a %U %G' "$l_file")

                else

                echo -e "- cron is not installed on the system, no remediation required\n"

                fi

                }

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Complex Check
                AND
                Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/at.allow exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions ----wxrwx
                Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                No matching system items were found.
                Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/at.deny exists and unknown test
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                File Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Filepath String Exists /etc/at.deny
                Path String Exists /etc
                Filename String Exists at.deny
                Type String Exists regular
                Group Id Int Exists 1
                User Id Int Exists 0
                A Time Int Exists 1667857184
                C Time Int Exists 1667857284
                M Time Int Exists 1542042713
                Size Int Exists 144
                Suid Int Exists false
                Sgid Boolean Exists false
                Sticky Boolean Exists false
                Uread Boolean Exists true
                Uwrite Boolean Exists true
                Uexec Boolean Exists false
                Gread Boolean Exists true
                Gwrite Boolean Exists false
                Gexec Boolean Exists false
                Oread Boolean Exists false
                Owrite Boolean Exists false
                Oexec Boolean Exists false
                Has Extended Acl Boolean Not collected No Value
                Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'at' is not installed
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                Dpkginfo Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Name String Exists at
                Arch String Exists amd64
                Epoch String Exists (none)
                Release String Exists 1ubuntu1
                Version String Exists 3.1.23
                Evr Evr String Exists 0:3.1.23-1ubuntu1


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.1.9_Ensure_at_is_restricted_to_authorized_users"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.925Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995073"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995073">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995073"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/at.allow exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions ----wxrwx</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995080"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995080">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995080"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure no file named /etc/at.deny exists and unknown test</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>File Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Filepath</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>/etc/at.deny</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Path</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>/etc</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Filename</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>at.deny</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Type</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>regular</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Group Id</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>1</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>User Id</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>0</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>A Time</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>1667857184</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>C Time</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>1667857284</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>M Time</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>1542042713</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Size</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>144</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Suid</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>false</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Sgid</td>
                                 <td>Boolean</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>false</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Sticky</td>
                                 <td>Boolean</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>false</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Uread</td>
                                 <td>Boolean</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>true</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Uwrite</td>
                                 <td>Boolean</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>true</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Uexec</td>
                                 <td>Boolean</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>false</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Gread</td>
                                 <td>Boolean</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>true</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Gwrite</td>
                                 <td>Boolean</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>false</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Gexec</td>
                                 <td>Boolean</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>false</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Oread</td>
                                 <td>Boolean</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>false</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Owrite</td>
                                 <td>Boolean</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>false</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Oexec</td>
                                 <td>Boolean</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>false</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Has Extended Acl</td>
                                 <td>Boolean</td>
                                 <td>Not collected</td>
                                 <td>No Value</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995084"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995084">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995084"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'at' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>at</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>(none)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1ubuntu1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>3.1.23</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0:3.1.23-1ubuntu1</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                  Subcontrol: 14.6
                  Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                  Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                  Safeguard: 3.3
                  Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                  Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary

                4.2 Configure SSH Server

                SSH is a secure, encrypted replacement for common login services such as telnet , ftp , rlogin , rsh , and rcp . It is strongly recommended that sites abandon older clear-text login protocols and use SSH to prevent session hijacking and sniffing of sensitive data off the network.

                Note:

                • The recommendations in this section only apply if the SSH daemon is installed on the system, if remote access is not required the SSH daemon can be removed and this section skipped.
                • The following openSSH daemon configuration options, Include and Match , may cause the audits in this section's recommendations to report incorrectly. It is recommended that these options only be used if they're needed and fully understood. If these options are configured in accordance with local site policy, they should be accounted for when following the recommendations in this section.
                • The default Include location is the /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d directory. This default has been accounted for in this section. If a file has an additional Include that isn't this default location, the files should be reviewed to verify that the recommended setting is not being over-ridden.
                • The audits of the running configuration in this section are run in the context of the root user, the local host name, and the local host's IP address. If a Match block exists that matches one of these criteria, the output of the audit will be from the match block. The respective matched criteria should be replaced with a non-matching substitution.
                • Once all configuration changes have been made to /etc/ssh/sshd_config or any included configuration files, the sshd configuration must be reloaded
                • Include :
                  • Include the specified configuration file(s).
                  • Multiple pathnames may be specified and each pathname may contain glob(7) wildcards.
                  • Files without absolute paths are assumed to be in /etc/ssh.
                  • An Include directive may appear inside a Match block to perform conditional inclusion.
                • Match :
                  • Introduces a conditional block.
                  • If all of the criteria on the Match line are satisfied, the keywords on the following lines override those set in the global section of the config file, until either another Match line or the end of the file.
                  • If a keyword appears in multiple Match blocks that are satisfied, only the first instance of the keyword is applied.
                  • The arguments to Match are one or more criteria-pattern pairs or the single token All which matches all criteria. The available criteria are User, Group, Host, LocalAddress, LocalPort, RDomain, and Address (with RDomain representing the rdomain(4) on which the connection was received).
                  • The match patterns may consist of single entries or comma-separated lists and may use the wildcard and negation operators described in the PATTERNS section of ssh_config(5).
                  • The patterns in an Address criteria may additionally contain addresses to match in CIDR address/masklen format, such as 192.0.2.0/24 or 2001:db8::/32. Note that the mask length provided must be consistent with the address - it is an error to specify a mask length that is too long for the address or one with bits set in this host portion of the address. For example, 192.0.2.0/33 and 192.0.2.0/8, respectively.
                  • Only a subset of keywords may be used on the lines following a Match keyword.
                  • Available keywords are: AcceptEnv , AllowAgentForwarding , AllowGroups , AllowStreamLocalForwarding , AllowTcpForwarding , AllowUsers , AuthenticationMethods , AuthorizedKeysCommand , AuthorizedKeysCommandUser , AuthorizedKeysFile , AuthorizedPrincipalsCommand , AuthorizedPrincipalsCommandUser , AuthorizedPrincipalsFile , Banner , ChrootDirectory , ClientAliveCountMax , ClientAliveInterval , DenyGroups , DenyUsers , ForceCommand , GatewayPorts , GSSAPIAuthentication , HostbasedAcceptedKeyTypes , HostbasedAuthentication , HostbasedUsesNameFromPacketOnly , Include , IPQoS , KbdInteractiveAuthentication , KerberosAuthentication , LogLevel , MaxAuthTries , MaxSessions , PasswordAuthentication , PermitEmptyPasswords , PermitListen , PermitOpen , PermitRootLogin , PermitTTY , PermitTunnel , PermitUserRC , PubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes , PubkeyAuthentication , RekeyLimit , RevokedKeys , RDomain , SetEnv , StreamLocalBindMask , StreamLocalBindUnlink , TrustedUserCAKeys , X11DisplayOffset , X11Forwarding and X11UseLocalhost .

                Command to re-load the SSH daemon configuration:

                # systemctl reload sshd

                Command to remove the SSH daemon:

                # apt purge openssh-server
                Fail

                4.2.1 Ensure permissions on /etc/ssh/sshd_config are configured

                Description:

                The file /etc/ssh/sshd_config , and files ending in .conf in the /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d directory, contain configuration specifications for sshd .

                configuration specifications for sshd need to be protected from unauthorized changes by non-privileged users.

                Run the following script to set ownership and permissions on /etc/ssh/sshd_config and files ending in .conf in the /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d directory:

                #!/usr/bin/env bash



                {

                chmod u-x,og-rwx /etc/ssh/sshd_config

                chown root:root /etc/ssh/sshd_config

                while IFS= read -r -d $'\0' l_file; do

                if [ -e "$l_file" ]; then

                chmod u-x,og-rwx "$l_file"

                chown root:root "$l_file"

                fi

                done < <(find /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d -type f -print0)

                }

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Complex Check
                AND
                Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions ---rwxrwx
                Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                File Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Filepath String Exists /etc/ssh/sshd_config
                Path String Exists /etc/ssh
                Filename String Exists sshd_config
                Type String Exists regular
                Group Id Int Exists 0
                User Id Int Exists 0
                A Time Int Exists 1702192334
                C Time Int Exists 1668360381
                M Time Int Exists 1668360381
                Size Int Exists 49
                Suid Int Exists false
                Sgid Boolean Exists false
                Sticky Boolean Exists false
                Uread Boolean Exists true
                Uwrite Boolean Exists true
                Uexec Boolean Exists false
                Gread Boolean Exists true
                Gwrite Boolean Exists false
                Gexec Boolean Exists false
                Oread Boolean Exists true
                Owrite Boolean Exists false
                Oexec Boolean Exists false
                Has Extended Acl Boolean Not collected No Value
                Criterion: Ensure any file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions --xrwxrwx
                Existence Check: Any Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Pass
                File Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Filepath String Exists /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/50-cloud-init.conf
                Path String Exists /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d
                Filename String Exists 50-cloud-init.conf
                Type String Exists regular
                Group Id Int Exists 0
                User Id Int Exists 0
                A Time Int Exists 1668360378
                C Time Int Exists 1668360378
                M Time Int Exists 1668360378
                Size Int Exists 27
                Suid Int Exists false
                Sgid Boolean Exists false
                Sticky Boolean Exists false
                Uread Boolean Exists true
                Uwrite Boolean Exists true
                Uexec Boolean Exists false
                Gread Boolean Exists false
                Gwrite Boolean Exists false
                Gexec Boolean Exists false
                Oread Boolean Exists false
                Owrite Boolean Exists false
                Oexec Boolean Exists false
                Has Extended Acl Boolean Not collected No Value
                Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                Dpkginfo Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Name String Exists openssh-server
                Arch String Exists amd64
                Epoch String Exists 1
                Release String Exists 4ubuntu0.5
                Version String Exists 8.2p1
                Evr Evr String Exists 1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.1_Ensure_permissions_on_etcsshsshd_config_are_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.925Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995089"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995089">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995089"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions ---rwxrwx</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>File Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Filepath</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Path</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>/etc/ssh</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Filename</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>sshd_config</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Type</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>regular</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Group Id</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>0</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>User Id</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>0</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>A Time</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>1702192334</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>C Time</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>1668360381</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>M Time</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>1668360381</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Size</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>49</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Suid</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>false</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Sgid</td>
                                 <td>Boolean</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>false</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Sticky</td>
                                 <td>Boolean</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>false</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Uread</td>
                                 <td>Boolean</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>true</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Uwrite</td>
                                 <td>Boolean</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>true</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Uexec</td>
                                 <td>Boolean</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>false</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Gread</td>
                                 <td>Boolean</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>true</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Gwrite</td>
                                 <td>Boolean</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>false</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Gexec</td>
                                 <td>Boolean</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>false</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Oread</td>
                                 <td>Boolean</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>true</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Owrite</td>
                                 <td>Boolean</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>false</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Oexec</td>
                                 <td>Boolean</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>false</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Has Extended Acl</td>
                                 <td>Boolean</td>
                                 <td>Not collected</td>
                                 <td>No Value</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995103"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995103">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995103"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="any_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure any file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions --xrwxrwx</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>Any Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <caption>File Item</caption>
                           <thead>
                              <tr>
                                 <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                 <th scope="col">Value</th>
                              </tr>
                           </thead>
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Filepath</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/50-cloud-init.conf</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Path</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Filename</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>50-cloud-init.conf</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Type</td>
                                 <td>String</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>regular</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Group Id</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>0</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>User Id</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>0</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>A Time</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>1668360378</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>C Time</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>1668360378</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>M Time</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>1668360378</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Size</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>27</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Suid</td>
                                 <td>Int</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>false</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Sgid</td>
                                 <td>Boolean</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>false</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Sticky</td>
                                 <td>Boolean</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>false</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Uread</td>
                                 <td>Boolean</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>true</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Uwrite</td>
                                 <td>Boolean</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>true</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Uexec</td>
                                 <td>Boolean</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>false</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Gread</td>
                                 <td>Boolean</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>false</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Gwrite</td>
                                 <td>Boolean</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>false</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Gexec</td>
                                 <td>Boolean</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>false</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Oread</td>
                                 <td>Boolean</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>false</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Owrite</td>
                                 <td>Boolean</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>false</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr class="evaluated">
                                 <td>Oexec</td>
                                 <td>Boolean</td>
                                 <td>Exists</td>
                                 <td>false</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td>Has Extended Acl</td>
                                 <td>Boolean</td>
                                 <td>Not collected</td>
                                 <td>No Value</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995098"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995098">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995098"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>openssh-server</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>8.2p1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                  Subcontrol: 14.6
                  Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                  Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                  Safeguard: 3.3
                  Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                  Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Pass

                4.2.2 Ensure permissions on SSH private host key files are configured

                Description:

                An SSH private key is one of two files used in SSH public key authentication. In this authentication method, the possession of the private key is proof of identity. Only a private key that corresponds to a public key will be able to authenticate successfully. The private keys need to be stored and handled carefully, and no copies of the private key should be distributed.

                If an unauthorized user obtains the private SSH host key file, the host could be impersonated

                Run the following script to set mode, ownership, and group on the private SSH host key files:

                #!/usr/bin/env bash



                {

                l_output="" l_output2=""

                l_skgn="ssh_keys" # Group designated to own openSSH keys

                l_skgid="$(awk -F: '($1 == "'"$l_skgn"'"){print $3}' /etc/group)" # Get gid of group

                if [ -n "$l_skgid" ]; then

                l_agroup="(root|$l_skgn)" && l_sgroup="$l_skgn" && l_mfix="u-x,g-wx,o-rwx"

                else

                l_agroup="root" && l_sgroup="root" && l_mfix="u-x,go-rwx"

                fi

                unset a_skarr && a_skarr=() # Clear and initialize array

                while IFS= read -r -d $'\0' l_file; do # Loop to populate array

                if grep -Pq ':\h+OpenSSH\h+private\h+key\b' <<< "$(file "$l_file")"; then

                a_skarr+=("$(stat -Lc '%n^%#a^%U^%G^%g' "$l_file")")

                fi

                done < <(find -L /etc/ssh -xdev -type f -print0)

                while IFS="^" read -r l_file l_mode l_owner l_group l_gid; do

                l_out2=""

                [ "$l_gid" = "$l_skgid" ] && l_pmask="0137" || l_pmask="0177"

                l_maxperm="$( printf '%o' $(( 0777 & ~$l_pmask )) )"

                if [ $(( $l_mode & $l_pmask )) -gt 0 ]; then

                l_out2="$l_out2\n - Mode: \"$l_mode\" should be mode: \"$l_maxperm\" or more restrictive\n - Revoking excess permissions"

                chmod "$l_mfix" "$l_file"

                fi

                if [ "$l_owner" != "root" ]; then

                l_out2="$l_out2\n - Owned by: \"$l_owner\" should be owned by \"root\"\n - Changing ownership to \"root\""

                chown root "$l_file"

                fi

                if [[ ! "$l_group" =~ $l_agroup ]]; then

                l_out2="$l_out2\n - Owned by group \"$l_group\" should be group owned by: \"${l_agroup//|/ or }\"\n - Changing group ownership to \"$l_sgroup\""

                chgrp "$l_sgroup" "$l_file"

                fi

                [ -n "$l_out2" ] && l_output2="$l_output2\n - File: \"$l_file\"$l_out2"

                done <<< "$(printf '%s\n' "${a_skarr[@]}")"

                unset a_skarr

                if [ -z "$l_output2" ]; then

                echo -e "\n- No access changes required\n"

                else

                echo -e "\n- Remediation results:\n$l_output2\n"

                fi

                }

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Script: sce/nix_ssh_private_key_perm_chk.sh
                Result: Pass
                Exit Value: 101
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • *** PASS ***
                • - * Correctly set * :
                • - File: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key"
                • - Correct: mode (0600), owner (root), and group owner (root) configured
                • - File: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key"
                • - Correct: mode (0600), owner (root), and group owner (root) configured
                • - File: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key"
                • - Correct: mode (0600), owner (root), and group owner (root) configured
                • - File: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key"
                • - Correct: mode (0600), owner (root), and group owner (root) configured
                No error lines were collected.
                Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                Dpkginfo Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Name String Exists openssh-server
                Arch String Exists amd64
                Epoch String Exists 1
                Release String Exists 4ubuntu0.5
                Version String Exists 8.2p1
                Evr Evr String Exists 1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.2_Ensure_permissions_on_SSH_private_host_key_files_are_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.926Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_ssh_private_key_perm_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_ssh_private_key_perm_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_ssh_private_key_perm_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  *** PASS ***</l>
                  <l>- * Correctly set * :</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - File: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key"</l>
                  <l>  - Correct: mode (0600), owner (root), and group owner (root) configured</l>
                  <l> - File: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key"</l>
                  <l>  - Correct: mode (0600), owner (root), and group owner (root) configured</l>
                  <l> - File: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key"</l>
                  <l>  - Correct: mode (0600), owner (root), and group owner (root) configured</l>
                  <l> - File: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key"</l>
                  <l>  - Correct: mode (0600), owner (root), and group owner (root) configured</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_ssh_private_key_perm_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  *** PASS ***</li>
                              <li>- * Correctly set * :</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - File: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key"</li>
                              <li>  - Correct: mode (0600), owner (root), and group owner (root) configured</li>
                              <li> - File: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key"</li>
                              <li>  - Correct: mode (0600), owner (root), and group owner (root) configured</li>
                              <li> - File: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key"</li>
                              <li>  - Correct: mode (0600), owner (root), and group owner (root) configured</li>
                              <li> - File: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key"</li>
                              <li>  - Correct: mode (0600), owner (root), and group owner (root) configured</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995119"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995119">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995119"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>openssh-server</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>8.2p1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                  Subcontrol: 14.6
                  Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                  Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                  Safeguard: 3.3
                  Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                  Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Pass

                4.2.3 Ensure permissions on SSH public host key files are configured

                Description:

                An SSH public key is one of two files used in SSH public key authentication. In this authentication method, a public key is a key that can be used for verifying digital signatures generated using a corresponding private key. Only a public key that corresponds to a private key will be able to authenticate successfully.

                If a public host key file is modified by an unauthorized user, the SSH service may be compromised.

                Run the following script to set mode, ownership, and group on the public SSH host key files:

                #!/usr/bin/env bash



                {

                l_pmask="0133"

                l_maxperm="$( printf '%o' $(( 0777 & ~$l_pmask )) )"

                awk '{print}' <<< "$(find -L /etc/ssh -xdev -type f -exec stat -Lc "%n %#a %U %G" {} +)" | (while read -r l_file l_mode l_owner l_group; do

                if file "$l_file" | grep -Pq ':\h+OpenSSH\h+(\H+\h+)?public\h+key\b'; then

                echo -e " - Checking private key file: \"$l_file\""

                if [ $(( $l_mode & $l_pmask )) -gt 0 ]; then

                echo -e " - File: \"$l_file\" is mode \"$l_mode\" changing to mode: \"$l_maxperm\""

                chmod u-x,go-wx "$l_file"

                fi

                if [ "$l_owner" != "root" ]; then

                echo -e " - File: \"$l_file\" is owned by: \"$l_owner\" changing owner to \"root\""

                chown root "$l_file"

                fi

                if [ "$l_group" != "root" ]; then

                echo -e " - File: \"$l_file\" is owned by group \"$l_group\" changing to group \"root\""

                chgrp "root" "$l_file"

                fi

                fi

                done

                )

                }

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Script: sce/nix_ssh_public_key_chk.sh
                Result: Pass
                Exit Value: 101
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • *** PASS ***
                • - Public key file: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub" is mode "0644" should be mode: "644" or more restrictive
                • - Public key file: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub" is owned by: "root" should be owned by "root"
                • - Public key file: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub" belongs to group: "root" should belong to group "root"
                • - Public key file: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub" is mode "0644" should be mode: "644" or more restrictive
                • - Public key file: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub" is owned by: "root" should be owned by "root"
                • - Public key file: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub" belongs to group: "root" should belong to group "root"
                • - Public key file: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub" is mode "0644" should be mode: "644" or more restrictive
                • - Public key file: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub" is owned by: "root" should be owned by "root"
                • - Public key file: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub" belongs to group: "root" should belong to group "root"
                • - Public key file: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub" is mode "0644" should be mode: "644" or more restrictive
                • - Public key file: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub" is owned by: "root" should be owned by "root"
                • - Public key file: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub" belongs to group: "root" should belong to group "root"
                No error lines were collected.
                Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                Dpkginfo Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Name String Exists openssh-server
                Arch String Exists amd64
                Epoch String Exists 1
                Release String Exists 4ubuntu0.5
                Version String Exists 8.2p1
                Evr Evr String Exists 1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.3_Ensure_permissions_on_SSH_public_host_key_files_are_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.926Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_ssh_public_key_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_ssh_public_key_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_ssh_public_key_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  *** PASS ***</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - Public key file: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub" is mode "0644" should be mode: "644" or more restrictive</l>
                  <l> - Public key file: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub" is owned by: "root" should be owned by "root"</l>
                  <l> - Public key file: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub" belongs to group: "root" should belong to group "root"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - Public key file: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub" is mode "0644" should be mode: "644" or more restrictive</l>
                  <l> - Public key file: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub" is owned by: "root" should be owned by "root"</l>
                  <l> - Public key file: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub" belongs to group: "root" should belong to group "root"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - Public key file: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub" is mode "0644" should be mode: "644" or more restrictive</l>
                  <l> - Public key file: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub" is owned by: "root" should be owned by "root"</l>
                  <l> - Public key file: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub" belongs to group: "root" should belong to group "root"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - Public key file: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub" is mode "0644" should be mode: "644" or more restrictive</l>
                  <l> - Public key file: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub" is owned by: "root" should be owned by "root"</l>
                  <l> - Public key file: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub" belongs to group: "root" should belong to group "root"</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_ssh_public_key_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  *** PASS ***</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - Public key file: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub" is mode "0644" should be mode: "644" or more restrictive</li>
                              <li> - Public key file: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub" is owned by: "root" should be owned by "root"</li>
                              <li> - Public key file: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub" belongs to group: "root" should belong to group "root"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - Public key file: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub" is mode "0644" should be mode: "644" or more restrictive</li>
                              <li> - Public key file: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub" is owned by: "root" should be owned by "root"</li>
                              <li> - Public key file: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub" belongs to group: "root" should belong to group "root"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - Public key file: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub" is mode "0644" should be mode: "644" or more restrictive</li>
                              <li> - Public key file: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub" is owned by: "root" should be owned by "root"</li>
                              <li> - Public key file: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub" belongs to group: "root" should belong to group "root"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - Public key file: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub" is mode "0644" should be mode: "644" or more restrictive</li>
                              <li> - Public key file: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub" is owned by: "root" should be owned by "root"</li>
                              <li> - Public key file: "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub" belongs to group: "root" should belong to group "root"</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995129"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995129">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995129"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>openssh-server</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>8.2p1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                  Subcontrol: 5.1
                  Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                  Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                  Safeguard: 3.3
                  Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                  Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Fail

                4.2.4 Ensure SSH access is limited

                Description:

                There are several options available to limit which users and group can access the system via SSH. It is recommended that at least one of the following options be leveraged:

                • AllowUsers :
                  • The AllowUsers variable gives the system administrator the option of allowing specific users to ssh into the system. The list consists of space separated user names. Numeric user IDs are not recognized with this variable. If a system administrator wants to restrict user access further by only allowing the allowed users to log in from a particular host, the entry can be specified in the form of user@host.
                • AllowGroups :
                  • The AllowGroups variable gives the system administrator the option of allowing specific groups of users to ssh into the system. The list consists of space separated group names. Numeric group IDs are not recognized with this variable.
                • DenyUsers :
                  • The DenyUsers variable gives the system administrator the option of denying specific users to ssh into the system. The list consists of space separated user names. Numeric user IDs are not recognized with this variable. If a system administrator wants to restrict user access further by specifically denying a user's access from a particular host, the entry can be specified in the form of user@host.
                • DenyGroups :
                  • The DenyGroups variable gives the system administrator the option of denying specific groups of users to ssh into the system. The list consists of space separated group names. Numeric group IDs are not recognized with this variable.

                Restricting which users can remotely access the system via SSH will help ensure that only authorized users access the system.

                Edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file to set one or more of the parameter above any Include entries as follows:

                AllowUsers <userlist>

                OR

                AllowGroups <grouplist>

                OR

                DenyUsers <userlist>

                OR

                DenyGroups <grouplist>

                Note: First occurrence of a option takes precedence, Match set statements withstanding. If Include locations are enabled, used, and order of precedence is understood in your environment, the entry may be created in a file in Include location. If the Include location is not the default, /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/*.conf , the audit will need to be modified to account for the Include location used.

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Complex Check
                AND
                Complex Check
                OR
                Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^\h*(?i)(allow|deny)(users|groups)\h+"?\H+"?\b
                Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                No matching system items were found.
                Criterion: Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\h*(?i)(allow|deny)(users|groups)\h+"?\H+"?\b
                Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                No matching system items were found.
                Script: sce/sshd_running_config.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** FAIL **
                • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                • - check sshd parameter: "allowusers|allowgroups|denyusers|denygroups"
                No error lines were collected.
                Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                Dpkginfo Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Name String Exists openssh-server
                Arch String Exists amd64
                Epoch String Exists 1
                Release String Exists 4ubuntu0.5
                Version String Exists 8.2p1
                Evr Evr String Exists 1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.4_Ensure_SSH_access_is_limited"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.926Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995145"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995145">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995145"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^\h*(?i)(allow|deny)(users|groups)\h+"?\H+"?\b</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995150"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995150">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995150"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\h*(?i)(allow|deny)(users|groups)\h+"?\H+"?\b</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995135_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
                               xccdf="fail"
                               script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
                               exit-value="102">
                  <out>
                     <l/>
                     <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                     <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                     <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                     <l> - check sshd parameter: "allowusers|allowgroups|denyusers|denygroups"</l>
                  </out>
                  <err/>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/sshd_running_config.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>102</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li/>
                                 <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                                 <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                                 <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                                 <li> - check sshd parameter: "allowusers|allowgroups|denyusers|denygroups"</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995140"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995140">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995140"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>openssh-server</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>8.2p1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications.
                  Subcontrol: 4.3
                  Label: Ensure the Use of Dedicated Administrative Accounts
                  Description: Ensure that all users with administrative account access use a dedicated or secondary account for elevated activities. This account should only be used for administrative activities and not internet browsing, email, or similar activities.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                  Safeguard: 3.3
                  Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                  Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Pass

                4.2.5 Ensure SSH LogLevel is appropriate

                Description:

                INFO level is the basic level that only records login activity of SSH users. In many situations, such as Incident Response, it is important to determine when a particular user was active on a system. The logout record can eliminate those users who disconnected, which helps narrow the field.

                VERBOSE level specifies that login and logout activity as well as the key fingerprint for any SSH key used for login will be logged. This information is important for SSH key management, especially in legacy environments.

                SSH provides several logging levels with varying amounts of verbosity. DEBUG is specifically not recommended other than strictly for debugging SSH communications since it provides so much data that it is difficult to identify important security information.

                Edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file to set the parameter above any Include entries as follows:

                LogLevel VERBOSE

                OR

                LogLevel INFO

                Note: First occurrence of a option takes precedence, Match set statements withstanding. If Include locations are enabled, used, and order of precedence is understood in your environment, the entry may be created in a file in Include location.

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Complex Check
                AND
                Complex Check
                AND
                Script: sce/sshd_running_config.sh
                Result: Pass
                Exit Value: 101
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** PASS **
                • - sshd parameter: "loglevel INFO"
                No error lines were collected.
                Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*LogLevel\s+(QUIET|FATAL|ERROR|DEBUG|DEBUG1|DEBUG2|DEBUG3)
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Pass
                No matching system items were found.
                Criterion: Ensurefile(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*LogLevel\h+\"?(QUIET|FATAL|ERROR|DEBUG|DEBUG1|DEBUG2|DEBUG3)\"?\b
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Pass
                No matching system items were found.
                Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                Dpkginfo Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Name String Exists openssh-server
                Arch String Exists amd64
                Epoch String Exists 1
                Release String Exists 4ubuntu0.5
                Version String Exists 8.2p1
                Evr Evr String Exists 1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.5_Ensure_SSH_LogLevel_is_appropriate"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.927Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.ssh.com/ssh/sshd_config/</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, AU-12, SI-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995157_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
                                  xccdf="pass"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
                                  exit-value="101">
                     <out>
                        <l/>
                        <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                        <l>  ** PASS **</l>
                        <l> - sshd parameter: "loglevel INFO"</l>
                     </out>
                     <err/>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/sshd_running_config.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>101</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li/>
                                    <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                                    <li>  ** PASS **</li>
                                    <li> - sshd parameter: "loglevel INFO"</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995165"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995165">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995165"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="none_exist">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*LogLevel\s+(QUIET|FATAL|ERROR|DEBUG|DEBUG1|DEBUG2|DEBUG3)</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>None Exist</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995171"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995171">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995171"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensurefile(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*LogLevel\h+\"?(QUIET|FATAL|ERROR|DEBUG|DEBUG1|DEBUG2|DEBUG3)\"?\b</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995162"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995162">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995162"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>openssh-server</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>8.2p1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: https://www.ssh.com/ssh/sshd_config/
                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, AU-12, SI-5

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                  Subcontrol: 6.2
                  Label: Activate audit logging
                  Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices.
                • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                  Subcontrol: 6.3
                  Label: Enable Detailed Logging
                  Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                  Safeguard: 8.2
                  Label: Collect Audit Logs
                  Description: Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management process, has been enabled across enterprise assets.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Detect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Fail

                4.2.6 Ensure SSH PAM is enabled

                Description:

                The UsePAM directive enables the Pluggable Authentication Module (PAM) interface. If set to yes this will enable PAM authentication using ChallengeResponseAuthentication and PasswordAuthentication directives in addition to PAM account and session module processing for all authentication types.

                When usePAM is set to yes , PAM runs through account and session types properly. This is important if you want to restrict access to services based off of IP, time or other factors of the account. Additionally, you can make sure users inherit certain environment variables on login or disallow access to the server

                Edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file to set the parameter above any Include entries as follows:

                UsePAM yes

                Note: First occurrence of a option takes precedence. If Include locations are enabled, used, and order of precedence is understood in your environment, the entry may be created in a file in Include location.

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Complex Check
                AND
                Complex Check
                AND
                Script: sce/sshd_running_config.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** FAIL **
                • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                • - check sshd parameter: "usepam no"
                No error lines were collected.
                Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*UsePAM\h+"?no"?\b
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Pass
                No matching system items were found.
                Criterion: Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*UsePAM\h+"?no"?\b
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Pass
                No matching system items were found.
                Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                Dpkginfo Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Name String Exists openssh-server
                Arch String Exists amd64
                Epoch String Exists 1
                Release String Exists 4ubuntu0.5
                Version String Exists 8.2p1
                Evr Evr String Exists 1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.6_Ensure_SSH_PAM_is_enabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.930Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995177_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
                                  xccdf="fail"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
                                  exit-value="102">
                     <out>
                        <l/>
                        <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                        <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                        <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                        <l> - check sshd parameter: "usepam no"</l>
                     </out>
                     <err/>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/sshd_running_config.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>102</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li/>
                                    <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                                    <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                                    <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                                    <li> - check sshd parameter: "usepam no"</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995184"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995184">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995184"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="none_exist">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*UsePAM\h+"?no"?\b</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>None Exist</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995188"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995188">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995188"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*UsePAM\h+"?no"?\b</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995180"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995180">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995180"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>openssh-server</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>8.2p1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
                • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications.
                  Subcontrol: 4.4
                  Label: Use Unique Passwords
                  Description: Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root, or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 5: Account Management: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise assets and software.
                  Safeguard: 5.2
                  Label: Use Unique Passwords
                  Description: Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation includes, at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a 14-character password for accounts not using MFA.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Fail

                4.2.7 Ensure SSH root login is disabled

                Description:

                The PermitRootLogin parameter specifies if the root user can log in using SSH. The default is prohibit-password .

                Disallowing root logins over SSH requires system admins to authenticate using their own individual account, then escalating to root . This limits opportunity for non-repudiation and provides a clear audit trail in the event of a security incident.

                Edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file to set the parameter above any Include entries as follows:

                PermitRootLogin no

                Note: First occurrence of a option takes precedence, Match set statements withstanding. If Include locations are enabled, used, and order of precedence is understood in your environment, the entry may be created in a file in Include location.

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Complex Check
                AND
                Complex Check
                AND
                Script: sce/sshd_running_config.sh
                Result: Fail
                Exit Value: 102
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** FAIL **
                • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                • - check sshd parameter: "permitrootlogin yes"
                No error lines were collected.
                Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*PermitRootLogin\h+"?(yes|prohibit-password|forced-commands-only)"?\b
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: At least one
                Result: Fail
                Textfilecontent Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Filepath String Exists /etc/ssh/sshd_config
                Path String Exists /etc/ssh
                Filename String Exists sshd_config
                Pattern String Exists OBFUSCATED [PWD]
                Instance Int Exists 1
                Line String Exists PermitRootLogin yes
                Text String Exists PermitRootLogin yes
                Subexpression String Exists yes
                Windows View String Not collected No Value
                Criterion: Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*PermitRootLogin\h+"?(yes|prohibit-password|forced-commands-only)"?\b
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Pass
                No matching system items were found.
                Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                Dpkginfo Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Name String Exists openssh-server
                Arch String Exists amd64
                Epoch String Exists 1
                Release String Exists 4ubuntu0.5
                Version String Exists 8.2p1
                Evr Evr String Exists 1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.7_Ensure_SSH_root_login_is_disabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.935Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995194_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
                                  xccdf="fail"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
                                  exit-value="102">
                     <out>
                        <l/>
                        <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                        <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                        <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                        <l> - check sshd parameter: "permitrootlogin yes"</l>
                     </out>
                     <err/>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/sshd_running_config.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>102</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li/>
                                    <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                                    <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                                    <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                                    <li> - check sshd parameter: "permitrootlogin yes"</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995202"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995202">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995202"
                             check="at least one"
                             check_existence="none_exist">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*PermitRootLogin\h+"?(yes|prohibit-password|forced-commands-only)"?\b</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>None Exist</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>At least one</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                              <thead>
                                 <tr>
                                    <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                    <th scope="col">Value</th>
                                 </tr>
                              </thead>
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Filepath</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Path</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>/etc/ssh</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Filename</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>sshd_config</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Pattern</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Instance</td>
                                    <td>Int</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>1</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Line</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>PermitRootLogin yes</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Text</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>PermitRootLogin yes</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Subexpression</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Exists</td>
                                    <td>yes</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>Windows View</td>
                                    <td>String</td>
                                    <td>Not collected</td>
                                    <td>No Value</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995204"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995204">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995204"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*PermitRootLogin\h+"?(yes|prohibit-password|forced-commands-only)"?\b</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995198"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995198">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995198"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>openssh-server</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>8.2p1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications.
                  Subcontrol: 4.3
                  Label: Ensure the Use of Dedicated Administrative Accounts
                  Description: Ensure that all users with administrative account access use a dedicated or secondary account for elevated activities. This account should only be used for administrative activities and not internet browsing, email, or similar activities.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 5: Account Management: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise assets and software.
                  Safeguard: 5.4
                  Label: Restrict Administrator Privileges to Dedicated Administrator Accounts
                  Description: Restrict administrator privileges to dedicated administrator accounts on enterprise assets. Conduct general computing activities, such as internet browsing, email, and productivity suite use, from the user's primary, non-privileged account.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Pass

                4.2.8 Ensure SSH HostbasedAuthentication is disabled

                Description:

                The HostbasedAuthentication parameter specifies if authentication is allowed through trusted hosts via the user of .rhosts , or /etc/hosts.equiv , along with successful public key client host authentication.

                Even though the .rhosts files are ineffective if support is disabled in /etc/pam.conf , disabling the ability to use .rhosts files in SSH provides an additional layer of protection.

                Edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file to set the parameter above any Include entries as follows:

                HostbasedAuthentication no

                Note: First occurrence of a option takes precedence, Match set statements withstanding. If Include locations are enabled, used, and order of precedence is understood in your environment, the entry may be created in a file in Include location.

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Complex Check
                AND
                Complex Check
                AND
                Script: sce/sshd_running_config.sh
                Result: Pass
                Exit Value: 101
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** PASS **
                • - sshd parameter: "hostbasedauthentication no"
                No error lines were collected.
                Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*HostbasedAuthentication\h+"?yes"?\b
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Pass
                No matching system items were found.
                Criterion: Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*HostbasedAuthentication\h+"?yes"?\b
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Pass
                No matching system items were found.
                Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                Dpkginfo Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Name String Exists openssh-server
                Arch String Exists amd64
                Epoch String Exists 1
                Release String Exists 4ubuntu0.5
                Version String Exists 8.2p1
                Evr Evr String Exists 1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.8_Ensure_SSH_HostbasedAuthentication_is_disabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.936Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995210_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
                                  xccdf="pass"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
                                  exit-value="101">
                     <out>
                        <l/>
                        <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                        <l>  ** PASS **</l>
                        <l> - sshd parameter: "hostbasedauthentication no"</l>
                     </out>
                     <err/>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/sshd_running_config.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>101</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li/>
                                    <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                                    <li>  ** PASS **</li>
                                    <li> - sshd parameter: "hostbasedauthentication no"</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995217"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995217">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995217"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="none_exist">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*HostbasedAuthentication\h+"?yes"?\b</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>None Exist</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995221"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995221">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995221"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*HostbasedAuthentication\h+"?yes"?\b</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995214"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995214">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995214"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>openssh-server</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>8.2p1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)

                Back to Summary
                Pass

                4.2.9 Ensure SSH PermitEmptyPasswords is disabled

                Description:

                The PermitEmptyPasswords parameter specifies if the SSH server allows login to accounts with empty password strings.

                Disallowing remote shell access to accounts that have an empty password reduces the probability of unauthorized access to the system.

                Edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file to set the parameter above any Include entries as follows:

                PermitEmptyPasswords no

                Note: First occurrence of a option takes precedence, Match set statements withstanding. If Include locations are enabled, used, and order of precedence is understood in your environment, the entry may be created in a file in Include location.

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Complex Check
                AND
                Complex Check
                AND
                Script: sce/sshd_running_config.sh
                Result: Pass
                Exit Value: 101
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** PASS **
                • - sshd parameter: "permitemptypasswords no"
                No error lines were collected.
                Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*PermitEmptyPasswords\h+\"?yes\b
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Pass
                No matching system items were found.
                Criterion: Ensurefile(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*PermitEmptyPasswords\h+\"?yes\b
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Pass
                No matching system items were found.
                Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                Dpkginfo Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Name String Exists openssh-server
                Arch String Exists amd64
                Epoch String Exists 1
                Release String Exists 4ubuntu0.5
                Version String Exists 8.2p1
                Evr Evr String Exists 1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.9_Ensure_SSH_PermitEmptyPasswords_is_disabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.936Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995227_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
                                  xccdf="pass"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
                                  exit-value="101">
                     <out>
                        <l/>
                        <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                        <l>  ** PASS **</l>
                        <l> - sshd parameter: "permitemptypasswords no"</l>
                     </out>
                     <err/>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/sshd_running_config.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>101</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li/>
                                    <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                                    <li>  ** PASS **</li>
                                    <li> - sshd parameter: "permitemptypasswords no"</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995233"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995233">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995233"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="none_exist">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*PermitEmptyPasswords\h+\"?yes\b</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>None Exist</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995236"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995236">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995236"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensurefile(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*PermitEmptyPasswords\h+\"?yes\b</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995229"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995229">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995229"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>openssh-server</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>8.2p1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications.
                  Subcontrol: 4.4
                  Label: Use Unique Passwords
                  Description: Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root, or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 5: Account Management: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise assets and software.
                  Safeguard: 5.2
                  Label: Use Unique Passwords
                  Description: Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation includes, at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a 14-character password for accounts not using MFA.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Pass

                4.2.10 Ensure SSH PermitUserEnvironment is disabled

                Description:

                The PermitUserEnvironment option allows users to present environment options to the SSH daemon.

                Permitting users the ability to set environment variables through the SSH daemon could potentially allow users to bypass security controls (e.g. setting an execution path that has SSH executing trojan'd programs)

                Edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file to set the parameter above any Include entries as follows:

                PermitUserEnvironment no

                Note: First occurrence of a option takes precedence. If Include locations are enabled, used, and order of precedence is understood in your environment, the entry may be created in a file in Include location.

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Complex Check
                AND
                Complex Check
                AND
                Script: sce/sshd_running_config.sh
                Result: Pass
                Exit Value: 101
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** PASS **
                • - sshd parameter: "permituserenvironment no"
                No error lines were collected.
                Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*PermitUserEnvironment\h+"?yes"?\b
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Pass
                No matching system items were found.
                Criterion: Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*PermitUserEnvironment\h+"?yes"?\b
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Pass
                No matching system items were found.
                Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                Dpkginfo Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Name String Exists openssh-server
                Arch String Exists amd64
                Epoch String Exists 1
                Release String Exists 4ubuntu0.5
                Version String Exists 8.2p1
                Evr Evr String Exists 1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.10_Ensure_SSH_PermitUserEnvironment_is_disabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.937Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995239_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
                                  xccdf="pass"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
                                  exit-value="101">
                     <out>
                        <l/>
                        <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                        <l>  ** PASS **</l>
                        <l> - sshd parameter: "permituserenvironment no"</l>
                     </out>
                     <err/>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/sshd_running_config.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>101</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li/>
                                    <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                                    <li>  ** PASS **</li>
                                    <li> - sshd parameter: "permituserenvironment no"</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995244"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995244">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995244"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="none_exist">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*PermitUserEnvironment\h+"?yes"?\b</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>None Exist</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995247"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995247">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995247"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*PermitUserEnvironment\h+"?yes"?\b</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995242"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995242">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995242"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>openssh-server</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>8.2p1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)

                Back to Summary
                Pass

                4.2.11 Ensure SSH IgnoreRhosts is enabled

                Description:

                The IgnoreRhosts parameter specifies that .rhosts and .shosts files will not be used in RhostsRSAAuthentication or HostbasedAuthentication .

                Setting this parameter forces users to enter a password when authenticating with SSH.

                Edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file to set the parameter above any Include entries as follows:

                IgnoreRhosts yes

                Note: First occurrence of a option takes precedence, Match set statements withstanding. If Include locations are enabled, used, and order of precedence is understood in your environment, the entry may be created in a file in Include location.

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Complex Check
                AND
                Complex Check
                AND
                Script: sce/sshd_running_config.sh
                Result: Pass
                Exit Value: 101
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** PASS **
                • - sshd parameter: "ignorerhosts yes"
                No error lines were collected.
                Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*ignorerhosts\h+"?no"?\b
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Pass
                No matching system items were found.
                Criterion: Ensurefile(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*ignorerhosts\h+"?no"?\b
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Pass
                No matching system items were found.
                Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                Dpkginfo Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Name String Exists openssh-server
                Arch String Exists amd64
                Epoch String Exists 1
                Release String Exists 4ubuntu0.5
                Version String Exists 8.2p1
                Evr Evr String Exists 1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.11_Ensure_SSH_IgnoreRhosts_is_enabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.937Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995253_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
                                  xccdf="pass"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
                                  exit-value="101">
                     <out>
                        <l/>
                        <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                        <l>  ** PASS **</l>
                        <l> - sshd parameter: "ignorerhosts yes"</l>
                     </out>
                     <err/>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/sshd_running_config.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>101</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li/>
                                    <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                                    <li>  ** PASS **</li>
                                    <li> - sshd parameter: "ignorerhosts yes"</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995257"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995257">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995257"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="none_exist">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*ignorerhosts\h+"?no"?\b</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>None Exist</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995260"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995260">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995260"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensurefile(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*ignorerhosts\h+"?no"?\b</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995256"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995256">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995256"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>openssh-server</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>8.2p1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                • URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)

                CIS Controls V7.0:

                • Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications.
                  Subcontrol: 4.4
                  Label: Use Unique Passwords
                  Description: Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root, or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system.
                  • >

                CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                • Control 5: Account Management: -- More
                  CIS Control Information
                  Control: Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise assets and software.
                  Safeguard: 5.2
                  Label: Use Unique Passwords
                  Description: Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation includes, at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a 14-character password for accounts not using MFA.
                  Implementation Group: IG-1
                  Security Function: Protect
                  • >

                Back to Summary
                Pass

                4.2.12 Ensure SSH X11 forwarding is disabled

                Description:

                The X11Forwarding parameter provides the ability to tunnel X11 traffic through the connection to enable remote graphic connections.

                Disable X11 forwarding unless there is an operational requirement to use X11 applications directly. There is a small risk that the remote X11 servers of users who are logged in via SSH with X11 forwarding could be compromised by other users on the X11 server. Note that even if X11 forwarding is disabled, users can always install their own forwarders.

                Edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file to set the parameter above any Include entries as follows:

                X11Forwarding no

                Note: First occurrence of a option takes precedence, Match set statements withstanding. If Include locations are enabled, used, and order of precedence is understood in your environment, the entry may be created in a file in Include location.

                Show Assessment Evidence
                Complex Check
                OR
                Complex Check
                AND
                Complex Check
                AND
                Script: sce/sshd_running_config.sh
                Result: Pass
                Exit Value: 101
                Output:
                • - Audit Result:
                • ** PASS **
                • - sshd parameter: "x11forwarding no"
                No error lines were collected.
                Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*x11forwarding\h+"?yes"?\b
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Pass
                No matching system items were found.
                Criterion: Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*x11forwarding\h+"?yes"?\b
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Pass
                No matching system items were found.
                Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed
                Existence Check: None Exist
                Item Check: All
                Result: Fail
                Dpkginfo Item
                Name Type Status Value
                Name String Exists openssh-server
                Arch String Exists amd64
                Epoch String Exists 1
                Release String Exists 4ubuntu0.5
                Version String Exists 8.2p1
                Evr Evr String Exists 1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5


                Show Rule Result XML
                <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.12_Ensure_SSH_X11_forwarding_is_disabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.937Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995263_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
                                  xccdf="pass"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
                                  exit-value="101">
                     <out>
                        <l/>
                        <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                        <l>  ** PASS **</l>
                        <l> - sshd parameter: "x11forwarding no"</l>
                     </out>
                     <err/>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/sshd_running_config.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>101</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li/>
                                    <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                                    <li>  ** PASS **</li>
                                    <li> - sshd parameter: "x11forwarding no"</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995268"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995268">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995268"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="none_exist">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*x11forwarding\h+"?yes"?\b</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>None Exist</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995271"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995271">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995271"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*x11forwarding\h+"?yes"?\b</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995265"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995265">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995265"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>openssh-server</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>8.2p1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                References:

                  CIS Controls V7.0:

                  • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                    Subcontrol: 9.2
                    Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                    Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                    • >

                  CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                  • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                    Safeguard: 4.8
                    Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                    Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                    Implementation Group: IG-2
                    Security Function: Protect
                    • >

                  Back to Summary
                  Pass

                  4.2.13 Ensure only strong Ciphers are used

                  Description:

                  This variable limits the ciphers that SSH can use during communication.

                  Note:

                  • Some organizations may have stricter requirements for approved ciphers.
                  • Ensure that ciphers used are in compliance with site policy.
                  • The only "strong" ciphers currently FIPS 140-2 compliant are:
                    • aes256-ctr
                    • aes192-ctr
                    • aes128-ctr

                  Weak ciphers that are used for authentication to the cryptographic module cannot be relied upon to provide confidentiality or integrity, and system data may be compromised.

                  • The Triple DES ciphers, as used in SSH, have a birthday bound of approximately four billion blocks, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain clear text data via a birthday attack against a long-duration encrypted session, aka a "Sweet32" attack.
                  • Error handling in the SSH protocol; Client and Server, when using a block cipher algorithm in Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) mode, makes it easier for remote attackers to recover certain plain text data from an arbitrary block of cipher text in an SSH session via unknown vectors.

                  Edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file add/modify the Ciphers line to contain a comma separated list of the site approved ciphers above any Include entries:

                  Example:

                  Ciphers chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes128-ctr

                  Note: First occurrence of a option takes precedence. If Include locations are enabled, used, and order of precedence is understood in your environment, the entry may be created in a file in Include location.

                  Show Assessment Evidence
                  Complex Check
                  OR
                  Script: sce/sshd_running_config_nm.sh
                  Result: Pass
                  Exit Value: 101
                  Output:
                  • PASSED! sshd parameter: "port 22
                  • addressfamily any
                  • listenaddress [::]:22
                  • listenaddress 0.0.0.0:22
                  • usepam no
                  • logingracetime 120
                  • x11displayoffset 10
                  • maxauthtries 6
                  • maxsessions 10
                  • clientaliveinterval 0
                  • clientalivecountmax 3
                  • streamlocalbindmask 0177
                  • permitrootlogin yes
                  • ignorerhosts yes
                  • ignoreuserknownhosts no
                  • hostbasedauthentication no
                  • hostbasedusesnamefrompacketonly no
                  • pubkeyauthentication yes
                  • kerberosauthentication no
                  • kerberosorlocalpasswd yes
                  • kerberosticketcleanup yes
                  • gssapiauthentication no
                  • gssapicleanupcredentials yes
                  • gssapikeyexchange no
                  • gssapistrictacceptorcheck yes
                  • gssapistorecredentialsonrekey no
                  • gssapikexalgorithms gss-gex-sha1-,gss-group14-sha1-
                  • passwordauthentication yes
                  • kbdinteractiveauthentication yes
                  • challengeresponseauthentication yes
                  • printmotd yes
                  • printlastlog yes
                  • x11forwarding no
                  • x11uselocalhost yes
                  • permittty yes
                  • permituserrc yes
                  • strictmodes yes
                  • tcpkeepalive yes
                  • permitemptypasswords no
                  • compression yes
                  • gatewayports no
                  • usedns no
                  • allowtcpforwarding yes
                  • allowagentforwarding yes
                  • disableforwarding no
                  • allowstreamlocalforwarding yes
                  • streamlocalbindunlink no
                  • fingerprinthash SHA256
                  • exposeauthinfo no
                  • pidfile /run/sshd.pid
                  • xauthlocation /usr/bin/xauth
                  • ciphers chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com
                  • macs umac-64-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com,umac-64@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
                  • banner none
                  • forcecommand none
                  • chrootdirectory none
                  • trustedusercakeys none
                  • revokedkeys none
                  • securitykeyprovider internal
                  • authorizedprincipalsfile none
                  • versionaddendum none
                  • authorizedkeyscommand none
                  • authorizedkeyscommanduser none
                  • authorizedprincipalscommand none
                  • authorizedprincipalscommanduser none
                  • hostkeyagent none
                  • kexalgorithms curve25519-sha256,curve25519-sha256@libssh.org,ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group16-sha512,diffie-hellman-group18-sha512,diffie-hellman-group14-sha256
                  • casignaturealgorithms ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256@openssh.com,ssh-ed25519,sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256
                  • hostbasedacceptedkeytypes ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521-cert-v01@openssh.com,sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com,sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256@openssh.com,ssh-ed25519,sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-rsa
                  • hostkeyalgorithms ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521-cert-v01@openssh.com,sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com,sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256@openssh.com,ssh-ed25519,sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-rsa
                  • pubkeyacceptedkeytypes ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521-cert-v01@openssh.com,sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com,sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256@openssh.com,ssh-ed25519,sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-rsa
                  • rdomain none
                  • loglevel INFO
                  • syslogfacility AUTH
                  • authorizedkeysfile .ssh/authorized_keys .ssh/authorized_keys2
                  • hostkey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
                  • hostkey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
                  • hostkey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
                  • authenticationmethods any
                  • subsystem sftp internal-sftp
                  • maxstartups 10:30:100
                  • permittunnel no
                  • ipqos lowdelay throughput
                  • rekeylimit 0 0
                  • permitopen any
                  • permitlisten any
                  • permituserenvironment no
                  • pubkeyauthoptions none"
                  No error lines were collected.
                  Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed
                  Existence Check: None Exist
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Fail
                  Dpkginfo Item
                  Name Type Status Value
                  Name String Exists openssh-server
                  Arch String Exists amd64
                  Epoch String Exists 1
                  Release String Exists 4ubuntu0.5
                  Version String Exists 8.2p1
                  Evr Evr String Exists 1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5


                  Show Rule Result XML
                  <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.13_Ensure_only_strong_Ciphers_are_used"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.937Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/10"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-2183</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.openssh.com/txt/cbc.adv</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-5161</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.openssh.com/txt/cbc.adv</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995275_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config_nm.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config_nm.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/sshd_running_config_nm.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l>PASSED! sshd parameter: "port 22</l>
                  <l>addressfamily any</l>
                  <l>listenaddress [::]:22</l>
                  <l>listenaddress 0.0.0.0:22</l>
                  <l>usepam no</l>
                  <l>logingracetime 120</l>
                  <l>x11displayoffset 10</l>
                  <l>maxauthtries 6</l>
                  <l>maxsessions 10</l>
                  <l>clientaliveinterval 0</l>
                  <l>clientalivecountmax 3</l>
                  <l>streamlocalbindmask 0177</l>
                  <l>permitrootlogin yes</l>
                  <l>ignorerhosts yes</l>
                  <l>ignoreuserknownhosts no</l>
                  <l>hostbasedauthentication no</l>
                  <l>hostbasedusesnamefrompacketonly no</l>
                  <l>pubkeyauthentication yes</l>
                  <l>kerberosauthentication no</l>
                  <l>kerberosorlocalpasswd yes</l>
                  <l>kerberosticketcleanup yes</l>
                  <l>gssapiauthentication no</l>
                  <l>gssapicleanupcredentials yes</l>
                  <l>gssapikeyexchange no</l>
                  <l>gssapistrictacceptorcheck yes</l>
                  <l>gssapistorecredentialsonrekey no</l>
                  <l>gssapikexalgorithms gss-gex-sha1-,gss-group14-sha1-</l>
                  <l>passwordauthentication yes</l>
                  <l>kbdinteractiveauthentication yes</l>
                  <l>challengeresponseauthentication yes</l>
                  <l>printmotd yes</l>
                  <l>printlastlog yes</l>
                  <l>x11forwarding no</l>
                  <l>x11uselocalhost yes</l>
                  <l>permittty yes</l>
                  <l>permituserrc yes</l>
                  <l>strictmodes yes</l>
                  <l>tcpkeepalive yes</l>
                  <l>permitemptypasswords no</l>
                  <l>compression yes</l>
                  <l>gatewayports no</l>
                  <l>usedns no</l>
                  <l>allowtcpforwarding yes</l>
                  <l>allowagentforwarding yes</l>
                  <l>disableforwarding no</l>
                  <l>allowstreamlocalforwarding yes</l>
                  <l>streamlocalbindunlink no</l>
                  <l>fingerprinthash SHA256</l>
                  <l>exposeauthinfo no</l>
                  <l>pidfile /run/sshd.pid</l>
                  <l>xauthlocation /usr/bin/xauth</l>
                  <l>ciphers chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com</l>
                  <l>macs umac-64-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com,umac-64@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1</l>
                  <l>banner none</l>
                  <l>forcecommand none</l>
                  <l>chrootdirectory none</l>
                  <l>trustedusercakeys none</l>
                  <l>revokedkeys none</l>
                  <l>securitykeyprovider internal</l>
                  <l>authorizedprincipalsfile none</l>
                  <l>versionaddendum none</l>
                  <l>authorizedkeyscommand none</l>
                  <l>authorizedkeyscommanduser none</l>
                  <l>authorizedprincipalscommand none</l>
                  <l>authorizedprincipalscommanduser none</l>
                  <l>hostkeyagent none</l>
                  <l>kexalgorithms curve25519-sha256,curve25519-sha256@libssh.org,ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group16-sha512,diffie-hellman-group18-sha512,diffie-hellman-group14-sha256</l>
                  <l>casignaturealgorithms ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256@openssh.com,ssh-ed25519,sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256</l>
                  <l>hostbasedacceptedkeytypes ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521-cert-v01@openssh.com,sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com,sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256@openssh.com,ssh-ed25519,sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-rsa</l>
                  <l>hostkeyalgorithms ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521-cert-v01@openssh.com,sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com,sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256@openssh.com,ssh-ed25519,sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-rsa</l>
                  <l>pubkeyacceptedkeytypes ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521-cert-v01@openssh.com,sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com,sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256@openssh.com,ssh-ed25519,sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-rsa</l>
                  <l>rdomain none</l>
                  <l>loglevel INFO</l>
                  <l>syslogfacility AUTH</l>
                  <l>authorizedkeysfile .ssh/authorized_keys .ssh/authorized_keys2</l>
                  <l>hostkey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key</l>
                  <l>hostkey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key</l>
                  <l>hostkey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key</l>
                  <l>authenticationmethods any</l>
                  <l>subsystem sftp internal-sftp</l>
                  <l>maxstartups 10:30:100</l>
                  <l>permittunnel no</l>
                  <l>ipqos lowdelay throughput</l>
                  <l>rekeylimit 0 0</l>
                  <l>permitopen any</l>
                  <l>permitlisten any</l>
                  <l>permituserenvironment no</l>
                  <l>pubkeyauthoptions none"</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/sshd_running_config_nm.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>PASSED! sshd parameter: "port 22</li>
                              <li>addressfamily any</li>
                              <li>listenaddress [::]:22</li>
                              <li>listenaddress 0.0.0.0:22</li>
                              <li>usepam no</li>
                              <li>logingracetime 120</li>
                              <li>x11displayoffset 10</li>
                              <li>maxauthtries 6</li>
                              <li>maxsessions 10</li>
                              <li>clientaliveinterval 0</li>
                              <li>clientalivecountmax 3</li>
                              <li>streamlocalbindmask 0177</li>
                              <li>permitrootlogin yes</li>
                              <li>ignorerhosts yes</li>
                              <li>ignoreuserknownhosts no</li>
                              <li>hostbasedauthentication no</li>
                              <li>hostbasedusesnamefrompacketonly no</li>
                              <li>pubkeyauthentication yes</li>
                              <li>kerberosauthentication no</li>
                              <li>kerberosorlocalpasswd yes</li>
                              <li>kerberosticketcleanup yes</li>
                              <li>gssapiauthentication no</li>
                              <li>gssapicleanupcredentials yes</li>
                              <li>gssapikeyexchange no</li>
                              <li>gssapistrictacceptorcheck yes</li>
                              <li>gssapistorecredentialsonrekey no</li>
                              <li>gssapikexalgorithms gss-gex-sha1-,gss-group14-sha1-</li>
                              <li>passwordauthentication yes</li>
                              <li>kbdinteractiveauthentication yes</li>
                              <li>challengeresponseauthentication yes</li>
                              <li>printmotd yes</li>
                              <li>printlastlog yes</li>
                              <li>x11forwarding no</li>
                              <li>x11uselocalhost yes</li>
                              <li>permittty yes</li>
                              <li>permituserrc yes</li>
                              <li>strictmodes yes</li>
                              <li>tcpkeepalive yes</li>
                              <li>permitemptypasswords no</li>
                              <li>compression yes</li>
                              <li>gatewayports no</li>
                              <li>usedns no</li>
                              <li>allowtcpforwarding yes</li>
                              <li>allowagentforwarding yes</li>
                              <li>disableforwarding no</li>
                              <li>allowstreamlocalforwarding yes</li>
                              <li>streamlocalbindunlink no</li>
                              <li>fingerprinthash SHA256</li>
                              <li>exposeauthinfo no</li>
                              <li>pidfile /run/sshd.pid</li>
                              <li>xauthlocation /usr/bin/xauth</li>
                              <li>ciphers chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com</li>
                              <li>macs umac-64-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com,umac-64@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1</li>
                              <li>banner none</li>
                              <li>forcecommand none</li>
                              <li>chrootdirectory none</li>
                              <li>trustedusercakeys none</li>
                              <li>revokedkeys none</li>
                              <li>securitykeyprovider internal</li>
                              <li>authorizedprincipalsfile none</li>
                              <li>versionaddendum none</li>
                              <li>authorizedkeyscommand none</li>
                              <li>authorizedkeyscommanduser none</li>
                              <li>authorizedprincipalscommand none</li>
                              <li>authorizedprincipalscommanduser none</li>
                              <li>hostkeyagent none</li>
                              <li>kexalgorithms curve25519-sha256,curve25519-sha256@libssh.org,ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group16-sha512,diffie-hellman-group18-sha512,diffie-hellman-group14-sha256</li>
                              <li>casignaturealgorithms ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256@openssh.com,ssh-ed25519,sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256</li>
                              <li>hostbasedacceptedkeytypes ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521-cert-v01@openssh.com,sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com,sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256@openssh.com,ssh-ed25519,sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-rsa</li>
                              <li>hostkeyalgorithms ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521-cert-v01@openssh.com,sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com,sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256@openssh.com,ssh-ed25519,sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-rsa</li>
                              <li>pubkeyacceptedkeytypes ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521-cert-v01@openssh.com,sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com,sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256@openssh.com,ssh-ed25519,sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-rsa</li>
                              <li>rdomain none</li>
                              <li>loglevel INFO</li>
                              <li>syslogfacility AUTH</li>
                              <li>authorizedkeysfile .ssh/authorized_keys .ssh/authorized_keys2</li>
                              <li>hostkey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key</li>
                              <li>hostkey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key</li>
                              <li>hostkey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key</li>
                              <li>authenticationmethods any</li>
                              <li>subsystem sftp internal-sftp</li>
                              <li>maxstartups 10:30:100</li>
                              <li>permittunnel no</li>
                              <li>ipqos lowdelay throughput</li>
                              <li>rekeylimit 0 0</li>
                              <li>permitopen any</li>
                              <li>permitlisten any</li>
                              <li>permituserenvironment no</li>
                              <li>pubkeyauthoptions none"</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995278"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995278">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995278"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>openssh-server</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>8.2p1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                  References:

                  • URL: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-2183
                  • URL: https://www.openssh.com/txt/cbc.adv
                  • URL: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-5161
                  • URL: https://www.openssh.com/txt/cbc.adv
                  • URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)

                  CIS Controls V7.0:

                  • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                    Subcontrol: 14.4
                    Label: Encrypt All Sensitive Information in Transit
                    Description: Encrypt all sensitive information in transit.
                    • >

                  CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                  • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                    Safeguard: 3.10
                    Label: Encrypt Sensitive Data in Transit
                    Description: Encrypt sensitive data in transit. Example implementations can include: Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Open Secure Shell (OpenSSH).
                    Implementation Group: IG-2
                    Security Function: Protect
                    • >

                  Back to Summary
                  Pass

                  4.2.14 Ensure only strong MAC algorithms are used

                  Description:

                  This variable limits the types of MAC algorithms that SSH can use during communication.

                  Notes:

                  • Some organizations may have stricter requirements for approved MACs.
                  • Ensure that MACs used are in compliance with site policy.
                  • The only "strong" MACs currently FIPS 140-2 approved are:
                    • hmac-sha2-256
                    • hmac-sha2-512

                  MD5 and 96-bit MAC algorithms are considered weak and have been shown to increase exploitability in SSH downgrade attacks. Weak algorithms continue to have a great deal of attention as a weak spot that can be exploited with expanded computing power. An attacker that breaks the algorithm could take advantage of a MiTM position to decrypt the SSH tunnel and capture credentials and information.

                  Edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file and add/modify the MACs line to contain a comma separated list of the site approved MACs above any Include entries:

                  Example:

                  MACs hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha2-256,umac-128-etm@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com

                  Note: First occurrence of a option takes precedence. If Include locations are enabled, used, and order of precedence is understood in your environment, the entry may be created in a file in Include location.

                  Show Assessment Evidence
                  Complex Check
                  OR
                  Script: sce/sshd_running_config_nm.sh
                  Result: Pass
                  Exit Value: 101
                  Output:
                  • PASSED! sshd parameter: ""
                  No error lines were collected.
                  Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed
                  Existence Check: None Exist
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Fail
                  Dpkginfo Item
                  Name Type Status Value
                  Name String Exists openssh-server
                  Arch String Exists amd64
                  Epoch String Exists 1
                  Release String Exists 4ubuntu0.5
                  Version String Exists 8.2p1
                  Evr Evr String Exists 1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5


                  Show Rule Result XML
                  <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.14_Ensure_only_strong_MAC_algorithms_are_used"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.937Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/10"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">More information on SSH downgrade attacks can be found here: http://www.mitls.org/pages/attacks/SLOTH</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995280_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config_nm.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config_nm.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/sshd_running_config_nm.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l>PASSED! sshd parameter: ""</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/sshd_running_config_nm.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>PASSED! sshd parameter: ""</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995281"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995281">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995281"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>openssh-server</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>8.2p1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                  References:

                  • URL: More information on SSH downgrade attacks can be found here: http://www.mitls.org/pages/attacks/SLOTH
                  • URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
                  • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5

                  CIS Controls V7.0:

                  • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                    Subcontrol: 14.4
                    Label: Encrypt All Sensitive Information in Transit
                    Description: Encrypt all sensitive information in transit.
                  • Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them.
                    Subcontrol: 16.5
                    Label: Encrypt Transmittal of Username and Authentication Credentials
                    Description: Ensure that all account usernames and authentication credentials are transmitted across networks using encrypted channels.
                    • >

                  CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                  • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                    Safeguard: 3.10
                    Label: Encrypt Sensitive Data in Transit
                    Description: Encrypt sensitive data in transit. Example implementations can include: Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Open Secure Shell (OpenSSH).
                    Implementation Group: IG-2
                    Security Function: Protect
                    • >

                  Back to Summary
                  Pass

                  4.2.15 Ensure only strong Key Exchange algorithms are used

                  Description:

                  Key exchange is any method in cryptography by which cryptographic keys are exchanged between two parties, allowing use of a cryptographic algorithm. If the sender and receiver wish to exchange encrypted messages, each must be equipped to encrypt messages to be sent and decrypt messages received

                  Notes:

                  • Kex algorithms have a higher preference the earlier they appear in the list
                  • Some organizations may have stricter requirements for approved Key exchange algorithms
                  • Ensure that Key exchange algorithms used are in compliance with site policy
                  • The only Key Exchange Algorithms currently FIPS 140-2 approved are:
                    • ecdh-sha2-nistp256
                    • ecdh-sha2-nistp384
                    • ecdh-sha2-nistp521
                    • diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256
                    • diffie-hellman-group16-sha512
                    • diffie-hellman-group18-sha512
                    • diffie-hellman-group14-sha256

                  Key exchange methods that are considered weak should be removed. A key exchange method may be weak because too few bits are used, or the hashing algorithm is considered too weak. Using weak algorithms could expose connections to man-in-the-middle attacks

                  Edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file add/modify the KexAlgorithms line to contain a comma separated list of the site approved key exchange algorithms above any Include entries:

                  Example:

                  KexAlgorithms curve25519-sha256,curve25519-sha256@libssh.org,diffie-hellman-group14-sha256,diffie-hellman-group16-sha512,diffie-hellman-group18-sha512,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256

                  Note: First occurrence of a option takes precedence. If Include locations are enabled, used, and order of precedence is understood in your environment, the entry may be created in a file in Include location.

                  Show Assessment Evidence
                  Complex Check
                  OR
                  Script: sce/sshd_running_config_nm.sh
                  Result: Pass
                  Exit Value: 101
                  Output:
                  • PASSED! sshd parameter: ""
                  No error lines were collected.
                  Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed
                  Existence Check: None Exist
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Fail
                  Dpkginfo Item
                  Name Type Status Value
                  Name String Exists openssh-server
                  Arch String Exists amd64
                  Epoch String Exists 1
                  Release String Exists 4ubuntu0.5
                  Version String Exists 8.2p1
                  Evr Evr String Exists 1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5


                  Show Rule Result XML
                  <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.15_Ensure_only_strong_Key_Exchange_algorithms_are_used"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.937Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/10"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SC-8</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995285_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config_nm.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config_nm.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/sshd_running_config_nm.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l>PASSED! sshd parameter: ""</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/sshd_running_config_nm.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>PASSED! sshd parameter: ""</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995286"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995286">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995286"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>openssh-server</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>8.2p1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                  References:

                  • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: SC-8

                  CIS Controls V7.0:

                  • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                    Subcontrol: 14.4
                    Label: Encrypt All Sensitive Information in Transit
                    Description: Encrypt all sensitive information in transit.
                    • >

                  CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                  • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                    Safeguard: 3.10
                    Label: Encrypt Sensitive Data in Transit
                    Description: Encrypt sensitive data in transit. Example implementations can include: Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Open Secure Shell (OpenSSH).
                    Implementation Group: IG-2
                    Security Function: Protect
                    • >

                  Back to Summary
                  Fail

                  4.2.16 Ensure SSH AllowTcpForwarding is disabled

                  Description:

                  SSH port forwarding is a mechanism in SSH for tunneling application ports from the client to the server, or servers to clients. It can be used for adding encryption to legacy applications, going through firewalls, and some system administrators and IT professionals use it for opening backdoors into the internal network from their home machines.

                  Leaving port forwarding enabled can expose the organization to security risks and backdoors.

                  SSH connections are protected with strong encryption. This makes their contents invisible to most deployed network monitoring and traffic filtering solutions. This invisibility carries considerable risk potential if it is used for malicious purposes such as data exfiltration. Cybercriminals or malware could exploit SSH to hide their unauthorized communications, or to exfiltrate stolen data from the target network.

                  Edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file to set the parameter above any Include entries as follows:

                  AllowTcpForwarding no

                  Note: First occurrence of a option takes precedence, Match set statements withstanding. If Include locations are enabled, used, and order of precedence is understood in your environment, the entry may be created in a file in Include location.

                  Impact:

                  SSH tunnels are widely used in many corporate environments. In some environments the applications themselves may have very limited native support for security. By utilizing tunneling, compliance with SOX, HIPAA, PCI-DSS, and other standards can be achieved without having to modify the applications.

                  Show Assessment Evidence
                  Complex Check
                  OR
                  Complex Check
                  AND
                  Complex Check
                  AND
                  Script: sce/sshd_running_config.sh
                  Result: Fail
                  Exit Value: 102
                  Output:
                  • - Audit Result:
                  • ** FAIL **
                  • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                  • - check sshd parameter: "allowtcpforwarding yes"
                  No error lines were collected.
                  Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*AllowTcpForwarding\h+\"?yes\b
                  Existence Check: None Exist
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Pass
                  No matching system items were found.
                  Criterion: Ensurefile(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*AllowTcpForwarding\h+\"?yes\b
                  Existence Check: None Exist
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Pass
                  No matching system items were found.
                  Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed
                  Existence Check: None Exist
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Fail
                  Dpkginfo Item
                  Name Type Status Value
                  Name String Exists openssh-server
                  Arch String Exists amd64
                  Epoch String Exists 1
                  Release String Exists 4ubuntu0.5
                  Version String Exists 8.2p1
                  Evr Evr String Exists 1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5


                  Show Rule Result XML
                  <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.16_Ensure_SSH_AllowTcpForwarding_is_disabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.939Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.ssh.com/ssh/tunneling/example</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995289_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
                                  xccdf="fail"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
                                  exit-value="102">
                     <out>
                        <l/>
                        <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                        <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                        <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                        <l> - check sshd parameter: "allowtcpforwarding yes"</l>
                     </out>
                     <err/>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/sshd_running_config.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>102</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li/>
                                    <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                                    <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                                    <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                                    <li> - check sshd parameter: "allowtcpforwarding yes"</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995293"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995293">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995293"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="none_exist">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*AllowTcpForwarding\h+\"?yes\b</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>None Exist</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995295"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995295">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995295"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensurefile(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*AllowTcpForwarding\h+\"?yes\b</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995291"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995291">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995291"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>openssh-server</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>8.2p1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                  References:

                  • URL: https://www.ssh.com/ssh/tunneling/example
                  • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5

                  Back to Summary
                  Pass

                  4.2.17 Ensure SSH warning banner is configured

                  Description:

                  The Banner parameter specifies a file whose contents must be sent to the remote user before authentication is permitted. By default, no banner is displayed.

                  Banners are used to warn connecting users of the particular site's policy regarding connection. Presenting a warning message prior to the normal user login may assist the prosecution of trespassers on the computer system.

                  Edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file to set the parameter above any Include entries as follows:

                  Banner /etc/issue.net

                  Note: First occurrence of a option takes precedence, Match set statements withstanding. If Include locations are enabled, used, and order of precedence is understood in your environment, the entry may be created in a file in Include location.

                  Show Assessment Evidence
                  Complex Check
                  OR
                  Script: sce/sshd_running_config.sh
                  Result: Pass
                  Exit Value: 101
                  Output:
                  • - Audit Result:
                  • ** PASS **
                  • - sshd parameter: ""
                  No error lines were collected.
                  Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed
                  Existence Check: None Exist
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Fail
                  Dpkginfo Item
                  Name Type Status Value
                  Name String Exists openssh-server
                  Arch String Exists amd64
                  Epoch String Exists 1
                  Release String Exists 4ubuntu0.5
                  Version String Exists 8.2p1
                  Evr Evr String Exists 1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5


                  Show Rule Result XML
                  <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.17_Ensure_SSH_warning_banner_is_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.939Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995299_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** PASS **</l>
                  <l> - sshd parameter: ""</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/sshd_running_config.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** PASS **</li>
                              <li> - sshd parameter: ""</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995300"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995300">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995300"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>openssh-server</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>8.2p1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                  References:

                  • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5

                  Back to Summary
                  Fail

                  4.2.18 Ensure SSH MaxAuthTries is set to 4 or less

                  Description:

                  The MaxAuthTries parameter specifies the maximum number of authentication attempts permitted per connection. When the login failure count reaches half the number, error messages will be written to the syslog file detailing the login failure.

                  Setting the MaxAuthTries parameter to a low number will minimize the risk of successful brute force attacks to the SSH server. While the recommended setting is 4, set the number based on site policy.

                  Edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file to set the parameter above any Include entries as follows:

                  MaxAuthTries 4

                  Note: First occurrence of a option takes precedence, Match set statements withstanding. If Include locations are enabled, used, and order of precedence is understood in your environment, the entry may be created in a file in Include location.

                  Show Assessment Evidence
                  Complex Check
                  OR
                  Complex Check
                  AND
                  Script: sce/sshd_running_config.sh
                  Result: Fail
                  Exit Value: 102
                  Output:
                  • - Audit Result:
                  • ** FAIL **
                  • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                  • - check sshd parameter: "maxauthtries 6"
                  No error lines were collected.
                  Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*maxauthtries\s+([5-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)
                  Existence Check: None Exist
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Pass
                  No matching system items were found.
                  Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed
                  Existence Check: None Exist
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Fail
                  Dpkginfo Item
                  Name Type Status Value
                  Name String Exists openssh-server
                  Arch String Exists amd64
                  Epoch String Exists 1
                  Release String Exists 4ubuntu0.5
                  Version String Exists 8.2p1
                  Evr Evr String Exists 1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5


                  Show Rule Result XML
                  <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.18_Ensure_SSH_MaxAuthTries_is_set_to_4_or_less"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.939Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/13"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995304_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
                               xccdf="fail"
                               script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
                               exit-value="102">
                  <out>
                     <l/>
                     <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                     <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                     <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                     <l> - check sshd parameter: "maxauthtries 6"</l>
                  </out>
                  <err/>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/sshd_running_config.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>102</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li/>
                                 <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                                 <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                                 <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                                 <li> - check sshd parameter: "maxauthtries 6"</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995308"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995308">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995308"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\s*maxauthtries\s+([5-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995305"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995305">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995305"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>openssh-server</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>8.2p1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                  References:

                  • URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
                  • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3

                  CIS Controls V7.0:

                  • Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them.
                    Subcontrol: 16.13
                    Label: Alert on Account Login Behavior Deviation
                    Description: Alert when users deviate from normal login behavior, such as time-of-day, workstation location and duration.
                    • >

                  CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                  • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                    Safeguard: 8.5
                    Label: Collect Detailed Audit Logs
                    Description: Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data. Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.
                    Implementation Group: IG-2
                    Security Function: Detect
                    • >

                  Back to Summary
                  Fail

                  4.2.19 Ensure SSH MaxStartups is configured

                  Description:

                  The MaxStartups parameter specifies the maximum number of concurrent unauthenticated connections to the SSH daemon.

                  To protect a system from denial of service due to a large number of pending authentication connection attempts, use the rate limiting function of MaxStartups to protect availability of sshd logins and prevent overwhelming the daemon.

                  Edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file to set the parameter above any Include entries as follows:

                  MaxStartups 10:30:60

                  Note: First occurrence of a option takes precedence. If Include locations are enabled, used, and order of precedence is understood in your environment, the entry may be created in a file in Include location.

                  Show Assessment Evidence
                  Complex Check
                  OR
                  Complex Check
                  AND
                  Complex Check
                  AND
                  Script: sce/sshd_running_config.sh
                  Result: Fail
                  Exit Value: 102
                  Output:
                  • - Audit Result:
                  • ** FAIL **
                  • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                  • - check sshd parameter: "maxstartups 10:30:100"
                  No error lines were collected.
                  Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*maxstartups\h+\"?(((1[1-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+):([0-9]+):([0-9]+))|(([0-9]+):(3[1-9]|[4-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+):([0-9]+))|(([0-9]+):([0-9]+):(6[1-9]|[7-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+)))
                  Existence Check: None Exist
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Pass
                  No matching system items were found.
                  Criterion: Ensurefile(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*maxstartups\h+\"?(((1[1-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+):([0-9]+):([0-9]+))|(([0-9]+):(3[1-9]|[4-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+):([0-9]+))|(([0-9]+):([0-9]+):(6[1-9]|[7-9][0-9]|[1-
                  Existence Check: None Exist
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Pass
                  No matching system items were found.
                  Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed
                  Existence Check: None Exist
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Fail
                  Dpkginfo Item
                  Name Type Status Value
                  Name String Exists openssh-server
                  Arch String Exists amd64
                  Epoch String Exists 1
                  Release String Exists 4ubuntu0.5
                  Version String Exists 8.2p1
                  Evr Evr String Exists 1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5


                  Show Rule Result XML
                  <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.19_Ensure_SSH_MaxStartups_is_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.939Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995310_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
                                  xccdf="fail"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
                                  exit-value="102">
                     <out>
                        <l/>
                        <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                        <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                        <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                        <l> - check sshd parameter: "maxstartups 10:30:100"</l>
                     </out>
                     <err/>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/sshd_running_config.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>102</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li/>
                                    <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                                    <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                                    <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                                    <li> - check sshd parameter: "maxstartups 10:30:100"</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995315"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995315">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995315"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="none_exist">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*maxstartups\h+\"?(((1[1-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+):([0-9]+):([0-9]+))|(([0-9]+):(3[1-9]|[4-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+):([0-9]+))|(([0-9]+):([0-9]+):(6[1-9]|[7-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+)))</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>None Exist</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995317"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995317">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995317"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensurefile(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*maxstartups\h+\"?(((1[1-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+):([0-9]+):([0-9]+))|(([0-9]+):(3[1-9]|[4-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+):([0-9]+))|(([0-9]+):([0-9]+):(6[1-9]|[7-9][0-9]|[1-</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995313"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995313">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995313"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>openssh-server</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>8.2p1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                  References:

                  • URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
                  • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5

                  CIS Controls V7.0:

                  • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                    Subcontrol: 5.1
                    Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                    Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
                    • >

                  CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                  • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                    Safeguard: 4.1
                    Label: Establish and Maintain a Secure Configuration Process
                    Description: Establish and maintain a secure configuration process for enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile, non-computing/IoT devices, and servers) and software (operating systems and applications). Review and update documentation annually, or when significant enterprise changes occur that could impact this Safeguard.
                    Implementation Group: IG-1
                    Security Function: Protect
                    • >

                  Back to Summary
                  Fail

                  4.2.20 Ensure SSH LoginGraceTime is set to one minute or less

                  Description:

                  The LoginGraceTime parameter specifies the time allowed for successful authentication to the SSH server. The longer the Grace period is the more open unauthenticated connections can exist. Like other session controls in this session the Grace Period should be limited to appropriate organizational limits to ensure the service is available for needed access.

                  Setting the LoginGraceTime parameter to a low number will minimize the risk of successful brute force attacks to the SSH server. It will also limit the number of concurrent unauthenticated connections While the recommended setting is 60 seconds (1 Minute), set the number based on site policy.

                  Edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file to set the parameter above any Include entries as follows:

                  LoginGraceTime 60

                  Note: First occurrence of a option takes precedence, Match set statements withstanding. If Include locations are enabled, used, and order of precedence is understood in your environment, the entry may be created in a file in Include location.

                  Show Assessment Evidence
                  Complex Check
                  OR
                  Complex Check
                  AND
                  Complex Check
                  AND
                  Script: sce/sshd_running_config.sh
                  Result: Fail
                  Exit Value: 102
                  Output:
                  • - Audit Result:
                  • ** FAIL **
                  • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                  • - check sshd parameter: "logingracetime 120"
                  No error lines were collected.
                  Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*LoginGraceTime\h+\"?(0|6[1-9]|[7-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+|[^1]m)\b
                  Existence Check: None Exist
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Pass
                  No matching system items were found.
                  Criterion: Ensurefile(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*LoginGraceTime\h+"?(0|6[1-9]|[7-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+|[^1]m)\b
                  Existence Check: None Exist
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Pass
                  No matching system items were found.
                  Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed
                  Existence Check: None Exist
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Fail
                  Dpkginfo Item
                  Name Type Status Value
                  Name String Exists openssh-server
                  Arch String Exists amd64
                  Epoch String Exists 1
                  Release String Exists 4ubuntu0.5
                  Version String Exists 8.2p1
                  Evr Evr String Exists 1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5


                  Show Rule Result XML
                  <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.20_Ensure_SSH_LoginGraceTime_is_set_to_one_minute_or_less"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.940Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995321_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
                                  xccdf="fail"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
                                  exit-value="102">
                     <out>
                        <l/>
                        <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                        <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                        <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                        <l> - check sshd parameter: "logingracetime 120"</l>
                     </out>
                     <err/>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/sshd_running_config.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>102</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li/>
                                    <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                                    <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                                    <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                                    <li> - check sshd parameter: "logingracetime 120"</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995325"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995325">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995325"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="none_exist">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*LoginGraceTime\h+\"?(0|6[1-9]|[7-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+|[^1]m)\b</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>None Exist</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995327"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995327">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995327"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensurefile(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*LoginGraceTime\h+"?(0|6[1-9]|[7-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+|[^1]m)\b</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995322"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995322">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995322"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>openssh-server</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>8.2p1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                  References:

                  • URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
                  • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6

                  Back to Summary
                  Pass

                  4.2.21 Ensure SSH MaxSessions is set to 10 or less

                  Description:

                  The MaxSessions parameter specifies the maximum number of open sessions permitted from a given connection.

                  To protect a system from denial of service due to a large number of concurrent sessions, use the rate limiting function of MaxSessions to protect availability of sshd logins and prevent overwhelming the daemon.

                  Edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file to set the parameter above any Include entries as follows:

                  MaxSessions 10

                  Note: First occurrence of a option takes precedence, Match set statements withstanding. If Include locations are enabled, used, and order of precedence is understood in your environment, the entry may be created in a file in Include location.

                  Show Assessment Evidence
                  Complex Check
                  OR
                  Complex Check
                  AND
                  Complex Check
                  AND
                  Script: sce/sshd_running_config.sh
                  Result: Pass
                  Exit Value: 101
                  Output:
                  • - Audit Result:
                  • ** PASS **
                  • - sshd parameter: "maxsessions 10"
                  No error lines were collected.
                  Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*MaxSessions\h+"?(1[1-9]|[2-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+)\b
                  Existence Check: None Exist
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Pass
                  No matching system items were found.
                  Criterion: Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*MaxSessions\h+"?(1[1-9]|[2-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+)\b
                  Existence Check: None Exist
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Pass
                  No matching system items were found.
                  Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed
                  Existence Check: None Exist
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Fail
                  Dpkginfo Item
                  Name Type Status Value
                  Name String Exists openssh-server
                  Arch String Exists amd64
                  Epoch String Exists 1
                  Release String Exists 4ubuntu0.5
                  Version String Exists 8.2p1
                  Evr Evr String Exists 1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5


                  Show Rule Result XML
                  <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.21_Ensure_SSH_MaxSessions_is_set_to_10_or_less"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.941Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">SSHD_CONFIG(5)</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995330_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
                                  xccdf="pass"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
                                  exit-value="101">
                     <out>
                        <l/>
                        <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                        <l>  ** PASS **</l>
                        <l> - sshd parameter: "maxsessions 10"</l>
                     </out>
                     <err/>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/sshd_running_config.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>101</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li/>
                                    <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                                    <li>  ** PASS **</li>
                                    <li> - sshd parameter: "maxsessions 10"</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995335"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995335">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995335"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="none_exist">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*MaxSessions\h+"?(1[1-9]|[2-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+)\b</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>None Exist</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995337"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995337">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995337"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*MaxSessions\h+"?(1[1-9]|[2-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+)\b</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995332"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995332">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995332"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>openssh-server</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>8.2p1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                  References:

                  • URL: SSHD_CONFIG(5)
                  • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5

                  Back to Summary
                  Pass

                  4.2.22 Ensure SSH Idle Timeout Interval is configured

                  Description:

                  Note: To clarify, the two settings described below are only meant for idle connections from a protocol perspective and are not meant to check if the user is active or not. An idle user does not mean an idle connection. SSH does not and never had, intentionally, the capability to drop idle users. In SSH versions before 8.2p1 there was a bug that caused these values to behave in such a manner that they were abused to disconnect idle users. This bug has been resolved in 8.2p1 and thus it can no longer be abused disconnect idle users.

                  The two options ClientAliveInterval and ClientAliveCountMax control the timeout of SSH sessions. Taken directly from man 5 sshd_config :

                  • ClientAliveInterval Sets a timeout interval in seconds after which if no data has been received from the client, sshd(8) will send a message through the encrypted channel to request a response from the client. The default is 0, indicating that these messages will not be sent to the client.

                  • ClientAliveCountMax Sets the number of client alive messages which may be sent without sshd(8) receiving any messages back from the client. If this threshold is reached while client alive messages are being sent, sshd will disconnect the client, terminating the session. It is important to note that the use of client alive messages is very different from TCPKeepAlive. The client alive messages are sent through the encrypted channel and therefore will not be spoofable. The TCP keepalive option en‐abled by TCPKeepAlive is spoofable. The client alive mechanism is valuable when the client or server depend on knowing when a connection has become unresponsive. The default value is 3. If ClientAliveInterval is set to 15, and ClientAliveCountMax is left at the default, unresponsive SSH clients will be disconnected after approximately 45 seconds. Setting a zero ClientAliveCountMax disables connection termination.

                  In order to prevent resource exhaustion, appropriate values should be set for both ClientAliveInterval and ClientAliveCountMax . Specifically, looking at the source code, ClientAliveCountMax must be greater than zero in order to utilize the ability of SSH to drop idle connections. If connections are allowed to stay open indefinately, this can potentially be used as a DDOS attack or simple resource exhaustion could occur over unreliable networks.

                  The example set here is a 45 second timeout. Consult your site policy for network timeouts and apply as appropriate.

                  Edit the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file to set the parameters above any Include entries according to site policy.

                  Example:

                  ClientAliveInterval 15

                  ClientAliveCountMax 3

                  Note: First occurrence of a option takes precedence, Match set statements withstanding. If Include locations are enabled, used, and order of precedence is understood in your environment, the entry may be created in a file in Include location.

                  Show Assessment Evidence
                  Complex Check
                  OR
                  Complex Check
                  AND
                  Complex Check
                  AND
                  Script: sce/sshd_running_config.sh
                  Result: Pass
                  Exit Value: 101
                  Output:
                  • - Audit Result:
                  • ** PASS **
                  • - sshd parameter: "clientalivecountmax 3"
                  No error lines were collected.
                  Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*ClientAliveCountMax\h+"?0\b
                  Existence Check: None Exist
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Pass
                  No matching system items were found.
                  Criterion: Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*ClientAliveCountMax\h+"?0\b
                  Existence Check: None Exist
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Pass
                  No matching system items were found.
                  Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed
                  Existence Check: None Exist
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Fail
                  Dpkginfo Item
                  Name Type Status Value
                  Name String Exists openssh-server
                  Arch String Exists amd64
                  Epoch String Exists 1
                  Release String Exists 4ubuntu0.5
                  Version String Exists 8.2p1
                  Evr Evr String Exists 1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5


                  Show Rule Result XML
                  <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.2.22_Ensure_SSH_Idle_Timeout_Interval_is_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.941Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">https://man.openbsd.org/sshd_config</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995340_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
                                  xccdf="pass"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/sshd_running_config.sh"
                                  exit-value="101">
                     <out>
                        <l/>
                        <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                        <l>  ** PASS **</l>
                        <l> - sshd parameter: "clientalivecountmax 3"</l>
                     </out>
                     <err/>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/sshd_running_config.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>101</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li/>
                                    <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                                    <li>  ** PASS **</li>
                                    <li> - sshd parameter: "clientalivecountmax 3"</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995345"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995345">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995345"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="none_exist">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure no file named /etc/ssh/sshd_config exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*ClientAliveCountMax\h+"?0\b</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>None Exist</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995347"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995347">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995347"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*ClientAliveCountMax\h+"?0\b</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995342"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995342">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995342"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'openssh-server' is not installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>openssh-server</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>8.2p1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1:8.2p1-4ubuntu0.5</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                  References:

                  • URL: https://man.openbsd.org/sshd_config
                  • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5

                  Back to Summary

                  4.3 Configure privilege escalation

                  There are various tools which allows a permitted user to execute a command as the superuser or another user, as specified by the security policy.

                  sudo

                  sudo documentation

                  The invoking user's real (not effective) user ID is used to determine the user name with which to query the security policy.

                  sudo supports a plug-in architecture for security policies and input/output logging. Third parties can develop and distribute their own policy and I/O logging plug-ins to work seamlessly with the sudo front end. The default security policy is sudoers , which is configured via the file /etc/sudoers and any entries in /etc/sudoers.d .

                  pkexec

                  pkexec documentation

                  pkexec allows an authorized user to execute PROGRAM as another user. If username is not specified, then the program will be executed as the administrative super user, root .

                  Pass

                  4.3.1 Ensure sudo is installed

                  Description:

                  sudo allows a permitted user to execute a command as the superuser or another user, as specified by the security policy. The invoking user's real (not effective) user ID is used to determine the user name with which to query the security policy.

                  sudo supports a plug-in architecture for security policies and input/output logging. Third parties can develop and distribute their own policy and I/O logging plug-ins to work seamlessly with the sudo front end. The default security policy is sudoers , which is configured via the file /etc/sudoers and any entries in /etc/sudoers.d .

                  The security policy determines what privileges, if any, a user has to run sudo . The policy may require that users authenticate themselves with a password or another authentication mechanism. If authentication is required, sudo will exit if the user's password is not entered within a configurable time limit. This limit is policy-specific.

                  First determine is LDAP functionality is required. If so, then install sudo-ldap , else install sudo .

                  Example:

                  # apt install sudo

                  Show Assessment Evidence
                  Complex Check
                  OR
                  Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'sudo' is installed
                  Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Pass
                  Dpkginfo Item
                  Name Type Status Value
                  Name String Exists sudo
                  Arch String Exists amd64
                  Epoch String Exists (none)
                  Release String Exists 1ubuntu1.2
                  Version String Exists 1.8.31
                  Evr Evr String Exists 0:1.8.31-1ubuntu1.2
                  Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'sudo-ldap' is installed
                  Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Fail
                  No matching system items were found.


                  Show Rule Result XML
                  <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3.1_Ensure_sudo_is_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.941Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">SUDO(8)</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-2, AC-6</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995351"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995351">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995351"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'sudo' is installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>sudo</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>(none)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1ubuntu1.2</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1.8.31</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0:1.8.31-1ubuntu1.2</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995353"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995353">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995353"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'sudo-ldap' is installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                  References:

                  • URL: SUDO(8)
                  • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-2, AC-6

                  CIS Controls V7.0:

                  • Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications.
                    Subcontrol: 4.3
                    Label: Ensure the Use of Dedicated Administrative Accounts
                    Description: Ensure that all users with administrative account access use a dedicated or secondary account for elevated activities. This account should only be used for administrative activities and not internet browsing, email, or similar activities.
                    • >

                  CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                  • Control 5: Account Management: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise assets and software.
                    Safeguard: 5.4
                    Label: Restrict Administrator Privileges to Dedicated Administrator Accounts
                    Description: Restrict administrator privileges to dedicated administrator accounts on enterprise assets. Conduct general computing activities, such as internet browsing, email, and productivity suite use, from the user's primary, non-privileged account.
                    Implementation Group: IG-1
                    Security Function: Protect
                    • >

                  Back to Summary
                  Fail

                  4.3.2 Ensure sudo commands use pty

                  Description:

                  sudo can be configured to run only from a pseudo terminal ( pseudo-pty ).

                  Attackers can run a malicious program using sudo which would fork a background process that remains even when the main program has finished executing.

                  Edit the file /etc/sudoers with visudo or a file in /etc/sudoers.d/ with visudo -f <PATH TO FILE> and add the following line:

                  Defaults use_pty

                  Note:

                  • sudo will read each file in /etc/sudoers.d , skipping file names that end in ~ or contain a . character to avoid causing problems with package manager or editor temporary/backup files.
                  • Files are parsed in sorted lexical order. That is, /etc/sudoers.d/01_first will be parsed before /etc/sudoers.d/10_second .
                  • Be aware that because the sorting is lexical, not numeric, /etc/sudoers.d/1_whoops would be loaded after /etc/sudoers.d/10_second .
                  • Using a consistent number of leading zeroes in the file names can be used to avoid such problems.

                  Impact:

                  WARNING: Editing the sudo configuration incorrectly can cause sudo to stop functioning. Always use visudo to modify sudo configuration files.

                  Show Assessment Evidence
                  Complex Check
                  OR
                  Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/sudoers exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*Defaults\h+([^#\n\r]+,)?use_pty(,\h*\h+\h*)*\h*(#.*)?$
                  Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Fail
                  No matching system items were found.
                  Criterion: Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/sudoers.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*Defaults\h+([^#\n\r]+,)?use_pty(,\h*\h+\h*)*\h*(#.*)?$
                  Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Fail
                  No matching system items were found.


                  Show Rule Result XML
                  <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3.2_Ensure_sudo_commands_use_pty"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.941Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">SUDO(8)</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">VISUDO(8)</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">sudoers(5)</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995356"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995356">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995356"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/sudoers exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*Defaults\h+([^#\n\r]+,)?use_pty(,\h*\h+\h*)*\h*(#.*)?$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995358"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995358">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995358"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/sudoers.d/ exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*Defaults\h+([^#\n\r]+,)?use_pty(,\h*\h+\h*)*\h*(#.*)?$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                  References:

                  • URL: SUDO(8)
                  • URL: VISUDO(8)
                  • URL: sudoers(5)

                  CIS Controls V7.0:

                  • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                    Subcontrol: 5.1
                    Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                    Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
                    • >

                  CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                  • Control 5: Account Management: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise assets and software.
                    Safeguard: 5.4
                    Label: Restrict Administrator Privileges to Dedicated Administrator Accounts
                    Description: Restrict administrator privileges to dedicated administrator accounts on enterprise assets. Conduct general computing activities, such as internet browsing, email, and productivity suite use, from the user's primary, non-privileged account.
                    Implementation Group: IG-1
                    Security Function: Protect
                    • >

                  Back to Summary
                  Fail

                  4.3.3 Ensure sudo log file exists

                  Description:

                  sudo can use a custom log file

                  A sudo log file simplifies auditing of sudo commands

                  Edit the file /etc/sudoers or a file in /etc/sudoers.d/ with visudo or visudo -f <PATH TO FILE> and add the following line:

                  Example:

                  Defaults logfile="/var/log/sudo.log"

                  Note:

                  • sudo will read each file in /etc/sudoers.d , skipping file names that end in ~ or contain a . character to avoid causing problems with package manager or editor temporary/backup files.
                  • Files are parsed in sorted lexical order. That is, /etc/sudoers.d/01_first will be parsed before /etc/sudoers.d/10_second .
                  • Be aware that because the sorting is lexical, not numeric, /etc/sudoers.d/1_whoops would be loaded after /etc/sudoers.d/10_second .
                  • Using a consistent number of leading zeroes in the file names can be used to avoid such problems.

                  Impact:

                  WARNING: Editing the sudo configuration incorrectly can cause sudo to stop functioning. Always use visudo to modify sudo configuration files.

                  Show Assessment Evidence
                  Complex Check
                  OR
                  Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/sudoers exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*Defaults\h+([^#]+,\h*)?logfile\h*=\h*(\"|\')?\H+(\"|\')?(,\h*\H+\h*)*\h*(#.*)?$
                  Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Fail
                  No matching system items were found.
                  Criterion: Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/sudoers.d exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*Defaults\h+([^#]+,\h*)?logfile\h*=\h*(\"|\')?\H+(\"|\')?(,\h*\H+\h*)*\h*(#.*)?$
                  Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Fail
                  No matching system items were found.


                  Show Rule Result XML
                  <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3.3_Ensure_sudo_log_file_exists"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.941Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">SUDO(8)</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">VISUDO(8)</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">sudoers(5)</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995362"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995362">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995362"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/sudoers exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*Defaults\h+([^#]+,\h*)?logfile\h*=\h*(\"|\')?\H+(\"|\')?(,\h*\H+\h*)*\h*(#.*)?$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995363"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995363">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995363"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/sudoers.d exists and matches pattern ^(?i)\h*Defaults\h+([^#]+,\h*)?logfile\h*=\h*(\"|\')?\H+(\"|\')?(,\h*\H+\h*)*\h*(#.*)?$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                  References:

                  • URL: SUDO(8)
                  • URL: VISUDO(8)
                  • URL: sudoers(5)

                  CIS Controls V7.0:

                  • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                    Subcontrol: 6.3
                    Label: Enable Detailed Logging
                    Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
                    • >

                  CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                  • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                    Safeguard: 8.5
                    Label: Collect Detailed Audit Logs
                    Description: Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data. Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.
                    Implementation Group: IG-2
                    Security Function: Detect
                    • >

                  Back to Summary
                  Fail

                  4.3.4 Ensure users must provide password for privilege escalation

                  Description:

                  The operating system must be configured so that users must provide a password for privilege escalation.

                  Without (re-)authentication, users may access resources or perform tasks for which they do not have authorization.

                  When operating systems provide the capability to escalate a functional capability, it is critical the user (re-)authenticate.

                  Based on the outcome of the audit procedure, use visudo -f <PATH TO FILE> to edit the relevant sudoers file.

                  Remove any line with occurrences of NOPASSWD tags in the file.

                  Impact:

                  This will prevent automated processes from being able to elevate privileges.

                  Show Assessment Evidence
                  Complex Check
                  AND
                  Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/sudoers exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*([^#\n\r]+\h*)?\bNOPASSWD\b(.*)?$
                  Existence Check: None Exist
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Pass
                  No matching system items were found.
                  Criterion: Ensurefile(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/sudoers.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*([^#\n\r]+\h*)?\bNOPASSWD\b(.*)?$
                  Existence Check: None Exist
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Fail
                  Textfilecontent Item
                  Name Type Status Value
                  Filepath String Exists /etc/sudoers.d/90-cloud-init-users
                  Path String Exists /etc/sudoers.d
                  Filename String Exists 90-cloud-init-users
                  Pattern String Exists (?i)^\h*([^#\n\r]+\h*)?\bNOPASSWD\b(.*)?$
                  Instance Int Exists 1
                  Line String Exists ubuntu ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL
                  Text String Exists ubuntu ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL
                  Subexpression String Exists ubuntu ALL=(ALL)
                  Subexpression String Exists :ALL
                  Windows View String Not collected No Value


                  Show Rule Result XML
                  <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3.4_Ensure_users_must_provide_password_for_privilege_escalation"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.941Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-6</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995367"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995367">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995367"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure no file named /etc/sudoers exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*([^#\n\r]+\h*)?\bNOPASSWD\b(.*)?$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995368"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995368">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995368"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensurefile(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/sudoers.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*([^#\n\r]+\h*)?\bNOPASSWD\b(.*)?$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filepath</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/sudoers.d/90-cloud-init-users</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/sudoers.d</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>90-cloud-init-users</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Pattern</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>(?i)^\h*([^#\n\r]+\h*)?\bNOPASSWD\b(.*)?$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Instance</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>ubuntu ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Text</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>ubuntu ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Subexpression</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>ubuntu ALL=(ALL) </td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Subexpression</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>:ALL</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Windows View</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                  References:

                  • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-6

                  CIS Controls V7.0:

                  • Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications.
                    Subcontrol: 4.3
                    Label: Ensure the Use of Dedicated Administrative Accounts
                    Description: Ensure that all users with administrative account access use a dedicated or secondary account for elevated activities. This account should only be used for administrative activities and not internet browsing, email, or similar activities.
                    • >

                  CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                  • Control 5: Account Management: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise assets and software.
                    Safeguard: 5.4
                    Label: Restrict Administrator Privileges to Dedicated Administrator Accounts
                    Description: Restrict administrator privileges to dedicated administrator accounts on enterprise assets. Conduct general computing activities, such as internet browsing, email, and productivity suite use, from the user's primary, non-privileged account.
                    Implementation Group: IG-1
                    Security Function: Protect
                    • >

                  Back to Summary
                  Pass

                  4.3.5 Ensure re-authentication for privilege escalation is not disabled globally

                  Description:

                  The operating system must be configured so that users must re-authenticate for privilege escalation.

                  Without re-authentication, users may access resources or perform tasks for which they do not have authorization.

                  When operating systems provide the capability to escalate a functional capability, it is critical the user re-authenticate.

                  Configure the operating system to require users to reauthenticate for privilege escalation.

                  Based on the outcome of the audit procedure, use visudo -f <PATH TO FILE> to edit the relevant sudoers file.

                  Remove any occurrences of !authenticate tags in the file(s).

                  Show Assessment Evidence
                  Complex Check
                  AND
                  Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/sudoers exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*([^#\n\r]+\h+)?\!authenticate\b(\.*)?$
                  Existence Check: None Exist
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Pass
                  No matching system items were found.
                  Criterion: Ensurefile(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/sudoers.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*([^#\n\r]+\h+)?\!authenticate\b(\.*)?$
                  Existence Check: None Exist
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Pass
                  No matching system items were found.


                  Show Rule Result XML
                  <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3.5_Ensure_re-authentication_for_privilege_escalation_is_not_disabled_globally"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.941Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-6</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995372"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995372">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995372"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure no file named /etc/sudoers exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*([^#\n\r]+\h+)?\!authenticate\b(\.*)?$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995374"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995374">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995374"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensurefile(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/sudoers.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*([^#\n\r]+\h+)?\!authenticate\b(\.*)?$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                  References:

                  • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-6

                  CIS Controls V7.0:

                  • Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications.
                    Subcontrol: 4.3
                    Label: Ensure the Use of Dedicated Administrative Accounts
                    Description: Ensure that all users with administrative account access use a dedicated or secondary account for elevated activities. This account should only be used for administrative activities and not internet browsing, email, or similar activities.
                    • >

                  CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                  • Control 5: Account Management: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise assets and software.
                    Safeguard: 5.4
                    Label: Restrict Administrator Privileges to Dedicated Administrator Accounts
                    Description: Restrict administrator privileges to dedicated administrator accounts on enterprise assets. Conduct general computing activities, such as internet browsing, email, and productivity suite use, from the user's primary, non-privileged account.
                    Implementation Group: IG-1
                    Security Function: Protect
                    • >

                  Back to Summary
                  Pass

                  4.3.6 Ensure sudo authentication timeout is configured correctly

                  Description:

                  sudo caches used credentials for a default of 15 minutes. This is for ease of use when there are multiple administrative tasks to perform. The timeout can be modified to suit local security policies.

                  This default is distribution specific. See audit section for further information.

                  Setting a timeout value reduces the window of opportunity for unauthorized privileged access to another user.

                  If the currently configured timeout is larger than 15 minutes, edit the file listed in the audit section with visudo -f <PATH TO FILE> and modify the entry timestamp_timeout= to 15 minutes or less as per your site policy. The value is in minutes. This particular entry may appear on it's own, or on the same line as env_reset . See the following two examples:

                  Defaults env_reset, timestamp_timeout=15 Defaults timestamp_timeout=15

                  Defaults env_reset

                  Show Assessment Evidence
                  Complex Check
                  AND
                  Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/sudoers exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*defaults\h+(?:[^#\n\r]+\h*,\h*)?timestamp_timeout=(-1|1[6-9]|[2-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+)\b(\h*,\h*.*)?$
                  Existence Check: None Exist
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Pass
                  No matching system items were found.
                  Criterion: Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/sudoers.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*defaults\h+(?:[^#\n\r]+\h*,\h*)?timestamp_timeout=(-1|1[6-9]|[2-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+)\b(\h*,\h*.*)?$
                  Existence Check: None Exist
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Pass
                  No matching system items were found.


                  Show Rule Result XML
                  <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3.6_Ensure_sudo_authentication_timeout_is_configured_correctly"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.941Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.sudo.ws/man/1.9.0/sudoers.man.html</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-6</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995378"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995378">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995378"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure no file named /etc/sudoers exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*defaults\h+(?:[^#\n\r]+\h*,\h*)?timestamp_timeout=(-1|1[6-9]|[2-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+)\b(\h*,\h*.*)?$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995380"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995380">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995380"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+\.conf$ in /etc/sudoers.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*defaults\h+(?:[^#\n\r]+\h*,\h*)?timestamp_timeout=(-1|1[6-9]|[2-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]+)\b(\h*,\h*.*)?$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                  References:

                  • URL: https://www.sudo.ws/man/1.9.0/sudoers.man.html
                  • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-6

                  CIS Controls V7.0:

                  • Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications.
                    Subcontrol: 4.3
                    Label: Ensure the Use of Dedicated Administrative Accounts
                    Description: Ensure that all users with administrative account access use a dedicated or secondary account for elevated activities. This account should only be used for administrative activities and not internet browsing, email, or similar activities.
                    • >

                  CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                  • Control 5: Account Management: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise assets and software.
                    Safeguard: 5.4
                    Label: Restrict Administrator Privileges to Dedicated Administrator Accounts
                    Description: Restrict administrator privileges to dedicated administrator accounts on enterprise assets. Conduct general computing activities, such as internet browsing, email, and productivity suite use, from the user's primary, non-privileged account.
                    Implementation Group: IG-1
                    Security Function: Protect
                    • >

                  Back to Summary
                  Fail

                  4.3.7 Ensure access to the su command is restricted

                  Description:

                  The su command allows a user to run a command or shell as another user. The program has been superseded by sudo , which allows for more granular control over privileged access. Normally, the su command can be executed by any user. By uncommenting the pam_wheel.so statement in /etc/pam.d/su , the su command will only allow users in a specific groups to execute su . This group should be empty to reinforce the use of sudo for privileged access.

                  Restricting the use of su , and using sudo in its place, provides system administrators better control of the escalation of user privileges to execute privileged commands. The sudo utility also provides a better logging and audit mechanism, as it can log each command executed via sudo , whereas su can only record that a user executed the su program.

                  Create an empty group that will be specified for use of the su command. The group should be named according to site policy.

                  Example:

                  # groupadd sugroup

                  Add the following line to the /etc/pam.d/su file, specifying the empty group:

                  auth required pam_wheel.so use_uid group=sugroup

                  Show Assessment Evidence
                  Complex Check
                  AND
                  Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/su exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*auth\h+(?:required|requisite)\h+pam_wheel\.so\h+(?:[^#\n\r]+\h+)?((?!\2)(use_uid\b|group=\H+\b))\h+(?:[^#\n\r]+\h+)?((?!\1)(use_uid\b|group=\H+\b))(\h+.*)?$
                  Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Fail
                  No matching system items were found.


                  Show Rule Result XML
                  <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.3.7_Ensure_access_to_the_su_command_is_restricted"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.942Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995384"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995384">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995384"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/su exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*auth\h+(?:required|requisite)\h+pam_wheel\.so\h+(?:[^#\n\r]+\h+)?((?!\2)(use_uid\b|group=\H+\b))\h+(?:[^#\n\r]+\h+)?((?!\1)(use_uid\b|group=\H+\b))(\h+.*)?$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                  References:

                  • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2

                  CIS Controls V7.0:

                  • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                    Subcontrol: 14.6
                    Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                    Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                    • >

                  CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                  • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                    Safeguard: 3.3
                    Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                    Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                    Implementation Group: IG-1
                    Security Function: Protect
                    • >

                  Back to Summary

                  4.4 Configure PAM

                  PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules) is a service that implements modular authentication modules on UNIX systems. PAM is implemented as a set of shared objects that are loaded and executed when a program needs to authenticate a user. Files for PAM are typically located in the /etc/pam.d directory. PAM must be carefully configured to secure system authentication. While this section covers some of PAM, please consult other PAM resources to fully understand the configuration capabilities.

                  Note: The usage of pam-auth-update :

                  • As of this writing, the management of PAM via pam-auth-update does not offer all the required functionality implemented by the benchmark. As such, the usage of pam-auth-update is not recommended at present.
                  Fail

                  4.4.1 Ensure password creation requirements are configured

                  Description:

                  The pam_pwquality.so module checks the strength of passwords. It performs checks such as making sure a password is not a dictionary word, it is a certain length, contains a mix of characters (e.g. alphabet, numeric, other) and more.

                  The following options are set in the /etc/security/pwquality.conf file:

                  • Password Length:
                    • minlen = 14 - password must be 14 characters or more
                  • Password complexity:

                    • minclass = 4 - The minimum number of required classes of characters for the new password (digits, uppercase, lowercase, others)

                      OR

                    • dcredit = -1 - provide at least one digit

                    • ucredit = -1 - provide at least one uppercase character

                    • ocredit = -1 - provide at least one special character

                    • lcredit = -1 - provide at least one lowercase character

                  Strong passwords protect systems from being hacked through brute force methods.

                  The following setting is a recommend example policy. Alter these values to conform to your own organization's password policies.

                  Run the following command to install the pam_pwquality module:

                  # apt install libpam-pwquality

                  Edit the file /etc/security/pwquality.conf and add or modify the following line for password length to conform to site policy:

                  minlen = 14

                  Edit the file /etc/security/pwquality.conf and add or modify the following line for password complexity to conform to site policy:

                  Option 1

                  minclass = 4

                  Option 2

                  dcredit = -1

                  ucredit = -1

                  ocredit = -1

                  lcredit = -1

                  Edit the /etc/pam.d/common-password file to include pam_pwquality.so and to conform to site policy:

                  password requisite pam_pwquality.so retry=3

                  Show Assessment Evidence
                  Complex Check
                  AND
                  Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/security/pwquality.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*minlen\s*=\s*(1[4-9]|[2-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9])(\s+#.*)*$
                  Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Fail
                  No matching system items were found.
                  Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/common-password exists and matches pattern ^\h*password\h+[^#\n\r]+\h+pam_pwquality\.so\b
                  Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Fail
                  No matching system items were found.


                  Show Rule Result XML
                  <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.4.1_Ensure_password_creation_requirements_are_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.943Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995387"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995387">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995387"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/security/pwquality.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*minlen\s*=\s*(1[4-9]|[2-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9])(\s+#.*)*$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995389"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995389">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995389"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/common-password exists and matches pattern ^\h*password\h+[^#\n\r]+\h+pam_pwquality\.so\b</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                  References:

                  • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5

                  CIS Controls V7.0:

                  • Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications.
                    Subcontrol: 4.4
                    Label: Use Unique Passwords
                    Description: Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root, or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system.
                    • >

                  CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                  • Control 5: Account Management: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise assets and software.
                    Safeguard: 5.2
                    Label: Use Unique Passwords
                    Description: Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation includes, at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a 14-character password for accounts not using MFA.
                    Implementation Group: IG-1
                    Security Function: Protect
                    • >

                  Back to Summary
                  Fail

                  4.4.2 Ensure lockout for failed password attempts is configured

                  Description:

                  Lock out users after n unsuccessful consecutive login attempts. The first sets of changes are made to the PAM configuration files. The second set of changes are applied to the program specific PAM configuration file. The second set of changes must be applied to each program that will lock out users. Check the documentation for each secondary program for instructions on how to configure them to work with PAM.

                  • deny= n - n represents the number of failed attempts before the account is locked
                  • unlock_time= n - n represents the number of seconds before the account is unlocked
                  • audit - Will log the user name into the system log if the user is not found.
                  • silent - Don't print informative messages. Set the lockout number and unlock time in accordance with local site policy.

                  Locking out user IDs after n unsuccessful consecutive login attempts mitigates brute force password attacks against your systems.

                  Edit the /etc/pam.d/common-auth file and add the auth line below:

                  auth required pam_tally2.so onerr=fail audit silent deny=5 unlock_time=900

                  Edit the /etc/pam.d/common-account file and add the account lines bellow:

                  account requisite pam_deny.so

                  account required pam_tally2.so

                  Show Assessment Evidence
                  Complex Check
                  AND
                  Complex Check
                  AND
                  Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/common-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)\h*auth\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)pam_tally2\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?deny=[1-5]\b
                  Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Fail
                  No matching system items were found.
                  Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/common-account exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*account\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)pam_tally2\.so\b
                  Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Fail
                  No matching system items were found.
                  Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/common-account exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*account\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)pam_deny\.so\b
                  Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Pass
                  Textfilecontent Item
                  Name Type Status Value
                  Filepath String Exists /etc/pam.d/common-account
                  Path String Exists /etc/pam.d
                  Filename String Exists common-account
                  Pattern String Exists (?i)^\h*account\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)pam_deny\.so\b
                  Instance Int Exists 1
                  Line String Exists account requisite pam_deny.so
                  Text String Exists account requisite pam_deny.so
                  Subexpression String Exists requisite
                  Windows View String Not collected No Value


                  Show Rule Result XML
                  <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.4.2_Ensure_lockout_for_failed_password_attempts_is_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.944Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/7"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-1, AC-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995392"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995392">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995392"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/common-auth exists and matches pattern (?i)\h*auth\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)pam_tally2\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?deny=[1-5]\b</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995393"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995393">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995393"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/common-account exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*account\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)pam_tally2\.so\b</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995394"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995394">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995394"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/common-account exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*account\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)pam_deny\.so\b</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filepath</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/pam.d/common-account</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/pam.d</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>common-account</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Pattern</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>(?i)^\h*account\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)pam_deny\.so\b</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Instance</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>account	requisite			pam_deny.so</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Text</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>account	requisite			pam_deny.so</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Subexpression</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>requisite			</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Windows View</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                  References:

                  • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-1, AC-2

                  CIS Controls V7.0:

                  • Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them.
                    Subcontrol: 16.7
                    Label: Establish Process for Revoking Access
                    Description: Establish and follow an automated process for revoking system access by disabling accounts immediately upon termination or change of responsibilities of an employee or contractor . Disabling these accounts, instead of deleting accounts, allows preservation of audit trails.
                    • >

                  Back to Summary
                  Fail

                  4.4.3 Ensure password reuse is limited

                  Description:

                  The /etc/security/opasswd file stores the users' old passwords and can be checked to ensure that users are not recycling recent passwords.

                  Forcing users not to reuse their past 5 passwords make it less likely that an attacker will be able to guess the password.

                  NOTE: Pay special attention to the configuration. Incorrect configuration can cause system lock outs or unexpected behavior. This is example configuration. You configuration may differ based on previous changes to the files.

                  Edit the /etc/pam.d/common-password file to include:

                  • password required pam_pwhistory.so remember=5
                  • use_authtok on the pam_unix.so line

                  Example:

                  password required pam_pwhistory.so remember=5

                  password [success=1 default=ignore] pam_unix.so obscure sha512 use_authtok

                  Show Assessment Evidence
                  Complex Check
                  AND
                  Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/common-password exists and matches pattern ^\h*password\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?pam_pwhistory\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?remember=([5-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)(\b|\h+|$)
                  Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Fail
                  No matching system items were found.
                  Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/common-password exists and matches pattern ^\h*password\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?pam_unix\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?use_authtok\b
                  Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Fail
                  No matching system items were found.


                  Show Rule Result XML
                  <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.4.3_Ensure_password_reuse_is_limited"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.944Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/focal/man8/pam_pwhistory.8.html</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/pam/+bug/1989731</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-2, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995395"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995395">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995395"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/common-password exists and matches pattern ^\h*password\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?pam_pwhistory\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?remember=([5-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)(\b|\h+|$)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995396"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995396">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995396"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/common-password exists and matches pattern ^\h*password\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?pam_unix\.so\h+([^#\n\r]+\h+)?use_authtok\b</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                  References:

                  • URL: https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/focal/man8/pam_pwhistory.8.html
                  • URL: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/pam/+bug/1989731
                  • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-2, IA-5

                  CIS Controls V7.0:

                  • Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications.
                    Subcontrol: 4.4
                    Label: Use Unique Passwords
                    Description: Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root, or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system.
                    • >

                  CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                  • Control 5: Account Management: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise assets and software.
                    Safeguard: 5.2
                    Label: Use Unique Passwords
                    Description: Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation includes, at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a 14-character password for accounts not using MFA.
                    Implementation Group: IG-1
                    Security Function: Protect
                    • >

                  Back to Summary
                  Pass

                  4.4.4 Ensure strong password hashing algorithm is configured

                  Description:

                  Hash functions behave as one-way functions by using mathematical operations that are extremely difficult and cumbersome to revert

                  When a user is created, the password is run through a one-way hashing algorithm before being stored. When the user logs in, the password sent is run through the same one-way hashing algorithm and compared to the hash connected with the provided username. If the hashed password and the stored hash match, the login is valid.

                  The SHA512 hashing algorithm provides stronger hashing than previous available algorithms like MD5 , thus providing additional protection to the system by increasing the level of effort for an attacker to successfully determine passwords.

                  Note:

                  • Pay special attention to the configuration. Incorrect configuration can cause system lock outs.
                  • This is an example configuration. Your configuration may differ based on previous changes to the files.
                  • The encryption method on the password success line for pam_unix.so and the ENCRYPT_METHOD line in /etc/login.defs should match.

                  Edit the /etc/pam.d/common-password file and ensure that sha512 is included and the pam_unix.so success line:

                  Example:

                  password [success=1 default=ignore] pam_unix.so obscure sha512 use_authtok

                  Edit /etc/login.defs and ensure that ENCRYPT_METHOD is set to SHA512 .

                  ENCRYPT_METHOD SHA512

                  Show Assessment Evidence
                  Complex Check
                  AND
                  Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/login.defs exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*ENCRYPT_METHOD\h+(sha512|yescrypt)\b
                  Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Pass
                  Textfilecontent Item
                  Name Type Status Value
                  Filepath String Exists /etc/login.defs
                  Path String Exists /etc
                  Filename String Exists login.defs
                  Pattern String Exists (?i)^\h*ENCRYPT_METHOD\h+(sha512|yescrypt)\b
                  Instance Int Exists 1
                  Line String Exists ENCRYPT_METHOD SHA512
                  Text String Exists ENCRYPT_METHOD SHA512
                  Subexpression String Exists SHA512
                  Windows View String Not collected No Value
                  Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/common-password exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+[^#\n\r]+\h+pam_unix.so([^#\n\r]+\h+)?(sha512|yescrypt)\b
                  Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Pass
                  Textfilecontent Item
                  Name Type Status Value
                  Filepath String Exists OBFUSCATED [PWD]
                  Path String Exists /etc/pam.d
                  Filename String Exists OBFUSCATED [PWD]
                  Pattern String Exists OBFUSCATED [PWD]
                  Instance Int Exists 1
                  Line String Exists OBFUSCATED [PWD]
                  Text String Exists OBFUSCATED [PWD]
                  Subexpression String Exists obscure
                  Subexpression String Exists sha512
                  Windows View String Not collected No Value


                  Show Rule Result XML
                  <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.4.4_Ensure_strong_password_hashing_algorithm_is_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.944Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/11"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5, SC-28</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995397"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995397">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995397"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/login.defs exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*ENCRYPT_METHOD\h+(sha512|yescrypt)\b</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filepath</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/login.defs</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>login.defs</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Pattern</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>(?i)^\h*ENCRYPT_METHOD\h+(sha512|yescrypt)\b</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Instance</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>ENCRYPT_METHOD SHA512</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Text</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>ENCRYPT_METHOD SHA512</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Subexpression</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>SHA512</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Windows View</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995398"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995398">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995398"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/common-password exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*password\h+[^#\n\r]+\h+pam_unix.so([^#\n\r]+\h+)?(sha512|yescrypt)\b</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filepath</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/pam.d</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Pattern</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Instance</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Text</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>OBFUSCATED [PWD]</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Subexpression</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td> obscure </td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Subexpression</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>sha512</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Windows View</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                  References:

                  • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5, SC-28

                  CIS Controls V7.0:

                  • Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them.
                    Subcontrol: 16.4
                    Label: Encrypt or Hash all Authentication Credentials
                    Description: Encrypt or hash with a salt all authentication credentials when stored.
                    • >

                  CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                  • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                    Safeguard: 3.11
                    Label: Encrypt Sensitive Data at Rest
                    Description: Encrypt sensitive data at rest on servers, applications, and databases containing sensitive data. Storage-layer encryption, also known as server-side encryption, meets the minimum requirement of this Safeguard. Additional encryption methods may include application-layer encryption, also known as client-side encryption, where access to the data storage device(s) does not permit access to the plain-text data.
                    Implementation Group: IG-2
                    Security Function: Protect
                    • >

                  Back to Summary
                  Manual

                  4.4.5 Ensure all current passwords uses the configured hashing algorithm

                  Description:

                  Currently used passwords with out of date hashing algorithms may pose a security risk to the system.

                  In use passwords should always match the configured hashing algorithm for the system.

                  If the administrator wish to force an immediate change on all users as per the output of the audit, execute:

                  #!/usr/bin/env bash



                  {

                  UID_MIN=$(awk '/^\s*UID_MIN/{print $2}' /etc/login.defs)

                  awk -F: -v UID_MIN="${UID_MIN}" '( $3 >= UID_MIN && $1 != "nfsnobody" ) { print $1 }' /etc/passwd | xargs -n 1 chage -d 0

                  }

                  NOTE: This could cause significant temporary CPU load on the system if a large number of users reset their passwords at the same time.

                  Impact:

                  If the administrator forces a password change, this could cause a large spike in CPU usage if a large number of users change their password during the same time.



                  Show Rule Result XML
                  <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.4.5_Ensure_all_current_passwords_uses_the_configured_hashing_algorithm"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.944Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/11"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5, SC-28</xccdf:ident>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                  References:

                  • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5, SC-28

                  CIS Controls V7.0:

                  • Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them.
                    Subcontrol: 16.4
                    Label: Encrypt or Hash all Authentication Credentials
                    Description: Encrypt or hash with a salt all authentication credentials when stored.
                    • >

                  CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                  • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                    Safeguard: 3.11
                    Label: Encrypt Sensitive Data at Rest
                    Description: Encrypt sensitive data at rest on servers, applications, and databases containing sensitive data. Storage-layer encryption, also known as server-side encryption, meets the minimum requirement of this Safeguard. Additional encryption methods may include application-layer encryption, also known as client-side encryption, where access to the data storage device(s) does not permit access to the plain-text data.
                    Implementation Group: IG-2
                    Security Function: Protect
                    • >

                  Back to Summary

                  4.5 User Accounts and Environment

                  This section provides guidance on setting up secure defaults for system and user accounts and their environment.

                  4.5.1 Set Shadow Password Suite Parameters

                  While a majority of the password control parameters have been moved to PAM, some parameters are still available through the shadow password suite. Any changes made to /etc/login.defs will only be applied if the usermod command is used. If user IDs are added a different way, use the chage command to effect changes to individual user IDs.

                  Fail

                  4.5.1.1 Ensure minimum days between password changes is configured

                  Description:

                  The PASS_MIN_DAYS parameter in /etc/login.defs allows an administrator to prevent users from changing their password until a minimum number of days have passed since the last time the user changed their password. It is recommended that PASS_MIN_DAYS parameter be set to 1 or more days.

                  By restricting the frequency of password changes, an administrator can prevent users from repeatedly changing their password in an attempt to circumvent password reuse controls.

                  Set the PASS_MIN_DAYS parameter to 1 in /etc/login.defs :

                  PASS_MIN_DAYS 1

                  Modify user parameters for all users with a password set to match:

                  # chage --mindays 1 <user>

                  Show Assessment Evidence
                  Complex Check
                  AND
                  Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/login.defs exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*PASS_MIN_DAYS\h+([1-9][0-9]*)\b
                  Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Fail
                  No matching system items were found.
                  Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/shadow exists and matches pattern ^[^:\n\r]+:([^\!\*xX:\n\r][^:\n\r]*|\h*):[^:]*:(0|\-1):[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*\h*$
                  Existence Check: None Exist
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Fail
                  Textfilecontent Item
                  Name Type Status Value
                  Filepath String Exists /etc/shadow
                  Path String Exists /etc
                  Filename String Exists shadow
                  Pattern String Exists ^[^:\n\r]+:([^\!\*xX:\n\r][^:\n\r]*|\h*):[^:]*:(0|\-1):[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*\h*$
                  Instance Int Exists 1
                  Line String Exists ubuntu:$6$[OBFUSCATED HASHED PWD]
                  Text String Exists ubuntu:$6$[OBFUSCATED HASHED PWD]
                  Subexpression String Exists $6$[OBFUSCATED HASHED PWD]
                  Subexpression String Exists 0
                  Windows View String Not collected No Value


                  Show Rule Result XML
                  <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.1.1_Ensure_minimum_days_between_password_changes_is__configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.944Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995399"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995399">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995399"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/login.defs exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*PASS_MIN_DAYS\h+([1-9][0-9]*)\b</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995400"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995400">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995400"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure no file named /etc/shadow exists and matches pattern ^[^:\n\r]+:([^\!\*xX:\n\r][^:\n\r]*|\h*):[^:]*:(0|\-1):[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*\h*$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filepath</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/shadow</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>shadow</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Pattern</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>^[^:\n\r]+:([^\!\*xX:\n\r][^:\n\r]*|\h*):[^:]*:(0|\-1):[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*\h*$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Instance</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>ubuntu:$6$[OBFUSCATED HASHED PWD]</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Text</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>ubuntu:$6$[OBFUSCATED HASHED PWD]</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Subexpression</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>$6$[OBFUSCATED HASHED PWD]</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Subexpression</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Windows View</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                  References:

                  • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5

                  CIS Controls V7.0:

                  • Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications.
                    Subcontrol: 4.4
                    Label: Use Unique Passwords
                    Description: Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root, or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system.
                    • >

                  CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                  • Control 5: Account Management: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise assets and software.
                    Safeguard: 5.2
                    Label: Use Unique Passwords
                    Description: Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation includes, at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a 14-character password for accounts not using MFA.
                    Implementation Group: IG-1
                    Security Function: Protect
                    • >

                  Back to Summary
                  Fail

                  4.5.1.2 Ensure password expiration is 365 days or less

                  Description:

                  The PASS_MAX_DAYS parameter in /etc/login.defs allows an administrator to force passwords to expire once they reach a defined age.

                  The window of opportunity for an attacker to leverage compromised credentials or successfully compromise credentials via an online brute force attack is limited by the age of the password. Therefore, reducing the maximum age of a password also reduces an attacker's window of opportunity. It is recommended that the PASS_MAX_DAYS parameter does not exceed 365 days and is greater than the value of PASS_MIN_DAYS .

                  Set the PASS_MAX_DAYS parameter to conform to site policy in /etc/login.defs :

                  PASS_MAX_DAYS 365

                  Modify user parameters for all users with a password set to match:

                  # chage --maxdays 365 <user>

                  Show Assessment Evidence
                  Complex Check
                  AND
                  Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/login.defs exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*PASS_MAX_DAYS\h+(36[0-5]|3[0-5][0-9]|[1-2][0-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|[2-9])\b
                  Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Fail
                  No matching system items were found.
                  Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/shadow exists and matches pattern ^[^#:\n\r]+:([^\!\*xX:\n\r][^:\n\r]*|\h*):[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*:(\h*|-1|0|36[6-9]|3[7-9][0-9]|[4-9][0-9]{2}|[1-9][0-9]{3,}):[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*\h*$
                  Existence Check: None Exist
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Fail
                  Textfilecontent Item
                  Name Type Status Value
                  Filepath String Exists /etc/shadow
                  Path String Exists /etc
                  Filename String Exists shadow
                  Pattern String Exists ^[^#:\n\r]+:([^\!\*xX:\n\r][^:\n\r]*|\h*):[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*:(\h*|-1|0|36[6-9]|3[7-9][0-9]|[4-9][0-9]{2}|[1-9][0-9]{3,}):[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*\h*$
                  Instance Int Exists 1
                  Line String Exists ubuntu:$6$[OBFUSCATED HASHED PWD]
                  Text String Exists ubuntu:$6$[OBFUSCATED HASHED PWD]
                  Subexpression String Exists $6$[OBFUSCATED HASHED PWD]
                  Subexpression String Exists 99999
                  Windows View String Not collected No Value


                  Show Rule Result XML
                  <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.1.2_Ensure_password_expiration_is_365_days_or_less"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.944Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">https://www.cisecurity.org/white-papers/cis-password-policy-guide/</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995401"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995401">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995401"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/login.defs exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*PASS_MAX_DAYS\h+(36[0-5]|3[0-5][0-9]|[1-2][0-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|[2-9])\b</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995402"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995402">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995402"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure no file named /etc/shadow exists and matches pattern ^[^#:\n\r]+:([^\!\*xX:\n\r][^:\n\r]*|\h*):[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*:(\h*|-1|0|36[6-9]|3[7-9][0-9]|[4-9][0-9]{2}|[1-9][0-9]{3,}):[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*\h*$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filepath</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/shadow</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>shadow</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Pattern</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>^[^#:\n\r]+:([^\!\*xX:\n\r][^:\n\r]*|\h*):[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*:(\h*|-1|0|36[6-9]|3[7-9][0-9]|[4-9][0-9]{2}|[1-9][0-9]{3,}):[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*\h*$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Instance</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>ubuntu:$6$[OBFUSCATED HASHED PWD]</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Text</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>ubuntu:$6$[OBFUSCATED HASHED PWD]</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Subexpression</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>$6$[OBFUSCATED HASHED PWD]</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Subexpression</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>99999</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Windows View</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                  References:

                  • URL: https://www.cisecurity.org/white-papers/cis-password-policy-guide/
                  • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5

                  CIS Controls V7.0:

                  • Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications.
                    Subcontrol: 4.4
                    Label: Use Unique Passwords
                    Description: Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root, or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system.
                    • >

                  CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                  • Control 5: Account Management: -- More
                    CIS Control Information
                    Control: Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise assets and software.
                    Safeguard: 5.2
                    Label: Use Unique Passwords
                    Description: Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation includes, at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a 14-character password for accounts not using MFA.
                    Implementation Group: IG-1
                    Security Function: Protect
                    • >

                  Back to Summary
                  Pass

                  4.5.1.3 Ensure password expiration warning days is 7 or more

                  Description:

                  The PASS_WARN_AGE parameter in /etc/login.defs allows an administrator to notify users that their password will expire in a defined number of days. It is recommended that the PASS_WARN_AGE parameter be set to 7 or more days.

                  Providing an advance warning that a password will be expiring gives users time to think of a secure password. Users caught unaware may choose a simple password or write it down where it may be discovered.

                  Set the PASS_WARN_AGE parameter to 7 in /etc/login.defs :

                  PASS_WARN_AGE 7

                  Modify user parameters for all users with a password set to match:

                  # chage --warndays 7 <user>

                  Show Assessment Evidence
                  Complex Check
                  AND
                  Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/login.defs exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*PASS_WARN_AGE\h+([7-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)\b
                  Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Pass
                  Textfilecontent Item
                  Name Type Status Value
                  Filepath String Exists /etc/login.defs
                  Path String Exists /etc
                  Filename String Exists login.defs
                  Pattern String Exists (?i)^\h*PASS_WARN_AGE\h+([7-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)\b
                  Instance Int Exists 1
                  Line String Exists PASS_WARN_AGE 7
                  Text String Exists PASS_WARN_AGE 7
                  Subexpression String Exists 7
                  Windows View String Not collected No Value
                  Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/shadow exists and matches pattern ^[^#:\n\r]+:([^\!\*xX:\n\r][^:\n\r]*|\h*):[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*:([0-6]|-1):[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*\h*$
                  Existence Check: None Exist
                  Item Check: All
                  Result: Pass
                  No matching system items were found.


                  Show Rule Result XML
                  <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.1.3_Ensure_password_expiration_warning_days_is_7_or_more"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.944Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995403"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995403">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995403"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/login.defs exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*PASS_WARN_AGE\h+([7-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)\b</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filepath</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/login.defs</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>login.defs</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Pattern</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>(?i)^\h*PASS_WARN_AGE\h+([7-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)\b</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Instance</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>PASS_WARN_AGE	7</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Text</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>PASS_WARN_AGE	7</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Subexpression</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>7</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Windows View</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995404"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995404">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995404"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure no file named /etc/shadow exists and matches pattern ^[^#:\n\r]+:([^\!\*xX:\n\r][^:\n\r]*|\h*):[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*:([0-6]|-1):[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*\h*$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                  References:

                    CIS Controls V7.0:

                    • Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
                      CIS Control Information
                      Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications.
                      Subcontrol: 4.4
                      Label: Use Unique Passwords
                      Description: Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root, or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system.
                      • >

                    CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                    • Control 5: Account Management: -- More
                      CIS Control Information
                      Control: Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise assets and software.
                      Safeguard: 5.2
                      Label: Use Unique Passwords
                      Description: Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation includes, at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a 14-character password for accounts not using MFA.
                      Implementation Group: IG-1
                      Security Function: Protect
                      • >

                    Back to Summary
                    Fail

                    4.5.1.4 Ensure inactive password lock is 30 days or less

                    Description:

                    User accounts that have been inactive for over a given period of time can be automatically disabled. It is recommended that accounts that are inactive for 30 days after password expiration be disabled.

                    Inactive accounts pose a threat to system security since the users are not logging in to notice failed login attempts or other anomalies.

                    Run the following command to set the default password inactivity period to 30 days:

                    # useradd -D -f 30

                    Modify user parameters for all users with a password set to match:

                    # chage --inactive 30 <user>

                    Show Assessment Evidence
                    Complex Check
                    AND
                    Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/default/useradd exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*INACTIVE\h*=\h*(30|[1-2][0-9]|[0-9])\b
                    Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                    Item Check: All
                    Result: Fail
                    No matching system items were found.
                    Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/shadow exists and matches pattern ^[^#:\n\r]+:([^\!\*xX:\n\r][^:\n\r]*|\h*):[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*:(\s*|-1|3[1-9]|[4-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9]{2,}):[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*\h*$
                    Existence Check: None Exist
                    Item Check: All
                    Result: Fail
                    Textfilecontent Item
                    Name Type Status Value
                    Filepath String Exists /etc/shadow
                    Path String Exists /etc
                    Filename String Exists shadow
                    Pattern String Exists ^[^#:\n\r]+:([^\!\*xX:\n\r][^:\n\r]*|\h*):[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*:(\s*|-1|3[1-9]|[4-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9]{2,}):[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*\h*$
                    Instance Int Exists 1
                    Line String Exists ubuntu:$6$[OBFUSCATED HASHED PWD]
                    Text String Exists ubuntu:$6$[OBFUSCATED HASHED PWD]
                    Subexpression String Exists $6$[OBFUSCATED HASHED PWD]
                    Subexpression String Exists No Value
                    Windows View String Not collected No Value


                    Show Rule Result XML
                    <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.1.4_Ensure_inactive_password_lock_is_30_days_or_less"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.944Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995405"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995405">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995405"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/default/useradd exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*INACTIVE\h*=\h*(30|[1-2][0-9]|[0-9])\b</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995406"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995406">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995406"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure no file named /etc/shadow exists and matches pattern ^[^#:\n\r]+:([^\!\*xX:\n\r][^:\n\r]*|\h*):[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*:(\s*|-1|3[1-9]|[4-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9]{2,}):[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*\h*$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filepath</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/shadow</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>shadow</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Pattern</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>^[^#:\n\r]+:([^\!\*xX:\n\r][^:\n\r]*|\h*):[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*:(\s*|-1|3[1-9]|[4-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9]{2,}):[^:\n\r]*:[^:\n\r]*\h*$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Instance</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>ubuntu:$6$[OBFUSCATED HASHED PWD]</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Text</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>ubuntu:$6$[OBFUSCATED HASHED PWD]</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Subexpression</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>$6$[OBFUSCATED HASHED PWD]</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Subexpression</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Windows View</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                    References:

                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                      • Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications.
                        Subcontrol: 4.4
                        Label: Use Unique Passwords
                        Description: Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root, or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system.
                        • >

                      CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                      • Control 5: Account Management: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise assets and software.
                        Safeguard: 5.2
                        Label: Use Unique Passwords
                        Description: Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation includes, at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a 14-character password for accounts not using MFA.
                        Implementation Group: IG-1
                        Security Function: Protect
                        • >

                      Back to Summary
                      Pass

                      4.5.1.5 Ensure all users last password change date is in the past

                      Description:

                      All users should have a password change date in the past.

                      If a users recorded password change date is in the future then they could bypass any set password expiration.

                      Investigate any users with a password change date in the future and correct them. Locking the account, expiring the password, or resetting the password manually may be appropriate.

                      Show Assessment Evidence
                      Complex Check
                      AND
                      Script: sce/nix_password_change_past.sh
                      Result: Pass
                      Exit Value: 101
                      Output:
                      • - Audit Result:
                      • ** PASS **
                      • - All user password changes are in the past
                      No error lines were collected.


                      Show Rule Result XML
                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.1.5_Ensure_all_users_last_password_change_date_is_in_the_past"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.944Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_password_change_past.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_password_change_past.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_password_change_past.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** PASS **</l>
                  <l> - All user password changes are in the past </l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_password_change_past.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** PASS **</li>
                              <li> - All user password changes are in the past </li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                      References:

                      • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5

                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                      • Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications.
                        Subcontrol: 4.4
                        Label: Use Unique Passwords
                        Description: Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root, or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system.
                        • >

                      CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                      • Control 5: Account Management: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise assets and software.
                        Safeguard: 5.2
                        Label: Use Unique Passwords
                        Description: Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation includes, at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a 14-character password for accounts not using MFA.
                        Implementation Group: IG-1
                        Security Function: Protect
                        • >

                      Back to Summary
                      Fail

                      4.5.1.6 Ensure the number of changed characters in a new password is configured

                      Description:

                      The pwqualitydifok option sets the number of characters in a password that must not be present in the old password.

                      Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks.

                      Password complexity is one factor of several that determines how long it takes to crack a password. The more complex the password, the greater the number of possible combinations that need to be tested before the password is compromised.

                      Edit or add the following line in /etc/security/pwquality.conf to a value of 2 or more:

                      difok = 2

                      Show Assessment Evidence
                      Complex Check
                      AND
                      Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/security/pwquality.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*difok\h*=\h*([2-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)\b
                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Fail
                      No matching system items were found.


                      Show Rule Result XML
                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.1.6_Ensure_the_number_of_changed_characters_in_a_new_password_is_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.945Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995408"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995408">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995408"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/security/pwquality.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*difok\h*=\h*([2-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)\b</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                      References:

                      • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5

                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                      • Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications.
                        Subcontrol: 4.4
                        Label: Use Unique Passwords
                        Description: Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root, or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system.
                        • >

                      CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                      • Control 5: Account Management: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise assets and software.
                        Safeguard: 5.2
                        Label: Use Unique Passwords
                        Description: Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation includes, at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a 14-character password for accounts not using MFA.
                        Implementation Group: IG-1
                        Security Function: Protect
                        • >

                      Back to Summary
                      Fail

                      4.5.1.7 Ensure preventing the use of dictionary words for passwords is configured

                      Description:

                      The pwqualitydictcheck option sets whether to check for the words from the cracklib dictionary.

                      If the operating system allows the user to select passwords based on dictionary words, this increases the chances of password compromise by increasing the opportunity for successful guesses, and brute-force attacks.

                      Edit or add the following line in /etc/security/pwquality.conf to a value of 1 :

                      dictcheck = 1

                      Show Assessment Evidence
                      Complex Check
                      AND
                      Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/security/pwquality.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*dictcheck\h*=\h*[^0]
                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Fail
                      No matching system items were found.


                      Show Rule Result XML
                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.1.7_Ensure_preventing_the_use_of_dictionary_words_for_passwords_is_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.945Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995409"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995409">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995409"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/security/pwquality.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*dictcheck\h*=\h*[^0]</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                      References:

                      • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5

                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                      • Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications.
                        Subcontrol: 4.4
                        Label: Use Unique Passwords
                        Description: Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root, or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system.
                        • >

                      CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                      • Control 5: Account Management: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise assets and software.
                        Safeguard: 5.2
                        Label: Use Unique Passwords
                        Description: Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation includes, at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a 14-character password for accounts not using MFA.
                        Implementation Group: IG-1
                        Security Function: Protect
                        • >

                      Back to Summary
                      Fail

                      4.5.2 Ensure system accounts are secured

                      Description:

                      There are a number of accounts provided with most distributions that are used to manage applications and are not intended to provide an interactive shell.

                      It is important to make sure that accounts that are not being used by regular users are prevented from being used to provide an interactive shell. By default, most distributions set the password field for these accounts to an invalid string, but it is also recommended that the shell field in the password file be set to the nologin shell. This prevents the account from potentially being used to run any commands.

                      Set the shell for any accounts returned by the audit to nologin:

                      # usermod -s $(which nologin) <user>

                      Lock any non root accounts returned by the audit:

                      # usermod -L <user>

                      The following script will:

                      • Set the shell for any accounts returned by the audit to nologin
                      • Lock any non root system accounts returned by the audit:
                      #!/usr/bin/env bash



                      {

                      l_output="" l_output2=""

                      l_valid_shells="^($( awk -F\/ '$NF != "nologin" {print}' /etc/shells | sed -rn '/^\//{s,/,\\\\/,g;p}' | paste -s -d '|' - ))$"

                      a_users=(); a_ulock=() # initialize arrays

                      while read -r l_user; do # change system accounts that have a valid login shell to nolog shell

                      echo -e " - System account \"$l_user\" has a valid logon shell, changing shell to \"$(which nologin)\""

                      usermod -s "$(which nologin)" "$l_user"

                      done < <(awk -v pat="$l_valid_shells" -F: '($1!~/(root|sync|shutdown|halt|^\+)/ && $3<'"$(awk '/^\s*UID_MIN/{print $2}' /etc/login.defs)"' && $(NF) ~ pat) { print $1 }' /etc/passwd)

                      while read -r l_ulock; do # Lock system accounts that aren't locked

                      echo -e " - System account \"$l_ulock\" is not locked, locking account"

                      usermod -L "$l_ulock"

                      done < <(awk -v pat="$l_valid_shells" -F: '($1!~/(root|^\+)/ && $2!~/LK?/ && $3<'"$(awk '/^\s*UID_MIN/{print $2}' /etc/login.defs)"' && $(NF) ~ pat) { print $1 }' /etc/passwd)

                      }

                      Show Assessment Evidence
                      Complex Check
                      AND
                      Script: sce/nix_system_accounts_secured_chk.sh
                      Result: Fail
                      Exit Value: 102
                      Output:
                      • - Audit Result:
                      • ** FAIL **
                      • - * Reasons for audit failure * :
                      • - There are "1" system accounts with login enabled
                      • - List of accounts:
                      • kc-internal
                      • - end of list
                      • - There are "1" system accounts that are not locked
                      • - List of accounts:
                      • kc-internal
                      • - end of list
                      No error lines were collected.


                      Show Rule Result XML
                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.2_Ensure_system_accounts_are_secured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.946Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-2. AC-3, AC-5, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_system_accounts_secured_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_system_accounts_secured_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_system_accounts_secured_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>  - There are "1" system accounts with login enabled</l>
                  <l>   - List of accounts:</l>
                  <l>kc-internal</l>
                  <l>   - end of list</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>  - There are "1" system accounts that are not locked</l>
                  <l>   - List of accounts:</l>
                  <l>kc-internal</l>
                  <l>   - end of list</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_system_accounts_secured_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>  - There are "1" system accounts with login enabled</li>
                              <li>   - List of accounts:</li>
                              <li>kc-internal</li>
                              <li>   - end of list</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>  - There are "1" system accounts that are not locked</li>
                              <li>   - List of accounts:</li>
                              <li>kc-internal</li>
                              <li>   - end of list</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                      References:

                      • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-2. AC-3, AC-5, MP-2

                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                      • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                        Subcontrol: 14.6
                        Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                        Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                        • >

                      CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                      • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                        Safeguard: 3.3
                        Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                        Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                        Implementation Group: IG-1
                        Security Function: Protect
                        • >

                      Back to Summary
                      Pass

                      4.5.3 Ensure default group for the root account is GID 0

                      Description:

                      The usermod command can be used to specify which group the root user belongs to. This affects permissions of files that are created by the root user.

                      Using GID 0 for the root account helps prevent root -owned files from accidentally becoming accessible to non-privileged users.

                      Run the following command to set the root user default group to GID 0 :

                      # usermod -g 0 root

                      Show Assessment Evidence
                      Complex Check
                      AND
                      Criterion: Linux Custom Object "Default Group Set For root User"
                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Pass
                      Password Item
                      Name Type Status Value
                      Username String Exists root
                      Password String Exists x
                      User Id Int Exists 0
                      Group Id Int Exists 0
                      Gcos String Exists root
                      Home Dir String Exists /root
                      Login Shell String Exists /bin/bash
                      Last Login Int Does not exist No Value


                      Show Rule Result XML
                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.3_Ensure_default_group_for_the_root_account_is_GID_0"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.946Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995411"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995411">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995411"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Linux Custom Object "Default Group Set For root User"</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Password Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Username</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>root</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Password</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>x</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>User Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Group Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Gcos</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>root</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Home Dir</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/root</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Login Shell</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/bin/bash</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Last Login</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Does not exist</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                      References:

                      • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5

                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                      • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                        Subcontrol: 14.6
                        Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                        Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                        • >

                      CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                      • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                        Safeguard: 3.3
                        Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                        Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                        Implementation Group: IG-1
                        Security Function: Protect
                        • >

                      Back to Summary
                      Fail

                      4.5.4 Ensure default user umask is 027 or more restrictive

                      Description:

                      The user file-creation mode mask ( umask ) is use to determine the file permission for newly created directories and files. In Linux, the default permissions for any newly created directory is 0777 (rwxrwxrwx), and for any newly created file it is 0666 (rw-rw-rw-). The umask modifies the default Linux permissions by restricting (masking) these permissions. The umask is not simply subtracted, but is processed bitwise. Bits set in the umask are cleared in the resulting file mode.

                      umask can be set with either octal or Symbolic values

                      • Octal (Numeric) Value - Represented by either three or four digits. ie umask 0027 or umask 027 . If a four digit umask is used, the first digit is ignored. The remaining three digits effect the resulting permissions for user, group, and world/other respectively.
                      • Symbolic Value - Represented by a comma separated list for User u , group g , and world/other o . The permissions listed are not masked by umask . ie a umask set by umask u=rwx,g=rx,o= is the Symbolic equivalent of the Octalumask 027 . This umask would set a newly created directory with file mode drwxr-x--- and a newly created file with file mode rw-r----- .

                      Setting the default umask :

                      • pam_umask module:
                        • will set the umask according to the system default in /etc/login.defs and user settings, solving the problem of different umask settings with different shells, display managers, remote sessions etc.
                        • umask=<mask> value in the /etc/login.defs file is interpreted as Octal
                        • Setting USERGROUPS_ENAB to yes in /etc/login.defs (default):
                          • will enable setting of the umask group bits to be the same as owner bits. (examples: 022 -> 002, 077 -> 007) for non-root users, if the uid is the same as gid, and username is the same as the primary group name
                          • userdel will remove the user's group if it contains no more members, and useradd will create by default a group with the name of the user
                      • System Wide Shell Configuration File :
                        • /etc/profile - used to set system wide environmental variables on users shells. The variables are sometimes the same ones that are in the .profile , however this file is used to set an initial PATH or PS1 for all shell users of the system. is only executed for interactive login shells, or shells executed with the --login parameter
                        • /etc/profile.d - /etc/profile will execute the scripts within /etc/profile.d/*.sh . It is recommended to place your configuration in a shell script within /etc/profile.d to set your own system wide environmental variables.
                        • /etc/bash.bashrc - System wide version of .bashrc . etc/bashrc also invokes /etc/profile.d/*.sh if non-login shell, but redirects output to /dev/null if non-interactive. Is only executed for interactive shells or if BASH_ENV is set to /etc/bash.bashrc

                      User Shell Configuration Files:

                      • ~/.profile - Is executed to configure your shell before the initial command prompt. Is only read by login shells.
                      • ~/.bashrc - Is executed for interactive shells. only read by a shell that's both interactive and non-login

                      Setting a very secure default value for umask ensures that users make a conscious choice about their file permissions. A default umask setting of 077 causes files and directories created by users to not be readable by any other user on the system. A umask of 027 would make files and directories readable by users in the same Unix group, while a umask of 022 would make files readable by every user on the system.

                      Run the following command and remove or modify the umask of any returned files:

                      # grep -RPi '(^|^[^#]*)\s*umask\s+([0-7][0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|[0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|(u=[rwx]{0,3},)?(g=[rwx]{0,3},)?o=[rwx]+\b|(u=[rwx]{1,3},)?g=[^rx]{1,3}(,o=[rwx]{0,3})?\b)' /etc/login.defs /etc/profile* /etc/bash.bashrc*

                      Follow one of the following methods to set the default user umask:

                      Edit /etc/login.defs and edit the UMASK and USERGROUPS_ENAB lines as follows:

                      UMASK 027



                      USERGROUPS_ENAB no

                      Edit /etc/pam.d/common-session and add or edit the following:

                      session optional pam_umask.so

                      OR

                      Configure umask in one of the following files:

                      • A file in the /etc/profile.d/ directory ending in .sh
                      • /etc/profile
                      • /etc/bash.bashrc

                      Example: /etc/profile.d/set_umask.sh

                      umask 027

                      Note: this method only applies to bash and shell. If other shells are supported on the system, it is recommended that their configuration files also are checked.

                      Impact:

                      Setting USERGROUPS_ENAB no in /etc/login.defs may change the expected behavior of useradd and userdel .

                      Setting USERGROUPS_ENAB yes in /etc/login.defs

                      • userdel will remove the user's group if it contains no more members
                      • useradd will create by default a group with the name of the user.

                      Show Assessment Evidence
                      Complex Check
                      AND
                      Complex Check
                      OR
                      Complex Check
                      OR
                      Complex Check
                      OR
                      Complex Check
                      OR
                      Complex Check
                      AND
                      Complex Check
                      AND
                      Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/login.defs exists and matches pattern (?i)^\s*UMASK\s+(0[0-7][2-7]7|[0-7][2-7]7)\b
                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Fail
                      No matching system items were found.
                      Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/common-session exists and matches pattern ^\s*session\s+(?:optional|requisite|required)\s+pam_umask\.so\b
                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Pass
                      Textfilecontent Item
                      Name Type Status Value
                      Filepath String Exists /etc/pam.d/common-session
                      Path String Exists /etc/pam.d
                      Filename String Exists common-session
                      Pattern String Exists ^\s*session\s+(?:optional|requisite|required)\s+pam_umask\.so\b
                      Instance Int Exists 1
                      Line String Exists session optional pam_umask.so
                      Text String Exists session optional pam_umask.so
                      Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                      Windows View String Not collected No Value
                      Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/login.defs exists and matches pattern ^\s*(?i)USERGROUPS_ENAB\s*"?no"?\b
                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Fail
                      No matching system items were found.
                      Criterion: Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+\.sh$ in /etc/profile.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\s*UMASK\s+\s*(0[0-7][2-7]7|[0-7][2-7]7|u=(r?|w?|x?)(r?|w?|x?)(r?|w?|x?),g=(r?x?|x?r?),o=)\b
                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Fail
                      No matching system items were found.
                      Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/profile exists and matches pattern (?i)^\s*UMASK\s+\s*(0[0-7][2-7]7|[0-7][2-7]7|u=(r?|w?|x?)(r?|w?|x?)(r?|w?|x?),g=(r?x?|x?r?),o=)\b
                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Fail
                      No matching system items were found.
                      Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/bash.bashrc exists and matches pattern (?i)^\s*UMASK\s+\s*(0[0-7][2-7]7|[0-7][2-7]7|u=(r?|w?|x?)(r?|w?|x?)(r?|w?|x?),g=(r?x?|x?r?),o=)\b
                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Fail
                      No matching system items were found.
                      Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/profile.local exists and matches pattern (?i)^\s*UMASK\s+\s*(0[0-7][2-7]7|[0-7][2-7]7|u=(r?|w?|x?)(r?|w?|x?)(r?|w?|x?),g=(r?x?|x?r?),o=)\b
                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Fail
                      No matching system items were found.
                      Complex Check
                      AND
                      Complex Check
                      AND
                      Complex Check
                      AND
                      Complex Check
                      AND
                      Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/login.defs exists and matches pattern (?i)(^\s*|^\s*[^#]+\s+)umask\s+([0-7][0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|[0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|(u=[rwx]{0,3},)?(g=[rwx]{0,3},)?o=[rwx]+\b|(u=[rwx]{1,3},)?g=[^rx]{1,3}(,o=[rwx
                      Existence Check: None Exist
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Fail
                      Textfilecontent Item
                      Name Type Status Value
                      Filepath String Exists /etc/login.defs
                      Path String Exists /etc
                      Filename String Exists login.defs
                      Pattern String Exists (?i)(^\s*|^\s*[^#]+\s+)umask\s+([0-7][0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|[0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|(u=[rwx]{0,3},)?(g=[rwx]{0,3},)?o=[rwx]+\b|(u=[rwx]{1,3},)?g=[^rx]{1,3}(,o=[rwx]{0,3})?\b)
                      Instance Int Exists 1
                      Line String Exists ERASECHAR 0177 KILLCHAR 025 UMASK 022
                      Text String Exists ERASECHAR 0177 KILLCHAR 025 UMASK 022
                      Subexpression String Exists ERASECHAR 0177 KILLCHAR 025
                      Subexpression String Exists 022
                      Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                      Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                      Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                      Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                      Windows View String Not collected No Value
                      Criterion: Ensurefile(s) named ^.+\.sh$ in /etc/profile.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)(^\s*|^\s*[^#]+\s+)umask\s+([0-7][0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|[0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|(u=[rwx]{0,3},)?(g=[rwx]{0,3},)?o=[rwx]+\b|(u=[rwx]{1,3},)?g=[^rx]{1
                      Existence Check: None Exist
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Pass
                      No matching system items were found.
                      Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/profile.local exists and matches pattern (?i)(^\s*|^\s*[^#]+\s+)umask\s+([0-7][0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|[0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|(u=[rwx]{0,3},)?(g=[rwx]{0,3},)?o=[rwx]+\b|(u=[rwx]{1,3},)?g=[^rx]{1,3}(,o=[
                      Existence Check: None Exist
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Pass
                      No matching system items were found.
                      Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/profile exists and matches pattern (?i)(^\s*|^\s*[^#]+\s+)umask\s+([0-7][0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|[0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|(u=[rwx]{0,3},)?(g=[rwx]{0,3},)?o=[rwx]+\b|(u=[rwx]{1,3},)?g=[^rx]{1,3}(,o=[rwx]{0
                      Existence Check: None Exist
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Pass
                      No matching system items were found.
                      Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/bash.bash.rc exists and matches pattern (?i)(^\s*|^\s*[^#]+\s+)umask\s+([0-7][0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|[0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|(u=[rwx]{0,3},)?(g=[rwx]{0,3},)?o=[rwx]+\b|(u=[rwx]{1,3},)?g=[^rx]{1,3}(,o=[r
                      Existence Check: None Exist
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Pass
                      No matching system items were found.


                      Show Rule Result XML
                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.4_Ensure_default_user_umask_is_027_or_more_restrictive"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.948Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">pam_umask(8)</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
            <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
               <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
                  <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
                     <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
                        <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                                     negate="false"
                                     multi-check="false">
                           <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                                    name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995412"/>
                           <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                              <div class="definition"
                                   id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995412">
                                 <div class="criteria">
                                    <div class="criterion"
                                         id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995412"
                                         check="all"
                                         check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                                       <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                          <tbody class="tbe">
                                             <tr>
                                                <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                                <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/login.defs exists and matches pattern (?i)^\s*UMASK\s+(0[0-7][2-7]7|[0-7][2-7]7)\b</td>
                                             </tr>
                                             <tr>
                                                <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                                <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                             </tr>
                                             <tr>
                                                <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                                <td>All</td>
                                             </tr>
                                             <tr>
                                                <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                                <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                             </tr>
                                          </tbody>
                                       </table>
                                       <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                          <tr>
                                             <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                          </tr>
                                       </table>
                                    </div>
                                 </div>
                              </div>
                           </evidence>
                        </xccdf:check>
                        <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                                     negate="false"
                                     multi-check="false">
                           <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                                    name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995413"/>
                           <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                              <div class="definition"
                                   id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995413">
                                 <div class="criteria">
                                    <div class="criterion"
                                         id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995413"
                                         check="all"
                                         check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                                       <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                          <tbody class="tbe">
                                             <tr>
                                                <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                                <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/pam.d/common-session exists and matches pattern ^\s*session\s+(?:optional|requisite|required)\s+pam_umask\.so\b</td>
                                             </tr>
                                             <tr>
                                                <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                                <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                             </tr>
                                             <tr>
                                                <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                                <td>All</td>
                                             </tr>
                                             <tr>
                                                <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                                <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                             </tr>
                                          </tbody>
                                       </table>
                                       <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                          <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                                          <thead>
                                             <tr>
                                                <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                                <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                                <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                                <th scope="col">Value</th>
                                             </tr>
                                          </thead>
                                          <tbody class="tbe">
                                             <tr>
                                                <td>Filepath</td>
                                                <td>String</td>
                                                <td>Exists</td>
                                                <td>/etc/pam.d/common-session</td>
                                             </tr>
                                             <tr>
                                                <td>Path</td>
                                                <td>String</td>
                                                <td>Exists</td>
                                                <td>/etc/pam.d</td>
                                             </tr>
                                             <tr>
                                                <td>Filename</td>
                                                <td>String</td>
                                                <td>Exists</td>
                                                <td>common-session</td>
                                             </tr>
                                             <tr>
                                                <td>Pattern</td>
                                                <td>String</td>
                                                <td>Exists</td>
                                                <td>^\s*session\s+(?:optional|requisite|required)\s+pam_umask\.so\b</td>
                                             </tr>
                                             <tr>
                                                <td>Instance</td>
                                                <td>Int</td>
                                                <td>Exists</td>
                                                <td>1</td>
                                             </tr>
                                             <tr>
                                                <td>Line</td>
                                                <td>String</td>
                                                <td>Exists</td>
                                                <td>session optional			pam_umask.so</td>
                                             </tr>
                                             <tr>
                                                <td>Text</td>
                                                <td>String</td>
                                                <td>Exists</td>
                                                <td>session optional			pam_umask.so</td>
                                             </tr>
                                             <tr>
                                                <td>Subexpression</td>
                                                <td>String</td>
                                                <td>Does not exist</td>
                                                <td>No Value</td>
                                             </tr>
                                             <tr>
                                                <td>Windows View</td>
                                                <td>String</td>
                                                <td>Not collected</td>
                                                <td>No Value</td>
                                             </tr>
                                          </tbody>
                                       </table>
                                    </div>
                                 </div>
                              </div>
                           </evidence>
                        </xccdf:check>
                     </xccdf:complex-check>
                     <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                                  negate="false"
                                  multi-check="false">
                        <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                                 name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995423"/>
                        <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                           <div class="definition"
                                id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995423">
                              <div class="criteria">
                                 <div class="criterion"
                                      id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995423"
                                      check="all"
                                      check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                                    <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                       <tbody class="tbe">
                                          <tr>
                                             <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                             <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/login.defs exists and matches pattern ^\s*(?i)USERGROUPS_ENAB\s*"?no"?\b</td>
                                          </tr>
                                          <tr>
                                             <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                             <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                          </tr>
                                          <tr>
                                             <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                             <td>All</td>
                                          </tr>
                                          <tr>
                                             <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                             <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                          </tr>
                                       </tbody>
                                    </table>
                                    <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                       <tr>
                                          <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                       </tr>
                                    </table>
                                 </div>
                              </div>
                           </div>
                        </evidence>
                     </xccdf:check>
                  </xccdf:complex-check>
                  <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                               negate="false"
                               multi-check="false">
                     <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                              name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995414"/>
                     <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                        <div class="definition"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995414">
                           <div class="criteria">
                              <div class="criterion"
                                   id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995414"
                                   check="all"
                                   check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                                 <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                    <tbody class="tbe">
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                          <td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+\.sh$ in /etc/profile.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\s*UMASK\s+\s*(0[0-7][2-7]7|[0-7][2-7]7|u=(r?|w?|x?)(r?|w?|x?)(r?|w?|x?),g=(r?x?|x?r?),o=)\b</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                          <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                          <td>All</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                          <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                       </tr>
                                    </tbody>
                                 </table>
                                 <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </table>
                              </div>
                           </div>
                        </div>
                     </evidence>
                  </xccdf:check>
               </xccdf:complex-check>
               <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                            negate="false"
                            multi-check="false">
                  <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                           name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995415"/>
                  <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                     <div class="definition"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995415">
                        <div class="criteria">
                           <div class="criterion"
                                id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995415"
                                check="all"
                                check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                              <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                       <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/profile exists and matches pattern (?i)^\s*UMASK\s+\s*(0[0-7][2-7]7|[0-7][2-7]7|u=(r?|w?|x?)(r?|w?|x?)(r?|w?|x?),g=(r?x?|x?r?),o=)\b</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                       <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                       <td>All</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                       <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                              <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </table>
                           </div>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </evidence>
               </xccdf:check>
            </xccdf:complex-check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995416"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995416">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995416"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/bash.bashrc exists and matches pattern (?i)^\s*UMASK\s+\s*(0[0-7][2-7]7|[0-7][2-7]7|u=(r?|w?|x?)(r?|w?|x?)(r?|w?|x?),g=(r?x?|x?r?),o=)\b</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995417"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995417">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995417"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/profile.local exists and matches pattern (?i)^\s*UMASK\s+\s*(0[0-7][2-7]7|[0-7][2-7]7|u=(r?|w?|x?)(r?|w?|x?)(r?|w?|x?),g=(r?x?|x?r?),o=)\b</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
               <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
                  <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                               negate="false"
                               multi-check="false">
                     <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                              name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995418"/>
                     <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                        <div class="definition"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995418">
                           <div class="criteria">
                              <div class="criterion"
                                   id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995418"
                                   check="all"
                                   check_existence="none_exist">
                                 <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                    <tbody class="tbe">
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                          <td>Ensure no file named /etc/login.defs exists and matches pattern (?i)(^\s*|^\s*[^#]+\s+)umask\s+([0-7][0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|[0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|(u=[rwx]{0,3},)?(g=[rwx]{0,3},)?o=[rwx]+\b|(u=[rwx]{1,3},)?g=[^rx]{1,3}(,o=[rwx</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                          <td>None Exist</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                          <td>All</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                          <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                       </tr>
                                    </tbody>
                                 </table>
                                 <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                    <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                                    <thead>
                                       <tr>
                                          <th scope="col">Name</th>
                                          <th scope="col">Type</th>
                                          <th scope="col">Status</th>
                                          <th scope="col">Value</th>
                                       </tr>
                                    </thead>
                                    <tbody class="tbe">
                                       <tr>
                                          <td>Filepath</td>
                                          <td>String</td>
                                          <td>Exists</td>
                                          <td>/etc/login.defs</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td>Path</td>
                                          <td>String</td>
                                          <td>Exists</td>
                                          <td>/etc</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td>Filename</td>
                                          <td>String</td>
                                          <td>Exists</td>
                                          <td>login.defs</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td>Pattern</td>
                                          <td>String</td>
                                          <td>Exists</td>
                                          <td>(?i)(^\s*|^\s*[^#]+\s+)umask\s+([0-7][0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|[0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|(u=[rwx]{0,3},)?(g=[rwx]{0,3},)?o=[rwx]+\b|(u=[rwx]{1,3},)?g=[^rx]{1,3}(,o=[rwx]{0,3})?\b)</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td>Instance</td>
                                          <td>Int</td>
                                          <td>Exists</td>
                                          <td>1</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td>Line</td>
                                          <td>String</td>
                                          <td>Exists</td>
                                          <td>ERASECHAR	0177
KILLCHAR	025
UMASK		022</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td>Text</td>
                                          <td>String</td>
                                          <td>Exists</td>
                                          <td>ERASECHAR	0177
KILLCHAR	025
UMASK		022</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td>Subexpression</td>
                                          <td>String</td>
                                          <td>Exists</td>
                                          <td>ERASECHAR	0177
KILLCHAR	025
</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td>Subexpression</td>
                                          <td>String</td>
                                          <td>Exists</td>
                                          <td>022</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td>Subexpression</td>
                                          <td>String</td>
                                          <td>Does not exist</td>
                                          <td>No Value</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td>Subexpression</td>
                                          <td>String</td>
                                          <td>Does not exist</td>
                                          <td>No Value</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td>Subexpression</td>
                                          <td>String</td>
                                          <td>Does not exist</td>
                                          <td>No Value</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td>Subexpression</td>
                                          <td>String</td>
                                          <td>Does not exist</td>
                                          <td>No Value</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td>Windows View</td>
                                          <td>String</td>
                                          <td>Not collected</td>
                                          <td>No Value</td>
                                       </tr>
                                    </tbody>
                                 </table>
                              </div>
                           </div>
                        </div>
                     </evidence>
                  </xccdf:check>
                  <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                               negate="false"
                               multi-check="false">
                     <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                              name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995419"/>
                     <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                        <div class="definition"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995419">
                           <div class="criteria">
                              <div class="criterion"
                                   id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995419"
                                   check="all"
                                   check_existence="none_exist">
                                 <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                    <tbody class="tbe">
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                          <td>Ensurefile(s) named ^.+\.sh$ in /etc/profile.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)(^\s*|^\s*[^#]+\s+)umask\s+([0-7][0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|[0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|(u=[rwx]{0,3},)?(g=[rwx]{0,3},)?o=[rwx]+\b|(u=[rwx]{1,3},)?g=[^rx]{1</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                          <td>None Exist</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                          <td>All</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                          <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                       </tr>
                                    </tbody>
                                 </table>
                                 <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </table>
                              </div>
                           </div>
                        </div>
                     </evidence>
                  </xccdf:check>
               </xccdf:complex-check>
               <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                            negate="false"
                            multi-check="false">
                  <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                           name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995420"/>
                  <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                     <div class="definition"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995420">
                        <div class="criteria">
                           <div class="criterion"
                                id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995420"
                                check="all"
                                check_existence="none_exist">
                              <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                       <td>Ensure no file named /etc/profile.local exists and matches pattern (?i)(^\s*|^\s*[^#]+\s+)umask\s+([0-7][0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|[0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|(u=[rwx]{0,3},)?(g=[rwx]{0,3},)?o=[rwx]+\b|(u=[rwx]{1,3},)?g=[^rx]{1,3}(,o=[</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                       <td>None Exist</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                       <td>All</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                       <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                              <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </table>
                           </div>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </evidence>
               </xccdf:check>
            </xccdf:complex-check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995421"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995421">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995421"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="none_exist">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure no file named /etc/profile exists and matches pattern (?i)(^\s*|^\s*[^#]+\s+)umask\s+([0-7][0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|[0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|(u=[rwx]{0,3},)?(g=[rwx]{0,3},)?o=[rwx]+\b|(u=[rwx]{1,3},)?g=[^rx]{1,3}(,o=[rwx]{0</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>None Exist</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995422"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995422">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995422"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="none_exist">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure no file named /etc/bash.bash.rc exists and matches pattern (?i)(^\s*|^\s*[^#]+\s+)umask\s+([0-7][0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|[0-7][01][0-7]\b|[0-7][0-7][0-6]\b|(u=[rwx]{0,3},)?(g=[rwx]{0,3},)?o=[rwx]+\b|(u=[rwx]{1,3},)?g=[^rx]{1,3}(,o=[r</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>None Exist</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                      References:

                      • URL: pam_umask(8)
                      • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2

                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                      • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                        Subcontrol: 14.6
                        Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                        Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                        • >

                      CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                      • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                        Safeguard: 3.3
                        Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                        Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                        Implementation Group: IG-1
                        Security Function: Protect
                        • >

                      Back to Summary
                      Fail

                      4.5.5 Ensure default user shell timeout is configured

                      Description:

                      TMOUT is an environmental setting that determines the timeout of a shell in seconds.

                      • TMOUT= n - Sets the shell timeout to n seconds. A setting of TMOUT=0 disables timeout.
                      • readonly TMOUT- Sets the TMOUT environmental variable as readonly, preventing unwanted modification during run-time.
                      • export TMOUT - exports the TMOUT variable

                      System Wide Shell Configuration Files:

                      • /etc/profile - used to set system wide environmental variables on users shells. The variables are sometimes the same ones that are in the .bash_profile , however this file is used to set an initial PATH or PS1 for all shell users of the system. Is only executed for interactive login shells, or shells executed with the --login parameter.
                      • /etc/profile.d - /etc/profile will execute the scripts within /etc/profile.d/*.sh . It is recommended to place your configuration in a shell script within /etc/profile.d to set your own system wide environmental variables.
                      • /etc/bash.bashrc - System wide version of bash.bashrc . etc/bash.bashrc also invokes /etc/profile.d/*.sh if non-login shell, but redirects output to /dev/null if non-interactive. Is only executed for interactive shells or if BASH_ENV is set to /etc/bash.bashrc .

                      Setting a timeout value reduces the window of opportunity for unauthorized user access to another user's shell session that has been left unattended. It also ends the inactive session and releases the resources associated with that session.

                      Review /etc/bash.bashrc , /etc/profile , and all files ending in *.sh in the /etc/profile.d/ directory and remove or edit all TMOUT=_n_ entries to follow local site policy.

                      TMOUT should:

                      • Be configured once, as multiple lines, or a single line, in one and only one of the following locations:
                        • A file in the /etc/profile.d/ directory ending in .sh
                        • /etc/profile
                        • /etc/bash.bashrc
                      • Not exceed 900
                      • Not be equal to 0

                      Multiple line example:

                      TMOUT=900

                      readonly TMOUT

                      export TMOUT

                      Single line example:

                      readonly TMOUT=900 ; export TMOUT

                      Show Assessment Evidence
                      Complex Check
                      AND
                      Script: sce/tmout_chk.sh
                      Result: Fail
                      Exit Value: 102
                      Output:
                      • - Audit Result:
                      • ** FAIL **
                      • - * Reasons for audit failure * :
                      • - TMOUT is not set
                      No error lines were collected.


                      Show Rule Result XML
                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.5_Ensure_default_user_shell_timeout_is_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.948Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/11"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-11</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/tmout_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/tmout_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/tmout_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - TMOUT is not set</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/tmout_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - TMOUT is not set</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                      References:

                      • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-11

                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                      • Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them.
                        Subcontrol: 16.11
                        Label: Lock Workstation Sessions After Inactivity
                        Description: Automatically lock workstation sessions after a standard period of inactivity.
                        • >

                      CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                      • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                        Safeguard: 4.3
                        Label: Configure Automatic Session Locking on Enterprise Assets
                        Description: Configure automatic session locking on enterprise assets after a defined period of inactivity. For general purpose operating systems, the period must not exceed 15 minutes. For mobile end-user devices, the period must not exceed 2 minutes.
                        Implementation Group: IG-1
                        Security Function: Protect
                        • >

                      Back to Summary
                      Pass

                      4.5.6 Ensure nologin is not listed in /etc/shells

                      Description:

                      /etc/shells is a text file which contains the full pathnames of valid login shells. This file is consulted by chsh and available to be queried by other programs.

                      Be aware that there are programs which consult this file to find out if a user is a normal user; for example, FTP daemons traditionally disallow access to users with shells not included in this file.

                      A user can use chsh to change their configured shell.

                      If a user has a shell configured that isn't in in /etc/shells , then the system assumes that they're somehow restricted. In the case of chsh it means that the user cannot change that value.

                      Other programs might query that list and apply similar restrictions.

                      By putting nologin in /etc/shells , any user that has nologin as its shell is considered a full, unrestricted user. This is not the expected behavior for nologin .

                      Edit /etc/shells and remove any lines that include nologin

                      Show Assessment Evidence
                      Complex Check
                      AND
                      Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/shells exists and matches pattern ^.*\/nologin\b
                      Existence Check: None Exist
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Pass
                      No matching system items were found.


                      Show Rule Result XML
                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.6_Ensure_nologin_is_not_listed_in_etcshells"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.948Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">shells(5)</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995425"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995425">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995425"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure no file named /etc/shells exists and matches pattern ^.*\/nologin\b</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                      References:

                      • URL: shells(5)
                      • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5

                      Back to Summary
                      Fail

                      4.5.7 Ensure maximum number of same consecutive characters in a password is configured

                      Description:

                      The pwqualitymaxrepeat option sets the maximum number of allowed same consecutive characters in a new password.

                      Use of a complex password helps to increase the time and resources required to compromise the password. Password complexity, or strength, is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting attempts at guessing and brute-force attacks.

                      Password complexity is one factor of several that determines how long it takes to crack a password. The more complex the password, the greater the number of possible combinations that need to be tested before the password is compromised.

                      Edit or add the following line in /etc/security/pwquality.conf to a value of 3 or less and not 0 :

                      maxrepeat = 3

                      Show Assessment Evidence
                      Complex Check
                      AND
                      Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/security/pwquality.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*maxrepeat\h*=\h*[1-3]\b
                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Fail
                      No matching system items were found.


                      Show Rule Result XML
                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_4.5.7_Ensure_maximum_number_of_same_consecutive_characters_in_a_password_is_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.948Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995426"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995426">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995426"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/security/pwquality.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*maxrepeat\h*=\h*[1-3]\b</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                      References:

                      • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5

                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                      • Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications.
                        Subcontrol: 4.4
                        Label: Use Unique Passwords
                        Description: Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root, or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system.
                        • >

                      CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                      • Control 5: Account Management: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise assets and software.
                        Safeguard: 5.2
                        Label: Use Unique Passwords
                        Description: Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation includes, at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a 14-character password for accounts not using MFA.
                        Implementation Group: IG-1
                        Security Function: Protect
                        • >

                      Back to Summary

                      5 Logging and Auditing

                      The items in this section describe how to configure logging, log monitoring, and auditing, using tools included in most distributions.

                      It is recommended that rsyslog be used for logging (with logwatch providing summarization) and auditd be used for auditing (with aureport providing summarization) to automatically monitor logs for intrusion attempts and other suspicious system behavior.

                      In addition to the local log files created by the steps in this section, it is also recommended that sites collect copies of their system logs on a secure, centralized log server via an encrypted connection. Not only does centralized logging help sites correlate events that may be occurring on multiple systems, but having a second copy of the system log information may be critical after a system compromise where the attacker has modified the local log files on the affected system(s). If a log correlation system is deployed, configure it to process the logs described in this section.

                      Because it is often necessary to correlate log information from many different systems (particularly after a security incident) it is recommended that the time be synchronized among systems and devices connected to the local network.

                      It is important that all logs described in this section be monitored on a regular basis and correlated to determine trends. A seemingly innocuous entry in one log could be more significant when compared to an entry in another log.

                      Note on log file permissions: There really isn't a "one size fits all" solution to the permissions on log files. Many sites utilize group permissions so that administrators who are in a defined security group, such as "wheel" do not have to elevate privileges to root in order to read log files. Also, if a third party log aggregation tool is used, it may need to have group permissions to read the log files, which is preferable to having it run setuid to root. Therefore, there are two remediation and audit steps for log file permissions. One is for systems that do not have a secured group method implemented that only permits root to read the log files ( root:root 600 ). The other is for sites that do have such a setup and are designated as root:securegrp 640 where securegrp is the defined security group (in some cases wheel ).

                      5.1 Configure Logging

                      Logging services should be configured to prevent information leaks and to aggregate logs on a remote server so that they can be reviewed in the event of a system compromise. A centralized log server provides a single point of entry for further analysis, monitoring and filtering.

                      Security principals for logging

                      • Ensure transport layer security is implemented between the client and the log server.
                      • Ensure that logs are rotated as per the environment requirements.
                      • Ensure all locally generated logs have the appropriate permissions.
                      • Ensure all security logs are sent to a remote log server.
                      • Ensure the required events are logged.

                      What is covered

                      This section will cover the minimum best practices for the usage of eitherrsyslogorjournald . The recommendations are written such that each is wholly independent of each other and only one is implemented .

                      • If your organization makes use of an enterprise wide logging system completely outside of rsyslog or journald , then the following recommendations does not directly apply. However, the principals of the recommendations should be followed regardless of what solution is implemented. If the enterprise solution incorporates either of these tools, careful consideration should be given to the following recommendations to determine exactly what applies.
                      • Should your organization make use of both rsyslog and journald , take care how the recommendations may or may not apply to you.

                      What is not covered

                      • Enterprise logging systems not utilizing rsyslog or journald . As logging is very situational and dependant on the local environment, not everything can be covered here.
                      • Transport layer security should be applied to all remote logging functionality. Both rsyslog and journald supports secure transport and should be configured as such.
                      • The log server. There are a multitude of reasons for a centralized log server (and keeping a short period logging on the local system), but the log server is out of scope for these recommendations.

                      5.1.1 Configure journald

                      Included in the systemd suite is a journaling service called systemd-journald.service for the collection and storage of logging data. It creates and maintains structured, indexed journals based on logging information that is received from a variety of sources such as:

                      • Classic RFC3164 BSD syslog via the /dev/log socket
                      • STDOUT/STDERR of programs via StandardOutput=journal + StandardError=journal in service files (both of which are default settings)
                      • Kernel log messages via the /dev/kmsg device node
                      • Audit records via the kernel’s audit subsystem
                      • Structured log messages via journald’s native protocol

                      Any changes made to the systemd-journald configuration will require a re-start of systemd-journald

                      5.1.1.1 Ensure journald is configured to send logs to a remote log host

                      Pass

                      5.1.1.1.1 Ensure systemd-journal-remote is installed

                      Description:

                      Journald (via systemd-journal-remote ) supports the ability to send log events it gathers to a remote log host or to receive messages from remote hosts, thus enabling centralised log management.

                      Storing log data on a remote host protects log integrity from local attacks. If an attacker gains root access on the local system, they could tamper with or remove log data that is stored on the local system.

                      Run the following command to install systemd-journal-remote :

                      # apt install systemd-journal-remote

                      Show Assessment Evidence
                      Complex Check
                      OR
                      Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'systemd-journal-remote' is installed
                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Fail
                      No matching system items were found.
                      Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'rsyslog' is installed
                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Pass
                      Dpkginfo Item
                      Name Type Status Value
                      Name String Exists rsyslog
                      Arch String Exists amd64
                      Epoch String Exists (none)
                      Release String Exists 1ubuntu1.3
                      Version String Exists 8.2001.0
                      Evr Evr String Exists 0:8.2001.0-1ubuntu1.3


                      Show Rule Result XML
                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.1.1_Ensure_systemd-journal-remote_is_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.949Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-12, SI-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994914"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994914">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994914"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'systemd-journal-remote' is installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994917"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994917">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994917"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'rsyslog' is installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>rsyslog</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>(none)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1ubuntu1.3</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>8.2001.0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0:8.2001.0-1ubuntu1.3</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                      References:

                      • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-12, SI-5

                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.2
                        Label: Activate audit logging
                        Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices.
                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.3
                        Label: Enable Detailed Logging
                        Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
                        • >

                      CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                      • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Safeguard: 8.2
                        Label: Collect Audit Logs
                        Description: Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management process, has been enabled across enterprise assets.
                        Implementation Group: IG-1
                        Security Function: Detect
                        • >

                      Back to Summary
                      Manual

                      5.1.1.1.2 Ensure systemd-journal-remote is configured

                      Description:

                      Journald (via systemd-journal-remote ) supports the ability to send log events it gathers to a remote log host or to receive messages from remote hosts, thus enabling centralised log management.

                      Storing log data on a remote host protects log integrity from local attacks. If an attacker gains root access on the local system, they could tamper with or remove log data that is stored on the local system.

                      Edit the /etc/systemd/journal-upload.conf file and ensure the following lines are set per your environment:

                      URL=192.168.50.42

                      ServerKeyFile=/etc/ssl/private/journal-upload.pem

                      ServerCertificateFile=/etc/ssl/certs/journal-upload.pem

                      TrustedCertificateFile=/etc/ssl/ca/trusted.pem

                      Restart the service:

                      # systemctl restart systemd-journal-upload



                      Show Rule Result XML
                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.1.2_Ensure_systemd-journal-remote_is_configured"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.949Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-12, SI-5</xccdf:ident>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                      References:

                      • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-12, SI-5

                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.2
                        Label: Activate audit logging
                        Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices.
                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.3
                        Label: Enable Detailed Logging
                        Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
                        • >

                      CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                      • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Safeguard: 8.2
                        Label: Collect Audit Logs
                        Description: Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management process, has been enabled across enterprise assets.
                        Implementation Group: IG-1
                        Security Function: Detect
                        • >

                      Back to Summary
                      Manual

                      5.1.1.1.3 Ensure systemd-journal-remote is enabled

                      Description:

                      Journald (via systemd-journal-remote ) supports the ability to send log events it gathers to a remote log host or to receive messages from remote hosts, thus enabling centralised log management.

                      Storing log data on a remote host protects log integrity from local attacks. If an attacker gains root access on the local system, they could tamper with or remove log data that is stored on the local system.

                      Run the following command to enable systemd-journal-remote :

                      # systemctl --now enable systemd-journal-upload.service

                      Show Assessment Evidence
                      Complex Check
                      AND
                      Criterion: Ensure systemd 'systemd-journal-upload.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'enabled'
                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Fail
                      Systemdunitproperty Item
                      Name Type Status Value
                      Unit String Exists systemd-journal-upload.service
                      Property String Exists UnitFileState
                      Value String Exists No Value


                      Show Rule Result XML
                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.1.3_Ensure_systemd-journal-remote_is_enabled"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.949Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>informational</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-12, CM-7, SI-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:3994921"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3994921_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994921"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994921">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994921"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure systemd 'systemd-journal-upload.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'enabled'</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Unit</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>systemd-journal-upload.service</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Property</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>UnitFileState</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Value</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                      References:

                      • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-12, CM-7, SI-5

                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.2
                        Label: Activate audit logging
                        Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices.
                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.3
                        Label: Enable Detailed Logging
                        Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
                        • >

                      CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                      • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Safeguard: 8.2
                        Label: Collect Audit Logs
                        Description: Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management process, has been enabled across enterprise assets.
                        Implementation Group: IG-1
                        Security Function: Detect
                        • >

                      Back to Summary
                      Pass

                      5.1.1.1.4 Ensure journald is not configured to receive logs from a remote client

                      Description:

                      Journald supports the ability to receive messages from remote hosts, thus acting as a log server. Clients should not receive data from other hosts.

                      Note:

                      • The same package, systemd-journal-remote , is used for both sending logs to remote hosts and receiving incoming logs.
                      • With regards to receiving logs, there are two services; systemd-journal-remote.socket and systemd-journal-remote.service .

                      If a client is configured to also receive data, thus turning it into a server, the client system is acting outside it's operational boundary.

                      Run the following command to disable systemd-journal-remote.socket :

                      # systemctl --now disable systemd-journal-remote.socket

                      Show Assessment Evidence
                      Complex Check
                      AND
                      Criterion: Ensure systemd 'systemd-journal-remote.socket' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'
                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Pass
                      Systemdunitproperty Item
                      Name Type Status Value
                      Unit String Exists systemd-journal-remote.socket
                      Property String Exists UnitFileState
                      Value String Exists No Value


                      Show Rule Result XML
                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.1.4_Ensure_journald_is_not_configured_to_receive_logs_from_a_remote_client"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.949Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-12, CM-6, CM-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:3994924"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3994924_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994924"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994924">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994924"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure systemd 'systemd-journal-remote.socket' unit 'UnitFileState' property not equal 'enabled'</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Unit</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>systemd-journal-remote.socket</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Property</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>UnitFileState</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Value</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                      References:

                      • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-12, CM-6, CM-7

                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.2
                        Label: Activate audit logging
                        Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices.
                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.3
                        Label: Enable Detailed Logging
                        Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
                      • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                        Subcontrol: 9.2
                        Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                        Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                        • >

                      CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                      • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                        Safeguard: 4.8
                        Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                        Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                        Implementation Group: IG-2
                        Security Function: Protect
                      • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Safeguard: 8.2
                        Label: Collect Audit Logs
                        Description: Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management process, has been enabled across enterprise assets.
                        Implementation Group: IG-1
                        Security Function: Detect
                        • >

                      Back to Summary
                      Pass

                      5.1.1.2 Ensure journald service is enabled

                      Description:

                      Ensure that the systemd-journald service is enabled to allow capturing of logging events.

                      If the systemd-journald service is not enabled to start on boot, the system will not capture logging events.

                      By default the systemd-journald service does not have an [Install] section and thus cannot be enabled / disabled. It is meant to be referenced as Requires or Wants by other unit files. As such, if the status of systemd-journald is not static , investigate why.

                      Show Assessment Evidence
                      Complex Check
                      AND
                      Criterion: Ensure systemd 'systemd-journald' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'static'
                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Pass
                      Systemdunitproperty Item
                      Name Type Status Value
                      Unit String Exists systemd-journald
                      Property String Exists UnitFileState
                      Value String Exists static


                      Show Rule Result XML
                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.2_Ensure_journald_service_is_enabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.949Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-7 AU-12</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:3994927"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3994927_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994927"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994927">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994927"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure systemd 'systemd-journald' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'static'</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Unit</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>systemd-journald</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Property</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>UnitFileState</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Value</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>static</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                      References:

                      • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-7 AU-12

                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.2
                        Label: Activate audit logging
                        Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices.
                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.3
                        Label: Enable Detailed Logging
                        Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
                        • >

                      CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                      • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Safeguard: 8.2
                        Label: Collect Audit Logs
                        Description: Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management process, has been enabled across enterprise assets.
                        Implementation Group: IG-1
                        Security Function: Detect
                        • >

                      Back to Summary
                      Fail

                      5.1.1.3 Ensure journald is configured to compress large log files

                      Description:

                      The journald system includes the capability of compressing overly large files to avoid filling up the system with logs or making the logs unmanageably large.

                      Uncompressed large files may unexpectedly fill a filesystem leading to resource unavailability. Compressing logs prior to write can prevent sudden, unexpected filesystem impacts.

                      Edit the /etc/systemd/journald.conf file or a file ending in .conf in /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/ and add the following line:

                      Compress=yes

                      Restart the service:

                      # systemctl restart systemd-journald

                      Show Assessment Evidence
                      Complex Check
                      OR
                      Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/systemd/journald.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*Compress\h*=\h*yes\b
                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Fail
                      No matching system items were found.
                      Criterion: Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*Compress\h*=\h*yes\b
                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Fail
                      No matching system items were found.


                      Show Rule Result XML
                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.3_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_compress_large_log_files"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.949Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-4</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994930"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994930">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994930"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/systemd/journald.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*Compress\h*=\h*yes\b</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994932"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994932">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994932"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*Compress\h*=\h*yes\b</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                      References:

                      • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-4

                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.2
                        Label: Activate audit logging
                        Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices.
                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.3
                        Label: Enable Detailed Logging
                        Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.4
                        Label: Ensure adequate storage for logs
                        Description: Ensure that all systems that store logs have adequate storage space for the logs generated.
                        • >

                      CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                      • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Safeguard: 8.2
                        Label: Collect Audit Logs
                        Description: Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management process, has been enabled across enterprise assets.
                        Implementation Group: IG-1
                        Security Function: Detect
                      • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Safeguard: 8.3
                        Label: Ensure Adequate Audit Log Storage
                        Description: Ensure that logging destinations maintain adequate storage to comply with the enterprise's audit log management process.
                        Implementation Group: IG-1
                        Security Function: Protect
                        • >

                      Back to Summary
                      Fail

                      5.1.1.4 Ensure journald is configured to write logfiles to persistent disk

                      Description:

                      Data from journald may be stored in volatile memory or persisted locally on the server. Logs in memory will be lost upon a system reboot. By persisting logs to local disk on the server they are protected from loss due to a reboot.

                      Writing log data to disk will provide the ability to forensically reconstruct events which may have impacted the operations or security of a system even after a system crash or reboot.

                      Edit the /etc/systemd/journald.conf file or a file ending in .conf in /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/ and add the following line:

                      Storage=persistent

                      Restart the service:

                      # systemctl restart systemd-journald

                      Show Assessment Evidence
                      Complex Check
                      OR
                      Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/systemd/journald.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*Storage\h*=\h*persistent\b
                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Fail
                      No matching system items were found.
                      Criterion: Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*Storage\h*=\h*persistent\b
                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Fail
                      No matching system items were found.


                      Show Rule Result XML
                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.4_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_write_logfiles_to_persistent_disk"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.949Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, AU-12</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994936"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994936">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994936"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/systemd/journald.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*Storage\h*=\h*persistent\b</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994938"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994938">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994938"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*Storage\h*=\h*persistent\b</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                      References:

                      • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, AU-12

                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.2
                        Label: Activate audit logging
                        Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices.
                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.3
                        Label: Enable Detailed Logging
                        Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
                        • >

                      CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                      • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Safeguard: 8.2
                        Label: Collect Audit Logs
                        Description: Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management process, has been enabled across enterprise assets.
                        Implementation Group: IG-1
                        Security Function: Detect
                        • >

                      Back to Summary
                      Manual

                      5.1.1.5 Ensure journald is not configured to send logs to rsyslog

                      Description:

                      Data from journald should be kept in the confines of the service and not forwarded on to other services.

                      IF journald is the method for capturing logs, all logs of the system should be handled by journald and not forwarded to other logging mechanisms.

                      Edit the /etc/systemd/journald.conf file and files in /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/ and ensure that ForwardToSyslog=yes is removed.

                      Restart the service:

                      # systemctl restart systemd-journald

                      Show Assessment Evidence
                      Complex Check
                      AND
                      Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/systemd/journald.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*ForwardToSyslog\h*=\h*yes\b
                      Existence Check: None Exist
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Pass
                      No matching system items were found.
                      Criterion: Ensure no file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*ForwardToSyslog\h*=\h*yes\b
                      Existence Check: None Exist
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Pass
                      No matching system items were found.


                      Show Rule Result XML
                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.5_Ensure_journald_is_not_configured_to_send_logs_to_rsyslog"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.949Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>informational</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/9"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-6, AU-7, AU-12</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994942"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994942">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994942"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure no file named /etc/systemd/journald.conf exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*ForwardToSyslog\h*=\h*yes\b</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994944"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994944">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994944"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure no file(s) named ^.+$ in /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/ exists and matches pattern (?i)^\h*ForwardToSyslog\h*=\h*yes\b</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                      References:

                      • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-6, AU-7, AU-12

                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.2
                        Label: Activate audit logging
                        Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices.
                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.3
                        Label: Enable Detailed Logging
                        Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.5
                        Label: Central Log Management
                        Description: Ensure that appropriate logs are being aggregated to a central log management system for analysis and review.
                        • >

                      CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                      • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Safeguard: 8.2
                        Label: Collect Audit Logs
                        Description: Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management process, has been enabled across enterprise assets.
                        Implementation Group: IG-1
                        Security Function: Detect
                      • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Safeguard: 8.9
                        Label: Centralize Audit Logs
                        Description: Centralize, to the extent possible, audit log collection and retention across enterprise assets.
                        Implementation Group: IG-2
                        Security Function: Detect
                        • >

                      Back to Summary
                      Manual

                      5.1.1.6 Ensure journald log rotation is configured per site policy

                      Description:

                      Journald includes the capability of rotating log files regularly to avoid filling up the system with logs or making the logs unmanageably large. The file /etc/systemd/journald.conf is the configuration file used to specify how logs generated by Journald should be rotated.

                      By keeping the log files smaller and more manageable, a system administrator can easily archive these files to another system and spend less time looking through inordinately large log files.

                      Review /etc/systemd/journald.conf and verify logs are rotated according to site policy. The settings should be carefully understood as there are specific edge cases and prioritisation of parameters.

                      The specific parameters for log rotation are:

                      SystemMaxUse=

                      SystemKeepFree=

                      RuntimeMaxUse=

                      RuntimeKeepFree=

                      MaxFileSec=



                      Show Rule Result XML
                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.6_Ensure_journald_log_rotation_is_configured_per_site_policy"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.949Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-7, AU-12</xccdf:ident>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                      References:

                      • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-7, AU-12

                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.2
                        Label: Activate audit logging
                        Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices.
                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.3
                        Label: Enable Detailed Logging
                        Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
                        • >

                      CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                      • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Safeguard: 8.2
                        Label: Collect Audit Logs
                        Description: Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management process, has been enabled across enterprise assets.
                        Implementation Group: IG-1
                        Security Function: Detect
                        • >

                      Back to Summary
                      Manual

                      5.1.1.7 Ensure journald default file permissions configured

                      Description:

                      Journald will create logfiles that do not already exist on the system. This setting controls what permissions will be applied to these newly created files.

                      It is important to ensure that log files have the correct permissions to ensure that sensitive data is archived and protected.

                      If the default configuration is not appropriate for the site specific requirements, copy /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/systemd.conf to /etc/tmpfiles.d/systemd.conf and modify as required. Requirements is either 0640 or site policy if that is less restrictive.



                      Show Rule Result XML
                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.1.7_Ensure_journald_default_file_permissions_configured"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.949Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, AU-2, AU-12, MP-2, SI-5</xccdf:ident>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                      References:

                      • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, AU-2, AU-12, MP-2, SI-5

                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                      • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                        Subcontrol: 5.1
                        Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                        Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.2
                        Label: Activate audit logging
                        Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices.
                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.3
                        Label: Enable Detailed Logging
                        Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
                        • >

                      CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                      • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                        Safeguard: 3.3
                        Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                        Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                        Implementation Group: IG-1
                        Security Function: Protect
                      • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Safeguard: 8.2
                        Label: Collect Audit Logs
                        Description: Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management process, has been enabled across enterprise assets.
                        Implementation Group: IG-1
                        Security Function: Detect
                        • >

                      Back to Summary

                      5.1.2 Configure rsyslog

                      The rsyslog software package may be used instead of the default journald logging mechanism.

                      Note: This section only applies if rsyslog is the chosen method for client side logging. Do not apply this section if journald is used.

                      Pass

                      5.1.2.1 Ensure rsyslog is installed

                      Description:

                      The rsyslog software is recommended in environments where journald does not meet operation requirements.

                      The security enhancements of rsyslog such as connection-oriented (i.e. TCP) transmission of logs, the option to log to database formats, and the encryption of log data en route to a central logging server) justify installing and configuring the package.

                      Run the following command to install rsyslog :

                      # apt install rsyslog

                      Show Assessment Evidence
                      Complex Check
                      OR
                      Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'rsyslog' is installed
                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Pass
                      Dpkginfo Item
                      Name Type Status Value
                      Name String Exists rsyslog
                      Arch String Exists amd64
                      Epoch String Exists (none)
                      Release String Exists 1ubuntu1.3
                      Version String Exists 8.2001.0
                      Evr Evr String Exists 0:8.2001.0-1ubuntu1.3
                      Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'systemd-journal-remote' is installed
                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Fail
                      No matching system items were found.


                      Show Rule Result XML
                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2.1_Ensure_rsyslog_is_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.951Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, AU-12, SI-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994950"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994950">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994950"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'rsyslog' is installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Dpkginfo Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Name</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>rsyslog</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Arch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>amd64</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Epoch</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>(none)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Release</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1ubuntu1.3</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Version</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>8.2001.0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Evr</td>
                              <td>Evr String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0:8.2001.0-1ubuntu1.3</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994952"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994952">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994952"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'systemd-journal-remote' is installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                      References:

                      • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, AU-12, SI-5

                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.2
                        Label: Activate audit logging
                        Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices.
                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.3
                        Label: Enable Detailed Logging
                        Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
                        • >

                      CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                      • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Safeguard: 8.2
                        Label: Collect Audit Logs
                        Description: Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management process, has been enabled across enterprise assets.
                        Implementation Group: IG-1
                        Security Function: Detect
                        • >

                      Back to Summary
                      Pass

                      5.1.2.2 Ensure rsyslog service is enabled

                      Description:

                      Once the rsyslog package is installed, ensure that the service is enabled.

                      If the rsyslog service is not enabled to start on boot, the system will not capture logging events.

                      Run the following command to enable rsyslog :

                      # systemctl --now enable rsyslog

                      Show Assessment Evidence
                      Complex Check
                      AND
                      Criterion: Ensure systemd 'rsyslog.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'enabled'
                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Pass
                      Systemdunitproperty Item
                      Name Type Status Value
                      Unit String Exists rsyslog.service
                      Property String Exists UnitFileState
                      Value String Exists enabled


                      Show Rule Result XML
                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2.2_Ensure_rsyslog_service_is_enabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.951Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, AU-12</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:3994954"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3994954_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994954"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994954">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994954"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure systemd 'rsyslog.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'enabled'</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Unit</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>rsyslog.service</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Property</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>UnitFileState</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Value</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>enabled</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                      References:

                      • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, AU-12

                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.2
                        Label: Activate audit logging
                        Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices.
                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.3
                        Label: Enable Detailed Logging
                        Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
                        • >

                      CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                      • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Safeguard: 8.2
                        Label: Collect Audit Logs
                        Description: Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management process, has been enabled across enterprise assets.
                        Implementation Group: IG-1
                        Security Function: Detect
                        • >

                      Back to Summary
                      Manual

                      5.1.2.3 Ensure journald is configured to send logs to rsyslog

                      Description:

                      Data from journald may be stored in volatile memory or persisted locally on the server. Utilities exist to accept remote export of journald logs, however, use of the RSyslog service provides a consistent means of log collection and export.

                      IF RSyslog is the preferred method for capturing logs, all logs of the system should be sent to it for further processing.

                      Edit the /etc/systemd/journald.conf file and add the following line:

                      ForwardToSyslog=yes

                      Restart the service:

                      # systemctl restart rsyslog

                      Show Assessment Evidence
                      Complex Check
                      AND
                      Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/systemd/journald.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*(?i)ForwardToSyslog\s*=\s*yes(\s+#.*)*$
                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Fail
                      No matching system items were found.


                      Show Rule Result XML
                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2.3_Ensure_journald_is_configured_to_send_logs_to_rsyslog"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.951Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>informational</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/9"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-9</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994959"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994959">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994959"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/systemd/journald.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*(?i)ForwardToSyslog\s*=\s*yes(\s+#.*)*$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                      References:

                      • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-9

                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.2
                        Label: Activate audit logging
                        Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices.
                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.3
                        Label: Enable Detailed Logging
                        Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.5
                        Label: Central Log Management
                        Description: Ensure that appropriate logs are being aggregated to a central log management system for analysis and review.
                        • >

                      CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                      • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Safeguard: 8.2
                        Label: Collect Audit Logs
                        Description: Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management process, has been enabled across enterprise assets.
                        Implementation Group: IG-1
                        Security Function: Detect
                      • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Safeguard: 8.9
                        Label: Centralize Audit Logs
                        Description: Centralize, to the extent possible, audit log collection and retention across enterprise assets.
                        Implementation Group: IG-2
                        Security Function: Detect
                        • >

                      Back to Summary
                      Pass

                      5.1.2.4 Ensure rsyslog default file permissions are configured

                      Description:

                      RSyslog will create logfiles that do not already exist on the system. This setting controls what permissions will be applied to these newly created files.

                      It is important to ensure that log files have the correct permissions to ensure that sensitive data is archived and protected.

                      Edit either /etc/rsyslog.conf or a dedicated .conf file in /etc/rsyslog.d/ and set $FileCreateMode to 0640 or more restrictive:

                      $FileCreateMode 0640

                      Restart the service:

                      # systemctl restart rsyslog

                      Impact:

                      The systems global umask could override, but only making the file permissions stricter, what is configured in RSyslog with the FileCreateMode directive. RSyslog also has it's own $umask directive that can alter the intended file creation mode. In addition, consideration should be given to how FileCreateMode is used.

                      Thus it is critical to ensure that the intended file creation mode is not overridden with less restrictive settings in /etc/rsyslog.conf , /etc/rsyslog.d/*conf files and that FileCreateMode is set before any file is created.

                      Show Assessment Evidence
                      Complex Check
                      OR
                      Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/rsyslog.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*\$FileCreateMode\s+0[6420][40]0\s*(\s+#.*)?$
                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Pass
                      Textfilecontent Item
                      Name Type Status Value
                      Filepath String Exists /etc/rsyslog.conf
                      Path String Exists /etc
                      Filename String Exists rsyslog.conf
                      Pattern String Exists ^\s*\$FileCreateMode\s+0[6420][40]0\s*(\s+#.*)?$
                      Instance Int Exists 1
                      Line String Exists $FileCreateMode 0640
                      Text String Exists $FileCreateMode 0640
                      Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                      Windows View String Not collected No Value
                      Criterion: Ensure at least one file(s) named .*\.conf in /etc/rsyslog.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*\$FileCreateMode\s+0[6420][40]0\s*(\s+#.*)?$
                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                      Item Check: At least one
                      Result: Fail
                      No matching system items were found.


                      Show Rule Result XML
                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2.4_Ensure_rsyslog_default_file_permissions_are_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.951Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/1"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">See the rsyslog.conf(5) man page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, AC-6, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994961"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994961">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994961"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/rsyslog.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*\$FileCreateMode\s+0[6420][40]0\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filepath</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/rsyslog.conf</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>rsyslog.conf</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Pattern</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>^\s*\$FileCreateMode\s+0[6420][40]0\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Instance</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>$FileCreateMode 0640</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Text</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>$FileCreateMode 0640</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Subexpression</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Does not exist</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Windows View</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994963"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994963">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994963"
                       check="at least one"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file(s) named .*\.conf in /etc/rsyslog.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*\$FileCreateMode\s+0[6420][40]0\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>At least one</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                      References:

                      • URL: See the rsyslog.conf(5) man page for more information.
                      • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, AC-6, MP-2

                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                      • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                        Subcontrol: 5.1
                        Label: Establish Secure Configurations
                        Description: Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all authorized operating systems and software.
                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.2
                        Label: Activate audit logging
                        Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices.
                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.3
                        Label: Enable Detailed Logging
                        Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
                        • >

                      CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                      • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                        Safeguard: 3.3
                        Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                        Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                        Implementation Group: IG-1
                        Security Function: Protect
                      • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Safeguard: 8.2
                        Label: Collect Audit Logs
                        Description: Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management process, has been enabled across enterprise assets.
                        Implementation Group: IG-1
                        Security Function: Detect
                        • >

                      Back to Summary
                      Manual

                      5.1.2.5 Ensure logging is configured

                      Description:

                      The /etc/rsyslog.conf and /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf files specifies rules for logging and which files are to be used to log certain classes of messages.

                      A great deal of important security-related information is sent via rsyslog (e.g., successful and failed su attempts, failed login attempts, root login attempts, etc.).

                      Edit the following lines in the /etc/rsyslog.conf and /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf files as appropriate for your environment.

                      NOTE: The below configuration is shown for example purposes only. Due care should be given to how the organization wish to store log data.

                      *.emerg :omusrmsg:*

                      auth,authpriv.* /var/log/secure

                      mail.* -/var/log/mail

                      mail.info -/var/log/mail.info

                      mail.warning -/var/log/mail.warn

                      mail.err /var/log/mail.err

                      cron.* /var/log/cron

                      *.=warning;*.=err -/var/log/warn

                      *.crit /var/log/warn

                      *.*;mail.none;news.none -/var/log/messages

                      local0,local1.* -/var/log/localmessages

                      local2,local3.* -/var/log/localmessages

                      local4,local5.* -/var/log/localmessages

                      local6,local7.* -/var/log/localmessages

                      Run the following command to reload the rsyslogd configuration:

                      # systemctl restart rsyslog



                      Show Rule Result XML
                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2.5_Ensure_logging_is_configured"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.951Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">See the rsyslog.conf(5) man page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-7, AU-12</xccdf:ident>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                      References:

                      • URL: See the rsyslog.conf(5) man page for more information.
                      • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-7, AU-12

                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.2
                        Label: Activate audit logging
                        Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices.
                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.3
                        Label: Enable Detailed Logging
                        Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
                        • >

                      CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                      • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Safeguard: 8.2
                        Label: Collect Audit Logs
                        Description: Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management process, has been enabled across enterprise assets.
                        Implementation Group: IG-1
                        Security Function: Detect
                        • >

                      Back to Summary
                      Manual

                      5.1.2.6 Ensure rsyslog is configured to send logs to a remote log host

                      Description:

                      RSyslog supports the ability to send log events it gathers to a remote log host or to receive messages from remote hosts, thus enabling centralised log management.

                      Storing log data on a remote host protects log integrity from local attacks. If an attacker gains root access on the local system, they could tamper with or remove log data that is stored on the local system.

                      Edit the /etc/rsyslog.conf and /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf files and add the following line (where loghost.example.com is the name of your central log host). The target directive may either be a fully qualified domain name or an IP address.

                      *.* action(type="omfwd" target="192.168.2.100" port="514" protocol="tcp"

                      action.resumeRetryCount="100"

                      queue.type="LinkedList" queue.size="1000")

                      Run the following command to reload the rsyslogd configuration:

                      # systemctl restart rsyslog

                      Show Assessment Evidence
                      Complex Check
                      OR
                      Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/rsyslog.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*\*\.\*\s+@
                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Fail
                      No matching system items were found.
                      Criterion: Ensure at least one file(s) named .*\.conf in /etc/rsyslog.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*\*\.\*\s+@
                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                      Item Check: At least one
                      Result: Fail
                      No matching system items were found.


                      Show Rule Result XML
                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2.6_Ensure_rsyslog_is_configured_to_send_logs_to_a_remote_log_host"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.951Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>informational</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">See the rsyslog.conf(5) man page for more information.</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-6</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994968"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994968">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994968"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/rsyslog.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*\*\.\*\s+@</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994971"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994971">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994971"
                       check="at least one"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file(s) named .*\.conf in /etc/rsyslog.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*\*\.\*\s+@</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>At least one</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                      References:

                      • URL: See the rsyslog.conf(5) man page for more information.
                      • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-6

                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.2
                        Label: Activate audit logging
                        Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices.
                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.3
                        Label: Enable Detailed Logging
                        Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
                        • >

                      CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                      • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Safeguard: 8.2
                        Label: Collect Audit Logs
                        Description: Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management process, has been enabled across enterprise assets.
                        Implementation Group: IG-1
                        Security Function: Detect
                        • >

                      Back to Summary
                      Pass

                      5.1.2.7 Ensure rsyslog is not configured to receive logs from a remote client

                      Description:

                      RSyslog supports the ability to receive messages from remote hosts, thus acting as a log server. Clients should not receive data from other hosts.

                      If a client is configured to also receive data, thus turning it into a server, the client system is acting outside it's operational boundary.

                      Should there be any active log server configuration found in the auditing section, modify those file and remove the specific lines highlighted by the audit. Ensure none of the following entries are present in any of /etc/rsyslog.conf or /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf .

                      Old format

                      $ModLoad imtcp

                      $InputTCPServerRun

                      New format

                      module(load="imtcp")

                      input(type="imtcp" port="514")

                      Restart the service:

                      # systemctl restart rsyslog

                      Show Assessment Evidence
                      Complex Check
                      OR
                      Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/rsyslog.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*\*\.\*\s+@
                      Existence Check: None Exist
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Pass
                      No matching system items were found.
                      Criterion: Ensurefile(s) named .*\.conf in /etc/rsyslog.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*\*\.\*\s+@
                      Existence Check: None Exist
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Pass
                      No matching system items were found.


                      Show Rule Result XML
                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.2.7_Ensure_rsyslog_is_not_configured_to_receive_logs_from_a_remote_client"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.951Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/9/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-6, AU-7, AU-12</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994974"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994974">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994974"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure no file named /etc/rsyslog.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*\*\.\*\s+@</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994977"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994977">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994977"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensurefile(s) named .*\.conf in /etc/rsyslog.d/ exists and matches pattern ^\s*\*\.\*\s+@</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                      References:

                      • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-6, AU-7, AU-12

                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.2
                        Label: Activate audit logging
                        Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices.
                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.3
                        Label: Enable Detailed Logging
                        Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
                      • Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Manage (track/control/correct) the ongoing operational use of ports, protocols, and services on networked devices in order to minimize windows of vulnerability available to attackers.
                        Subcontrol: 9.2
                        Label: Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services Are Running
                        Description: Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system with validated business needs are running on each system.
                        • >

                      CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                      • Control 4: Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Establish and maintain the secure configuration of enterprise assets (end-user devices, including portable and mobile; network devices; non-computing/IoT devices; and servers) and software (operating systems and applications).
                        Safeguard: 4.8
                        Label: Uninstall or Disable Unnecessary Services on Enterprise Assets and Software
                        Description: Uninstall or disable unnecessary services on enterprise assets and software, such as an unused file sharing service, web application module, or service function.
                        Implementation Group: IG-2
                        Security Function: Protect
                      • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Safeguard: 8.2
                        Label: Collect Audit Logs
                        Description: Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management process, has been enabled across enterprise assets.
                        Implementation Group: IG-1
                        Security Function: Detect
                        • >

                      Back to Summary
                      Fail

                      5.1.3 Ensure all logfiles have appropriate access configured

                      Description:

                      Log files stored in /var/log/ contain logged information from many services on the system and potentially from other logged hosts as well.

                      It is important that log files have the correct permissions to ensure that sensitive data is protected and that only the appropriate users / groups have access to them.

                      Run the following script to update permissions and ownership on files in /var/log .

                      Although the script is not destructive, ensure that the output is captured in the event that the remediation causes issues.

                      #!/usr/bin/env bash



                      {

                      l_op2="" l_output2=""

                      l_uidmin="$(awk '/^\s*UID_MIN/{print $2}' /etc/login.defs)"

                      file_test_fix()

                      {

                      l_op2=""

                      l_fuser="root"

                      l_fgroup="root"

                      if [ $(( $l_mode & $perm_mask )) -gt 0 ]; then

                      l_op2="$l_op2\n - Mode: \"$l_mode\" should be \"$maxperm\" or more restrictive\n - Removing excess permissions"

                      chmod "$l_rperms" "$l_fname"

                      fi

                      if [[ ! "$l_user" =~ $l_auser ]]; then

                      l_op2="$l_op2\n - Owned by: \"$l_user\" and should be owned by \"${l_auser//|/ or }\"\n - Changing ownership to: \"$l_fuser\""

                      chown "$l_fuser" "$l_fname"

                      fi

                      if [[ ! "$l_group" =~ $l_agroup ]]; then

                      l_op2="$l_op2\n - Group owned by: \"$l_group\" and should be group owned by \"${l_agroup//|/ or }\"\n - Changing group ownership to: \"$l_fgroup\""

                      chgrp "$l_fgroup" "$l_fname"

                      fi

                      [ -n "$l_op2" ] && l_output2="$l_output2\n - File: \"$l_fname\" is:$l_op2\n"

                      }

                      unset a_file && a_file=() # clear and initialize array

                      # Loop to create array with stat of files that could possibly fail one of the audits

                      while IFS= read -r -d $'\0' l_file; do

                      [ -e "$l_file" ] && a_file+=("$(stat -Lc '%n^%#a^%U^%u^%G^%g' "$l_file")")

                      done < <(find -L /var/log -type f \( -perm /0137 -o ! -user root -o ! -group root \) -print0)

                      while IFS="^" read -r l_fname l_mode l_user l_uid l_group l_gid; do

                      l_bname="$(basename "$l_fname")"

                      case "$l_bname" in

                      lastlog | lastlog.* | wtmp | wtmp.* | wtmp-* | btmp | btmp.* | btmp-* | README)

                      perm_mask='0113'

                      maxperm="$( printf '%o' $(( 0777 & ~$perm_mask)) )"

                      l_rperms="ug-x,o-wx"

                      l_auser="root"

                      l_agroup="(root|utmp)"

                      file_test_fix

                      ;;

                      secure | auth.log | syslog | messages)

                      perm_mask='0137'

                      maxperm="$( printf '%o' $(( 0777 & ~$perm_mask)) )"

                      l_rperms="u-x,g-wx,o-rwx"

                      l_auser="(root|syslog)"

                      l_agroup="(root|adm)"

                      file_test_fix

                      ;;

                      SSSD | sssd)

                      perm_mask='0117'

                      maxperm="$( printf '%o' $(( 0777 & ~$perm_mask)) )"

                      l_rperms="ug-x,o-rwx"

                      l_auser="(root|SSSD)"

                      l_agroup="(root|SSSD)"

                      file_test_fix

                      ;;

                      gdm | gdm3)

                      perm_mask='0117'

                      l_rperms="ug-x,o-rwx"

                      maxperm="$( printf '%o' $(( 0777 & ~$perm_mask)) )"

                      l_auser="root"

                      l_agroup="(root|gdm|gdm3)"

                      file_test_fix

                      ;;

                      *.journal | *.journal~)

                      perm_mask='0137'

                      maxperm="$( printf '%o' $(( 0777 & ~$perm_mask)) )"

                      l_rperms="u-x,g-wx,o-rwx"

                      l_auser="root"

                      l_agroup="(root|systemd-journal)"

                      file_test_fix

                      ;;

                      *)

                      perm_mask='0137'

                      maxperm="$( printf '%o' $(( 0777 & ~$perm_mask)) )"

                      l_rperms="u-x,g-wx,o-rwx"

                      l_auser="(root|syslog)"

                      l_agroup="(root|adm)"

                      if [ "$l_uid" -lt "$l_uidmin" ] && [ -z "$(awk -v grp="$l_group" -F: '$1==grp {print $4}' /etc/group)" ]; then

                      if [[ ! "$l_user" =~ $l_auser ]]; then

                      l_auser="(root|syslog|$l_user)"

                      fi

                      if [[ ! "$l_group" =~ $l_agroup ]]; then

                      l_tst=""

                      while l_out3="" read -r l_duid; do

                      [ "$l_duid" -ge "$l_uidmin" ] && l_tst=failed

                      done <<< "$(awk -F: '$4=='"$l_gid"' {print $3}' /etc/passwd)"

                      [ "$l_tst" != "failed" ] && l_agroup="(root|adm|$l_group)"

                      fi

                      fi

                      file_test_fix

                      ;;

                      esac

                      done <<< "$(printf '%s\n' "${a_file[@]}")"

                      unset a_file # Clear array

                      # If all files passed, then we report no changes

                      if [ -z "$l_output2" ]; then

                      echo -e "- All files in \"/var/log/\" have appropriate permissions and ownership\n - No changes required\n"

                      else

                      # print report of changes

                      echo -e "\n$l_output2"

                      fi

                      }

                      Note: You may also need to change the configuration for your logging software or services for any logs that had incorrect permissions.

                      If there are services that log to other locations, ensure that those log files have the appropriate access configured.

                      Show Assessment Evidence
                      Complex Check
                      AND
                      Script: sce/nix_logfile_access_chk.sh
                      Result: Fail
                      Exit Value: 102
                      Output:
                      • - Audit Results:
                      • ** Fail **
                      • - File: "/var/log/dpkg.log" is:
                      • - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive
                      • - File: "/var/log/ubuntu-advantage-timer.log" is:
                      • - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive
                      • - File: "/var/log/dmesg.0" is:
                      • - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive
                      • - File: "/var/log/apt/eipp.log.xz" is:
                      • - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive
                      • - File: "/var/log/apt/history.log" is:
                      • - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive
                      • - File: "/var/log/alternatives.log" is:
                      • - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive
                      • - File: "/var/log/dmesg" is:
                      • - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive
                      • - File: "/var/log/unattended-upgrades/unattended-upgrades-shutdown.log" is:
                      • - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive
                      • - File: "/var/log/calico/cni/cni.log" is:
                      • - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive
                      • - File: "/var/log/killercoda/background0_stdout.log" is:
                      • - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive
                      • - File: "/var/log/killercoda/background0_stderr.log" is:
                      • - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive
                      No error lines were collected.


                      Show Rule Result XML
                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.1.3_Ensure_all_logfiles_have_appropriate_access_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.951Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_logfile_access_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_logfile_access_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_logfile_access_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Results:</l>
                  <l> ** Fail **</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - File: "/var/log/dpkg.log" is:</l>
                  <l>  - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - File: "/var/log/ubuntu-advantage-timer.log" is:</l>
                  <l>  - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - File: "/var/log/dmesg.0" is:</l>
                  <l>  - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - File: "/var/log/apt/eipp.log.xz" is:</l>
                  <l>  - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - File: "/var/log/apt/history.log" is:</l>
                  <l>  - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - File: "/var/log/alternatives.log" is:</l>
                  <l>  - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - File: "/var/log/dmesg" is:</l>
                  <l>  - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - File: "/var/log/unattended-upgrades/unattended-upgrades-shutdown.log" is:</l>
                  <l>  - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - File: "/var/log/calico/cni/cni.log" is:</l>
                  <l>  - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - File: "/var/log/killercoda/background0_stdout.log" is:</l>
                  <l>  - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - File: "/var/log/killercoda/background0_stderr.log" is:</l>
                  <l>  - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_logfile_access_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Results:</li>
                              <li> ** Fail **</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - File: "/var/log/dpkg.log" is:</li>
                              <li>  - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - File: "/var/log/ubuntu-advantage-timer.log" is:</li>
                              <li>  - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - File: "/var/log/dmesg.0" is:</li>
                              <li>  - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - File: "/var/log/apt/eipp.log.xz" is:</li>
                              <li>  - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - File: "/var/log/apt/history.log" is:</li>
                              <li>  - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - File: "/var/log/alternatives.log" is:</li>
                              <li>  - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - File: "/var/log/dmesg" is:</li>
                              <li>  - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - File: "/var/log/unattended-upgrades/unattended-upgrades-shutdown.log" is:</li>
                              <li>  - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - File: "/var/log/calico/cni/cni.log" is:</li>
                              <li>  - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - File: "/var/log/killercoda/background0_stdout.log" is:</li>
                              <li>  - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - File: "/var/log/killercoda/background0_stderr.log" is:</li>
                              <li>  - Mode: "0644" should be "640" or more restrictive</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                      References:

                      • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2

                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                      • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                        Subcontrol: 14.6
                        Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                        Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                        • >

                      CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                      • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                        Safeguard: 3.3
                        Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                        Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                        Implementation Group: IG-1
                        Security Function: Protect
                        • >

                      Back to Summary

                      5.2 Configure System Accounting (auditd)

                      The Linux Auditing System operates on a set of rules that collects certain types of system activity to facilitate incident investigation, detect unauthorized access or modification of data. By default events will be logged to /var/log/audit/audit.log , which can be configured in /etc/audit/auditd.conf .

                      The following types of audit rules can be specified:

                      • Control rules: Configuration of the auditing system.
                      • File system rules: Allow the auditing of access to a particular file or a directory. Also known as file watches.
                      • System call rules: Allow logging of system calls that any specified program makes.

                      Audit rules can be set:

                      • On the command line using the auditctl utility. These rules are not persistent across reboots.
                      • In /etc/audit/audit.rules . These rules have to be merged and loaded before they are active.

                      Notes:

                      • For 64 bit systems that have arch as a rule parameter, you will need two rules: one for 64 bit and one for 32 bit systems calls. For 32 bit systems, only one rule is needed.
                      • If the auditing system is configured to be locked ( -e 2 ), a system reboot will be required in order to load any changes.
                      • Key names are optional on the rules and will not be used as a compliance auditing. The usage of key names is highly recommended as it facilitates organisation and searching, as such, all remediation steps will have key names supplied.
                      • It is best practice to store the rules, in number prepended files, in /etc/audit/rules.d/ . Rules must end in a .rules suffix. This then requires the use of augenrules to merge all the rules into /etc/audit/audit.rules based on their their alphabetical (lexical) sort order. All benchmark recommendations follow this best practice for remediation, specifically using the prefix of 50 which is centre weighed if all rule sets make use of the number prepending naming convention.
                      • Your system may have been customized to change the default UID_MIN . All samples output uses 1000 , but this value will not be used in compliance auditing. To confirm the UID_MIN for your system, run the following command: awk '/^\s*UID_MIN/{print $2}' /etc/login.defs

                      Normalization

                      The Audit system normalizes some entries, so when you look at the sample output keep in mind that:

                      • With regards to users whose login UID is not set, the values -1 / unset / 4294967295 are equivalent and normalized to -1 .
                      • When comparing field types and both sides of the comparison is valid fields types, such as euid!=uid , then the auditing system may normalize such that the output is uid!=euid .
                      • Some parts of the rule may be rearranged whilst others are dependant on previous syntax. For example, the following two statements are the same:
                      -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S execve -C uid!=euid -F auid!=-1 -F key=user_emulation

                      and

                      -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -C euid!=uid -F auid!=unset -S execve -k user_emulation

                      Capacity planning

                      The recommendations in this section implement auditing policies that not only produces large quantities of logged data, but may also negatively impact system performance. Capacity planning is critical in order not to adversely impact production environments.

                      • Disk space. If a significantly large set of events are captured, additional on system or off system storage may need to be allocated. If the logs are not sent to a remote log server, ensure that log rotation is implemented else the disk will fill up and the system will halt. Even when logs are sent to a log server, ensure sufficient disk space to allow caching of logs in the case of temporary network outages.
                      • Disk IO. It is not just the amount of data collected that should be considered, but the rate at which logs are generated.
                      • CPU overhead. System call rules might incur considerable CPU overhead. Test the systems open/close syscalls per second with and without the rules to gauge the impact of the rules.

                      5.2.1 Ensure auditing is enabled

                      The capturing of system events provides system administrators with information to allow them to determine if unauthorized access to their system is occurring.

                      Fail

                      5.2.1.1 Ensure auditd is installed

                      Description:

                      auditd is the userspace component to the Linux Auditing System. It's responsible for writing audit records to the disk

                      The capturing of system events provides system administrators with information to allow them to determine if unauthorized access to their system is occurring.

                      Run the following command to Install auditd

                      # apt install auditd

                      Show Assessment Evidence
                      Complex Check
                      AND
                      Criterion: Ensure package name equals 'auditd' is installed
                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Fail
                      No matching system items were found.


                      Show Rule Result XML
                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.1.1_Ensure_auditd_is_installed"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.952Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-3, AU-12, SI-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994983"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994983">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994983"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure package name equals 'auditd' is installed</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                      References:

                      • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-3, AU-12, SI-5

                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.2
                        Label: Activate audit logging
                        Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices.
                        • >

                      CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                      • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Safeguard: 8.5
                        Label: Collect Detailed Audit Logs
                        Description: Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data. Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.
                        Implementation Group: IG-2
                        Security Function: Detect
                        • >

                      Back to Summary
                      Fail

                      5.2.1.2 Ensure auditd service is enabled and active

                      Description:

                      Turn on the auditd daemon to record system events.

                      The capturing of system events provides system administrators with information to allow them to determine if unauthorized access to their system is occurring.

                      Run the following command to enable and start auditd :

                      # systemctl --now enable auditd

                      Show Assessment Evidence
                      Complex Check
                      AND
                      Criterion: Ensure systemd 'auditd.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'enabled'
                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Fail
                      Systemdunitproperty Item
                      Name Type Status Value
                      Unit String Exists auditd.service
                      Property String Exists UnitFileState
                      Value String Exists No Value
                      Criterion: Ensure systemd 'auditd.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'active'
                      Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                      Item Check: All
                      Result: Fail
                      Systemdunitproperty Item
                      Name Type Status Value
                      Unit String Exists auditd.service
                      Property String Exists ActiveState
                      Value String Exists inactive


                      Show Rule Result XML
                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.1.2_Ensure_auditd_service_is_enabled_and_active"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.953Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-12, SI-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:3994986"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3994986_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994986"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994986">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994986"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure systemd 'auditd.service' unit 'UnitFileState' property equals 'enabled'</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Unit</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>auditd.service</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Property</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>UnitFileState</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Value</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:3994990"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3994990_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994990"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3994990">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3994990"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure systemd 'auditd.service' unit 'ActiveState' property equals 'active'</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Systemdunitproperty Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Unit</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>auditd.service</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Property</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>ActiveState</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Value</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>inactive</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                      References:

                      • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-12, SI-5

                      CIS Controls V7.0:

                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.2
                        Label: Activate audit logging
                        Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices.
                      • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Subcontrol: 6.3
                        Label: Enable Detailed Logging
                        Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
                        • >

                      CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                      • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                        CIS Control Information
                        Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                        Safeguard: 8.2
                        Label: Collect Audit Logs
                        Description: Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management process, has been enabled across enterprise assets.
                        Implementation Group: IG-1
                        Security Function: Detect
                        • >

                      Back to Summary
                      Fail

                      5.2.1.3 Ensure auditing for processes that start prior to auditd is enabled

                      Description:

                      Configure grub2 so that processes that are capable of being audited can be audited even if they start up prior to auditd startup.

                      Audit events need to be captured on processes that start up prior to auditd , so that potential malicious activity cannot go undetected.

                      Edit /etc/default/grub and add audit=1 to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX :

                      Example:

                      GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="audit=1"

                      Run the following command to update the grub2 configuration:

                      # update-grub

                      Show Assessment Evidence
                      Complex Check
                      AND
                      Script: sce/nix_grub_option_exist_chk.sh
                      Result: Fail
                      Exit Value: 102
                      Output:
                      • - Audit Result:
                      • ** FAIL **
                      • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                      • - Grub parameter: "audit=1" is not set
                      Errors:
                      • grep: /boot/loader/entries/*: No such file or directory


                      Show Rule Result XML
                      <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.1.3_Ensure_auditing_for_processes_that_start_prior_to_auditd_is_enabled"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.953Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3994995_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_grub_option_exist_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_grub_option_exist_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_grub_option_exist_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - Grub parameter: "audit=1" is not set</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err>
                  <l>grep: /boot/loader/entries/*: No such file or directory</l>
               </err>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_grub_option_exist_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - Grub parameter: "audit=1" is not set</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul>
                              <li>grep: /boot/loader/entries/*: No such file or directory</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                      References:

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Subcontrol: 6.2
                          Label: Activate audit logging
                          Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Safeguard: 8.2
                          Label: Collect Audit Logs
                          Description: Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management process, has been enabled across enterprise assets.
                          Implementation Group: IG-1
                          Security Function: Detect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Fail

                        5.2.1.4 Ensure audit_backlog_limit is sufficient

                        Description:

                        In the kernel-level audit subsystem, a socket buffer queue is used to hold audit events. Whenever a new audit event is received, it is logged and prepared to be added to this queue.

                        The kernel boot parameter audit_backlog_limit=N , with N representing the amount of messages, will ensure that a queue cannot grow beyond a certain size. If an audit event is logged which would grow the queue beyond this limit, then a failure occurs and is handled according to the system configuration

                        If an audit event is logged which would grow the queue beyond the audit_backlog_limit , then a failure occurs, auditd records will be lost, and potential malicious activity could go undetected.

                        Edit /etc/default/grub and add audit_backlog_limit=N to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX. The recommended size for N is 8192 or larger.

                        Example:

                        GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="audit_backlog_limit=8192"

                        Run the following command to update the grub2 configuration:

                        # update-grub

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Script: sce/nix_grub_option_exist_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • - Audit Result:
                        • ** FAIL **
                        • - Reason(s) for audit failure:
                        • - Grub parameter: "audit_backlog_limit=\d+" is not set
                        Errors:
                        • grep: /boot/loader/entries/*: No such file or directory


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.1.4_Ensure_audit_backlog_limit_is_sufficient"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.953Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-3, AU-12</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3994998_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_grub_option_exist_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_grub_option_exist_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_grub_option_exist_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - Grub parameter: "audit_backlog_limit=\d+" is not set</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err>
                  <l>grep: /boot/loader/entries/*: No such file or directory</l>
               </err>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_grub_option_exist_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - Reason(s) for audit failure:</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - Grub parameter: "audit_backlog_limit=\d+" is not set</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul>
                              <li>grep: /boot/loader/entries/*: No such file or directory</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-3, AU-12

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Subcontrol: 6.2
                          Label: Activate audit logging
                          Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices.
                        • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Subcontrol: 6.3
                          Label: Enable Detailed Logging
                          Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Safeguard: 8.2
                          Label: Collect Audit Logs
                          Description: Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management process, has been enabled across enterprise assets.
                          Implementation Group: IG-1
                          Security Function: Detect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary

                        5.2.2 Configure Data Retention

                        When auditing, it is important to carefully configure the storage requirements for audit logs. By default, auditd will max out the log files at 5MB and retain only 4 copies of them. Older versions will be deleted. It is possible on a system that the 20 MBs of audit logs may fill up the system causing loss of audit data. While the recommendations here provide guidance, check your site policy for audit storage requirements.

                        Fail

                        5.2.2.1 Ensure audit log storage size is configured

                        Description:

                        Configure the maximum size of the audit log file. Once the log reaches the maximum size, it will be rotated and a new log file will be started.

                        It is important that an appropriate size is determined for log files so that they do not impact the system and audit data is not lost.

                        Set the following parameter in /etc/audit/auditd.conf in accordance with site policy:

                        max_log_file = <MB>

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/audit/auditd.conf exists and matches pattern ^\h*max_log_file\h*=\h*\d+\b.*$
                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Fail
                        No matching system items were found.


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.2.1_Ensure_audit_log_storage_size_is_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.953Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-8</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995002"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995002">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995002"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/audit/auditd.conf exists and matches pattern ^\h*max_log_file\h*=\h*\d+\b.*$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-8

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Subcontrol: 6.4
                          Label: Ensure adequate storage for logs
                          Description: Ensure that all systems that store logs have adequate storage space for the logs generated.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Safeguard: 8.3
                          Label: Ensure Adequate Audit Log Storage
                          Description: Ensure that logging destinations maintain adequate storage to comply with the enterprise's audit log management process.
                          Implementation Group: IG-1
                          Security Function: Protect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Fail

                        5.2.2.2 Ensure audit logs are not automatically deleted

                        Description:

                        The max_log_file_action setting determines how to handle the audit log file reaching the max file size. A value of keep_logs will rotate the logs but never delete old logs.

                        In high security contexts, the benefits of maintaining a long audit history exceed the cost of storing the audit history.

                        Set the following parameter in /etc/audit/auditd.conf:

                        max_log_file_action = keep_logs

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/audit/auditd.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*max_log_file_action\s*=\s*keep_logs\s*(\s+#.*)?$
                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Fail
                        No matching system items were found.


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.2.2_Ensure_audit_logs_are_not_automatically_deleted"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.953Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-8</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995003"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995003">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995003"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/audit/auditd.conf exists and matches pattern ^\s*max_log_file_action\s*=\s*keep_logs\s*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-8

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Subcontrol: 6.4
                          Label: Ensure adequate storage for logs
                          Description: Ensure that all systems that store logs have adequate storage space for the logs generated.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Safeguard: 8.3
                          Label: Ensure Adequate Audit Log Storage
                          Description: Ensure that logging destinations maintain adequate storage to comply with the enterprise's audit log management process.
                          Implementation Group: IG-1
                          Security Function: Protect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Fail

                        5.2.2.3 Ensure system is disabled when audit logs are full

                        Description:

                        The auditd daemon can be configured to halt the system when the audit logs are full.

                        The admin_space_left_action parameter tells the system what action to take when the system has detected that it is low on disk space. Valid values are ignore, syslog, suspend, single, and halt.

                        • ignore , the audit daemon does nothing
                        • Syslog , the audit daemon will issue a warning to syslog
                        • Suspend , the audit daemon will stop writing records to the disk
                        • single , the audit daemon will put the computer system in single user mode
                        • halt , the audit daemon will shutdown the system

                        In high security contexts, the risk of detecting unauthorized access or nonrepudiation exceeds the benefit of the system's availability.

                        Set the following parameters in /etc/audit/auditd.conf:

                        space_left_action = email

                        action_mail_acct = root

                        set admin_space_left_action to either haltorsingle in /etc/audit/auditd.conf .

                        Example:

                        admin_space_left_action = halt

                        Impact:

                        If the admin_space_left_action parameter is set to halt the audit daemon will shutdown the system when the disk partition containing the audit logs becomes full.

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/audit/auditd.conf exists and matches pattern ^\h*space_left_action\h*=\h*email\b.*$
                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Fail
                        No matching system items were found.
                        Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/audit/auditd.conf exists and matches pattern ^\h*action_mail_acct\h*=\h*root\b.*$
                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Fail
                        No matching system items were found.
                        Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/audit/auditd.conf exists and matches pattern ^\h*admin_space_left_action\h*=\h*(halt|single)\b.*$
                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Fail
                        No matching system items were found.


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.2.3_Ensure_system_is_disabled_when_audit_logs_are_full"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.953Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-8, AU-12, SI-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995007"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995007">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995007"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/audit/auditd.conf exists and matches pattern ^\h*space_left_action\h*=\h*email\b.*$</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995009"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995009">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995009"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/audit/auditd.conf exists and matches pattern ^\h*action_mail_acct\h*=\h*root\b.*$</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995012"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995012">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995012"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/audit/auditd.conf exists and matches pattern ^\h*admin_space_left_action\h*=\h*(halt|single)\b.*$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-8, AU-12, SI-5

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Subcontrol: 6.4
                          Label: Ensure adequate storage for logs
                          Description: Ensure that all systems that store logs have adequate storage space for the logs generated.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Safeguard: 8.2
                          Label: Collect Audit Logs
                          Description: Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management process, has been enabled across enterprise assets.
                          Implementation Group: IG-1
                          Security Function: Detect
                        • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Safeguard: 8.3
                          Label: Ensure Adequate Audit Log Storage
                          Description: Ensure that logging destinations maintain adequate storage to comply with the enterprise's audit log management process.
                          Implementation Group: IG-1
                          Security Function: Protect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary

                        5.2.3 Configure auditd rules

                        The Audit system operates on a set of rules that define what is to be captured in the log files.

                        The following types of Audit rules can be specified:

                        • Control rules: Allow the Audit system's behavior and some of its configuration to be modified.
                        • File system rules: Allow the auditing of access to a particular file or a directory. (Also known as file watches)
                        • System call rules: Allow logging of system calls that any specified program makes.

                        Audit rules can be set:

                        • on the command line using the auditctl utility. Note that these rules are not persistent across reboots.
                        • in a file ending in .rules in the /etc/audit/audit.d/ directory.
                        Fail

                        5.2.3.1 Ensure changes to system administration scope (sudoers) is collected

                        Description:

                        Monitor scope changes for system administrators. If the system has been properly configured to force system administrators to log in as themselves first and then use the sudo command to execute privileged commands, it is possible to monitor changes in scope. The file /etc/sudoers , or files in /etc/sudoers.d , will be written to when the file(s) or related attributes have changed. The audit records will be tagged with the identifier "scope".

                        Changes in the /etc/sudoers and /etc/sudoers.d files can indicate that an unauthorized change has been made to the scope of system administrator activity.

                        Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory, ending in .rules extension, with the relevant rules to monitor scope changes for system administrators.

                        Example:

                        # printf "

                        -w /etc/sudoers -p wa -k scope

                        -w /etc/sudoers.d -p wa -k scope

                        " >> /etc/audit/rules.d/50-scope.rules

                        Merge and load the rules into active configuration:

                        # augenrules --load

                        Check if reboot is required.

                        # if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to load rules\n"; fi

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/sudoers\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/sudoers\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/sudoers.d\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/sudoers.d\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.1_Ensure_changes_to_system_administration_scope_sudoers_is_collected"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.953Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995015_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>FAILED</l>
                  <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                  <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/sudoers\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                  <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/sudoers\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
               </err>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>FAILED</li>
                              <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                              <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/sudoers\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                              <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/sudoers\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995017_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>FAILED</l>
                  <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                  <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/sudoers.d\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                  <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/sudoers.d\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
               </err>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>FAILED</li>
                              <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                              <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/sudoers.d\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                              <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/sudoers.d\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications.
                          Subcontrol: 4.8
                          Label: Log and Alert on Changes to Administrative Group Membership
                          Description: Configure systems to issue a log entry and alert when an account is added to or removed from any group assigned administrative privileges.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Safeguard: 8.5
                          Label: Collect Detailed Audit Logs
                          Description: Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data. Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.
                          Implementation Group: IG-2
                          Security Function: Detect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Fail

                        5.2.3.2 Ensure actions as another user are always logged

                        Description:

                        sudo provides users with temporary elevated privileges to perform operations, either as the superuser or another user.

                        Creating an audit log of users with temporary elevated privileges and the operation(s) they performed is essential to reporting. Administrators will want to correlate the events written to the audit trail with the records written to sudo 's logfile to verify if unauthorized commands have been executed.

                        Create audit rules

                        Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory, ending in .rules extension, with the relevant rules to monitor elevated privileges.

                        64 Bit systems

                        Example:

                        # printf "

                        -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -C euid!=uid -F auid!=unset -S execve -k user_emulation

                        -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -C euid!=uid -F auid!=unset -S execve -k user_emulation

                        " >> /etc/audit/rules.d/50-user_emulation.rules

                        Load audit rules

                        Merge and load the rules into active configuration:

                        # augenrules --load

                        Check if reboot is required.

                        # if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to load rules\n"; fi
                        32 Bit systems

                        Follow the same procedures as for 64 bit systems and ignore any entries with b64 .

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h*arch=b32\h*(?!(?:\2\3))((?:-C\h+(?:euid!=uid|uid!=euid)\h*)|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*)|-S\h+execve\h*)(?!(?:\1\3))((?:-C\h+(?:euid!=uid|uid!=euid)\h*)|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*)|-S\h+execve\h*)(?!(?:\1\2))((?:-C\h+(?:euid!=uid|uid!=euid)\h*)|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*)|-S\h+execve\h*)(?:-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#[^
                        • ]+)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h*arch=b32\h*(?!(?:\2\3))((?:-C\h+(?:euid!=uid|uid!=euid)\h*)|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*)|-S\h+execve\h*)(?!(?:\1\3))((?:-C\h+(?:euid!=uid|uid!=euid)\h*)|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*)|-S\h+execve\h*)(?!(?:\1\2))((?:-C\h+(?:euid!=uid|uid!=euid)\h*)|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*)|-S\h+execve\h*)(?:-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#[^
                        • ]+)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h*arch=b64\h*(?!(?:\2\3))((?:-C\h+(?:euid!=uid|uid!=euid)\h*)|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*)|-S\h+execve\h*)(?!(?:\1\3))((?:-C\h+(?:euid!=uid|uid!=euid)\h*)|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*)|-S\h+execve\h*)(?!(?:\1\2))((?:-C\h+(?:euid!=uid|uid!=euid)\h*)|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*)|-S\h+execve\h*)(?:-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#[^
                        • ]+)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h*arch=b64\h*(?!(?:\2\3))((?:-C\h+(?:euid!=uid|uid!=euid)\h*)|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*)|-S\h+execve\h*)(?!(?:\1\3))((?:-C\h+(?:euid!=uid|uid!=euid)\h*)|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*)|-S\h+execve\h*)(?!(?:\1\2))((?:-C\h+(?:euid!=uid|uid!=euid)\h*)|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*)|-S\h+execve\h*)(?:-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#[^
                        • ]+)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.2_Ensure_actions_as_another_user_are_always_logged"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.953Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/9"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995020_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>FAILED</l>
                  <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                  <l>"^\h*-a\h+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h*arch=b32\h*(?!(?:\2\3))((?:-C\h+(?:euid!=uid|uid!=euid)\h*)|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*)|-S\h+execve\h*)(?!(?:\1\3))((?:-C\h+(?:euid!=uid|uid!=euid)\h*)|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*)|-S\h+execve\h*)(?!(?:\1\2))((?:-C\h+(?:euid!=uid|uid!=euid)\h*)|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*)|-S\h+execve\h*)(?:-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#[^</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>]+)?$"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                  <l>"^\h*-a\h+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h*arch=b32\h*(?!(?:\2\3))((?:-C\h+(?:euid!=uid|uid!=euid)\h*)|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*)|-S\h+execve\h*)(?!(?:\1\3))((?:-C\h+(?:euid!=uid|uid!=euid)\h*)|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*)|-S\h+execve\h*)(?!(?:\1\2))((?:-C\h+(?:euid!=uid|uid!=euid)\h*)|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*)|-S\h+execve\h*)(?:-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#[^</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>]+)?$"</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
               </err>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>FAILED</li>
                              <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                              <li>"^\h*-a\h+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h*arch=b32\h*(?!(?:\2\3))((?:-C\h+(?:euid!=uid|uid!=euid)\h*)|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*)|-S\h+execve\h*)(?!(?:\1\3))((?:-C\h+(?:euid!=uid|uid!=euid)\h*)|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*)|-S\h+execve\h*)(?!(?:\1\2))((?:-C\h+(?:euid!=uid|uid!=euid)\h*)|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*)|-S\h+execve\h*)(?:-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#[^</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>]+)?$"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                              <li>"^\h*-a\h+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h*arch=b32\h*(?!(?:\2\3))((?:-C\h+(?:euid!=uid|uid!=euid)\h*)|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*)|-S\h+execve\h*)(?!(?:\1\3))((?:-C\h+(?:euid!=uid|uid!=euid)\h*)|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*)|-S\h+execve\h*)(?!(?:\1\2))((?:-C\h+(?:euid!=uid|uid!=euid)\h*)|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*)|-S\h+execve\h*)(?:-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#[^</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>]+)?$"</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995022_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>FAILED</l>
                  <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                  <l>"^\h*-a\h+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h*arch=b64\h*(?!(?:\2\3))((?:-C\h+(?:euid!=uid|uid!=euid)\h*)|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*)|-S\h+execve\h*)(?!(?:\1\3))((?:-C\h+(?:euid!=uid|uid!=euid)\h*)|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*)|-S\h+execve\h*)(?!(?:\1\2))((?:-C\h+(?:euid!=uid|uid!=euid)\h*)|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*)|-S\h+execve\h*)(?:-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#[^</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>]+)?$"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                  <l>"^\h*-a\h+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h*arch=b64\h*(?!(?:\2\3))((?:-C\h+(?:euid!=uid|uid!=euid)\h*)|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*)|-S\h+execve\h*)(?!(?:\1\3))((?:-C\h+(?:euid!=uid|uid!=euid)\h*)|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*)|-S\h+execve\h*)(?!(?:\1\2))((?:-C\h+(?:euid!=uid|uid!=euid)\h*)|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*)|-S\h+execve\h*)(?:-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#[^</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>]+)?$"</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
               </err>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>FAILED</li>
                              <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                              <li>"^\h*-a\h+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h*arch=b64\h*(?!(?:\2\3))((?:-C\h+(?:euid!=uid|uid!=euid)\h*)|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*)|-S\h+execve\h*)(?!(?:\1\3))((?:-C\h+(?:euid!=uid|uid!=euid)\h*)|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*)|-S\h+execve\h*)(?!(?:\1\2))((?:-C\h+(?:euid!=uid|uid!=euid)\h*)|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*)|-S\h+execve\h*)(?:-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#[^</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>]+)?$"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                              <li>"^\h*-a\h+(?:always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h*arch=b64\h*(?!(?:\2\3))((?:-C\h+(?:euid!=uid|uid!=euid)\h*)|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*)|-S\h+execve\h*)(?!(?:\1\3))((?:-C\h+(?:euid!=uid|uid!=euid)\h*)|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*)|-S\h+execve\h*)(?!(?:\1\2))((?:-C\h+(?:euid!=uid|uid!=euid)\h*)|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*)|-S\h+execve\h*)(?:-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#[^</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>]+)?$"</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications.
                          Subcontrol: 4.9
                          Label: Log and Alert on Unsuccessful Administrative Account Login
                          Description: Configure systems to issue a log entry and alert on unsuccessful logins to an administrative account.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Safeguard: 8.5
                          Label: Collect Detailed Audit Logs
                          Description: Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data. Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.
                          Implementation Group: IG-2
                          Security Function: Detect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Fail

                        5.2.3.3 Ensure events that modify the sudo log file are collected

                        Description:

                        Monitor the sudo log file. If the system has been properly configured to disable the use of the su command and force all administrators to have to log in first and then use sudo to execute privileged commands, then all administrator commands will be logged to /var/log/sudo.log . Any time a command is executed, an audit event will be triggered as the /var/log/sudo.log file will be opened for write and the executed administration command will be written to the log.

                        Changes in /var/log/sudo.log indicate that an administrator has executed a command or the log file itself has been tampered with. Administrators will want to correlate the events written to the audit trail with the records written to /var/log/sudo.log to verify if unauthorized commands have been executed.

                        Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory, ending in .rules extension, with the relevant rules to monitor events that modify the sudo log file.

                        Example:

                        # {

                        SUDO_LOG_FILE=$(grep -r logfile /etc/sudoers* | sed -e 's/.*logfile=//;s/,? .*//' -e 's/"//g')

                        [ -n "${SUDO_LOG_FILE}" ] && printf "

                        -w ${SUDO_LOG_FILE} -p wa -k sudo_log_file

                        " >> /etc/audit/rules.d/50-sudo.rules || printf "ERROR: Variable 'SUDO_LOG_FILE_ESCAPED' is unset.\n"

                        }

                        Merge and load the rules into active configuration:

                        # augenrules --load

                        Check if reboot is required.

                        # if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to load rules\n"; fi

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Script: sce/auditd_sudo_logfile.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • logfile not set in a file in the /etc/sudoers/ directory
                        • Audit rule not in the running auditd config
                        • Audit rule not in the a rule file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory
                        No error lines were collected.


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.3_Ensure_events_that_modify_the_sudo_log_file_are_collected"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.953Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/9"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/auditd_sudo_logfile.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/auditd_sudo_logfile.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_sudo_logfile.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>logfile not set in a file in the /etc/sudoers/ directory</l>
                  <l>Audit rule  not in the running auditd config</l>
                  <l>Audit rule  not in the a rule file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/auditd_sudo_logfile.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>logfile not set in a file in the /etc/sudoers/ directory</li>
                              <li>Audit rule  not in the running auditd config</li>
                              <li>Audit rule  not in the a rule file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications.
                          Subcontrol: 4.9
                          Label: Log and Alert on Unsuccessful Administrative Account Login
                          Description: Configure systems to issue a log entry and alert on unsuccessful logins to an administrative account.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Safeguard: 8.5
                          Label: Collect Detailed Audit Logs
                          Description: Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data. Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.
                          Implementation Group: IG-2
                          Security Function: Detect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Fail

                        5.2.3.4 Ensure events that modify date and time information are collected

                        Description:

                        Capture events where the system date and/or time has been modified. The parameters in this section are set to determine if the;

                        • adjtimex - tune kernel clock
                        • settimeofday - set time using timeval and timezone structures
                        • stime - using seconds since 1/1/1970
                        • clock_settime - allows for the setting of several internal clocks and timers

                        system calls have been executed. Further, ensure to write an audit record to the configured audit log file upon exit, tagging the records with a unique identifier such as "time-change".

                        Unexpected changes in system date and/or time could be a sign of malicious activity on the system.

                        Create audit rules

                        Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory, ending in .rules extension, with the relevant rules to monitor events that modify date and time information.

                        64 Bit systems

                        Example:

                        # printf "

                        -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S adjtimex,settimeofday,clock_settime -k time-change

                        -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S adjtimex,settimeofday,clock_settime -k time-change

                        -w /etc/localtime -p wa -k time-change

                        " >> /etc/audit/rules.d/50-time-change.rules

                        Load audit rules

                        Merge and load the rules into active configuration:

                        # augenrules --load

                        Check if reboot is required.

                        # if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to load rules\n"; fi
                        32 Bit systems

                        Follow the same procedures as for 64 bit systems and ignore any entries with b64 . In addition, add stime to the system call audit. Example:

                        -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S adjtimex,settimeofday,clock_settime,stime -k time-change

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/localtime\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/localtime\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • audit rule for syscall: "adjtimex" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "settimeofday" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "clock_settime" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "adjtimex" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "settimeofday" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "clock_settime" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        Errors:
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • audit rule for syscall: "adjtimex" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "settimeofday" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "clock_settime" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "adjtimex" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "settimeofday" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "clock_settime" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        Errors:
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        Complex Check
                        OR
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • audit rule for syscall: "adjtimex" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "settimeofday" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "clock_settime" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "stime" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "adjtimex" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "settimeofday" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "clock_settime" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "stime" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        Errors:
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/arch64_chk.sh
                        Result: Pass
                        Exit Value: 101
                        No output lines were collected.
                        No error lines were collected.


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.4_Ensure_events_that_modify_date_and_time_information_are_collected"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.954Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, CM-6</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995029_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                  xccdf="fail"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                  exit-value="102">
                     <out>
                        <l>FAILED</l>
                        <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                        <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/localtime\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                        <l/>
                        <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                        <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/localtime\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                        <l/>
                     </out>
                     <err>
                        <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
                     </err>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>102</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li>FAILED</li>
                                    <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                                    <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/localtime\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                    <li/>
                                    <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                                    <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/localtime\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                    <li/>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul>
                                    <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995033_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"
                                  xccdf="fail"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"
                                  exit-value="102">
                     <out>
                        <l>FAILED</l>
                        <l/>
                        <l>audit rule for syscall: "adjtimex" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                        <l>audit rule for syscall: "settimeofday" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                        <l>audit rule for syscall: "clock_settime" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                        <l/>
                        <l>audit rule for syscall: "adjtimex" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                        <l>audit rule for syscall: "settimeofday" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                        <l>audit rule for syscall: "clock_settime" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                     </out>
                     <err>
                        <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                        <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                        <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                        <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                        <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                        <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                     </err>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>102</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li>FAILED</li>
                                    <li/>
                                    <li>audit rule for syscall: "adjtimex" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                    <li>audit rule for syscall: "settimeofday" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                    <li>audit rule for syscall: "clock_settime" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                    <li/>
                                    <li>audit rule for syscall: "adjtimex" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                                    <li>audit rule for syscall: "settimeofday" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                                    <li>audit rule for syscall: "clock_settime" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul>
                                    <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                    <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                    <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                    <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                    <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                    <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995035_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"
                               xccdf="fail"
                               script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"
                               exit-value="102">
                  <out>
                     <l>FAILED</l>
                     <l/>
                     <l>audit rule for syscall: "adjtimex" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                     <l>audit rule for syscall: "settimeofday" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                     <l>audit rule for syscall: "clock_settime" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                     <l/>
                     <l>audit rule for syscall: "adjtimex" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                     <l>audit rule for syscall: "settimeofday" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                     <l>audit rule for syscall: "clock_settime" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                  </out>
                  <err>
                     <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                     <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                     <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                     <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                     <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                     <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  </err>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>102</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li>FAILED</li>
                                 <li/>
                                 <li>audit rule for syscall: "adjtimex" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                 <li>audit rule for syscall: "settimeofday" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                 <li>audit rule for syscall: "clock_settime" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                 <li/>
                                 <li>audit rule for syscall: "adjtimex" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                                 <li>audit rule for syscall: "settimeofday" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                                 <li>audit rule for syscall: "clock_settime" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul>
                                 <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                 <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                 <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                 <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                 <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                 <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995040_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"
                               xccdf="fail"
                               script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"
                               exit-value="102">
                  <out>
                     <l>FAILED</l>
                     <l/>
                     <l>audit rule for syscall: "adjtimex" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                     <l>audit rule for syscall: "settimeofday" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                     <l>audit rule for syscall: "clock_settime" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                     <l>audit rule for syscall: "stime" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                     <l/>
                     <l>audit rule for syscall: "adjtimex" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                     <l>audit rule for syscall: "settimeofday" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                     <l>audit rule for syscall: "clock_settime" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                     <l>audit rule for syscall: "stime" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                  </out>
                  <err>
                     <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                     <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                     <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                     <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                     <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                     <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                     <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                     <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  </err>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>102</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li>FAILED</li>
                                 <li/>
                                 <li>audit rule for syscall: "adjtimex" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                 <li>audit rule for syscall: "settimeofday" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                 <li>audit rule for syscall: "clock_settime" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                 <li>audit rule for syscall: "stime" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                 <li/>
                                 <li>audit rule for syscall: "adjtimex" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                                 <li>audit rule for syscall: "settimeofday" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                                 <li>audit rule for syscall: "clock_settime" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                                 <li>audit rule for syscall: "stime" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul>
                                 <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                 <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                 <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                 <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                 <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                 <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                 <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                 <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/arch64_chk.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/arch64_chk.sh"
                               xccdf="pass"
                               script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/arch64_chk.sh"
                               exit-value="101">
                  <out/>
                  <err/>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/arch64_chk.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>101</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No output lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, CM-6

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                          Subcontrol: 5.5
                          Label: Implement Automated Configuration Monitoring Systems
                          Description: Utilize a Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) compliant configuration monitoring system to verify all security configuration elements, catalog approved exceptions, and alert when unauthorized changes occur.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Safeguard: 8.5
                          Label: Collect Detailed Audit Logs
                          Description: Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data. Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.
                          Implementation Group: IG-2
                          Security Function: Detect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Fail

                        5.2.3.5 Ensure events that modify the system's network environment are collected

                        Description:

                        Record changes to network environment files or system calls. The below parameters monitors the following system calls, and write an audit event on system call exit:

                        • sethostname - set the systems host name
                        • setdomainname - set the systems domain name

                        The files being monitored are:

                        • /etc/issue and /etc/issue.net - messages displayed pre-login
                        • /etc/hosts - file containing host names and associated IP addresses
                        • /etc/networks - symbolic names for networks
                        • /etc/network/ - directory containing network interface scripts and configurations files

                        Monitoring sethostname and setdomainname will identify potential unauthorized changes to host and domainname of a system. The changing of these names could potentially break security parameters that are set based on those names. The /etc/hosts file is monitored for changes that can indicate an unauthorized intruder is trying to change machine associations with IP addresses and trick users and processes into connecting to unintended machines. Monitoring /etc/issue and /etc/issue.net is important, as intruders could put disinformation into those files and trick users into providing information to the intruder. Monitoring /etc/network is important as it can show if network interfaces or scripts are being modified in a way that can lead to the machine becoming unavailable or compromised. All audit records should have a relevant tag associated with them.

                        Create audit rules

                        Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory, ending in .rules extension, with the relevant rules to monitor events that modify the system's network environment.

                        64 Bit systems

                        Example:

                        # printf "

                        -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S sethostname,setdomainname -k system-locale

                        -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S sethostname,setdomainname -k system-locale

                        -w /etc/issue -p wa -k system-locale

                        -w /etc/issue.net -p wa -k system-locale

                        -w /etc/hosts -p wa -k system-locale

                        -w /etc/networks -p wa -k system-locale

                        -w /etc/network/ -p wa -k system-locale

                        " >> /etc/audit/rules.d/50-system_locale.rules

                        Load audit rules

                        Merge and load the rules into active configuration:

                        # augenrules --load

                        Check if reboot is required.

                        # if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to load rules\n"; fi
                        32 Bit systems

                        Follow the same procedures as for 64 bit systems and ignore any entries with b64 .

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/issue\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/issue\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/issue\.net\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/issue\.net\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/hosts\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/hosts\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/network\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/network\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/networks\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/networks\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • audit rule for syscall: "sethostname" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "setdomainname" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "sethostname" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "setdomainname" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        Errors:
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • audit rule for syscall: "sethostname" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "setdomainname" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "sethostname" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "setdomainname" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        Errors:
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.5_Ensure_events_that_modify_the_systems_network_environment_are_collected"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.955Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, CM-6</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
               <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
                  <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
                     <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                                  negate="false"
                                  multi-check="false">
                        <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                            value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995047_var"/>
                        <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
                        <xccdf:check-content>
                           <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                           xccdf="fail"
                                           script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                           exit-value="102">
                              <out>
                                 <l>FAILED</l>
                                 <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                                 <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/issue\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                                 <l/>
                                 <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                                 <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/issue\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                                 <l/>
                              </out>
                              <err>
                                 <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
                              </err>
                              <env/>
                           </command_result>
                        </xccdf:check-content>
                        <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                           <div class="sce">
                              <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                                       <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                       <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                                       <td>102</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                              <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                                       <td>
                                          <ul class="unstyled">
                                             <li>FAILED</li>
                                             <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                                             <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/issue\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                             <li/>
                                             <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                                             <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/issue\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                             <li/>
                                          </ul>
                                       </td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                              <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                                       <td>
                                          <ul>
                                             <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                          </ul>
                                       </td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                           </div>
                        </evidence>
                     </xccdf:check>
                     <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                                  negate="false"
                                  multi-check="false">
                        <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                            value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995048_var"/>
                        <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
                        <xccdf:check-content>
                           <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                           xccdf="fail"
                                           script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                           exit-value="102">
                              <out>
                                 <l>FAILED</l>
                                 <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                                 <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/issue\.net\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                                 <l/>
                                 <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                                 <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/issue\.net\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                                 <l/>
                              </out>
                              <err>
                                 <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
                              </err>
                              <env/>
                           </command_result>
                        </xccdf:check-content>
                        <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                           <div class="sce">
                              <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                                       <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                       <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                                       <td>102</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                              <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                                       <td>
                                          <ul class="unstyled">
                                             <li>FAILED</li>
                                             <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                                             <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/issue\.net\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                             <li/>
                                             <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                                             <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/issue\.net\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                             <li/>
                                          </ul>
                                       </td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                              <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                                       <td>
                                          <ul>
                                             <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                          </ul>
                                       </td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                           </div>
                        </evidence>
                     </xccdf:check>
                  </xccdf:complex-check>
                  <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                               negate="false"
                               multi-check="false">
                     <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                         value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995051_var"/>
                     <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
                     <xccdf:check-content>
                        <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                        xccdf="fail"
                                        script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                        exit-value="102">
                           <out>
                              <l>FAILED</l>
                              <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                              <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/hosts\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                              <l/>
                              <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                              <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/hosts\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                              <l/>
                           </out>
                           <err>
                              <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
                           </err>
                           <env/>
                        </command_result>
                     </xccdf:check-content>
                     <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                        <div class="sce">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                                    <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                                    <td>102</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                                    <td>
                                       <ul class="unstyled">
                                          <li>FAILED</li>
                                          <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                                          <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/hosts\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                          <li/>
                                          <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                                          <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/hosts\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                          <li/>
                                       </ul>
                                    </td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                                    <td>
                                       <ul>
                                          <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                       </ul>
                                    </td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </evidence>
                  </xccdf:check>
               </xccdf:complex-check>
               <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                            negate="false"
                            multi-check="false">
                  <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                      value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995054_var"/>
                  <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
                  <xccdf:check-content>
                     <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                     xccdf="fail"
                                     script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                     exit-value="102">
                        <out>
                           <l>FAILED</l>
                           <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                           <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/network\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                           <l/>
                           <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                           <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/network\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                           <l/>
                        </out>
                        <err>
                           <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
                        </err>
                        <env/>
                     </command_result>
                  </xccdf:check-content>
                  <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                     <div class="sce">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                                 <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                                 <td>102</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                                 <td>
                                    <ul class="unstyled">
                                       <li>FAILED</li>
                                       <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                                       <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/network\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                       <li/>
                                       <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                                       <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/network\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                       <li/>
                                    </ul>
                                 </td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                                 <td>
                                    <ul>
                                       <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                    </ul>
                                 </td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </evidence>
               </xccdf:check>
            </xccdf:complex-check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995057_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                  xccdf="fail"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                  exit-value="102">
                     <out>
                        <l>FAILED</l>
                        <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                        <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/networks\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                        <l/>
                        <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                        <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/networks\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                        <l/>
                     </out>
                     <err>
                        <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
                     </err>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>102</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li>FAILED</li>
                                    <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                                    <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/networks\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                    <li/>
                                    <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                                    <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/networks\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                    <li/>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul>
                                    <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995059_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"
                               xccdf="fail"
                               script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"
                               exit-value="102">
                  <out>
                     <l>FAILED</l>
                     <l/>
                     <l>audit rule for syscall: "sethostname" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                     <l>audit rule for syscall: "setdomainname" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                     <l/>
                     <l>audit rule for syscall: "sethostname" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                     <l>audit rule for syscall: "setdomainname" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                  </out>
                  <err>
                     <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                     <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                     <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                     <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  </err>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>102</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li>FAILED</li>
                                 <li/>
                                 <li>audit rule for syscall: "sethostname" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                 <li>audit rule for syscall: "setdomainname" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                 <li/>
                                 <li>audit rule for syscall: "sethostname" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                                 <li>audit rule for syscall: "setdomainname" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul>
                                 <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                 <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                 <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                 <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995062_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>FAILED</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>audit rule for syscall: "sethostname" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                  <l>audit rule for syscall: "setdomainname" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>audit rule for syscall: "sethostname" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                  <l>audit rule for syscall: "setdomainname" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
               </out>
               <err>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
               </err>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>FAILED</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>audit rule for syscall: "sethostname" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                              <li>audit rule for syscall: "setdomainname" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>audit rule for syscall: "sethostname" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                              <li>audit rule for syscall: "setdomainname" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, CM-6

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                          Subcontrol: 5.5
                          Label: Implement Automated Configuration Monitoring Systems
                          Description: Utilize a Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) compliant configuration monitoring system to verify all security configuration elements, catalog approved exceptions, and alert when unauthorized changes occur.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Safeguard: 8.5
                          Label: Collect Detailed Audit Logs
                          Description: Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data. Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.
                          Implementation Group: IG-2
                          Security Function: Detect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Fail

                        5.2.3.6 Ensure use of privileged commands are collected

                        Description:

                        Monitor privileged programs, those that have the setuid and/or setgid bit set on execution, to determine if unprivileged users are running these commands.

                        Execution of privileged commands by non-privileged users could be an indication of someone trying to gain unauthorized access to the system.

                        Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory, ending in .rules extension, with the relevant rules to monitor the use of privileged commands.

                        Example:

                        # {

                        UID_MIN=$(awk '/^\s*UID_MIN/{print $2}' /etc/login.defs)

                        AUDIT_RULE_FILE="/etc/audit/rules.d/50-privileged.rules"

                        NEW_DATA=()

                        for PARTITION in $(findmnt -n -l -k -it $(awk '/nodev/ { print $2 }' /proc/filesystems | paste -sd,) | grep -Pv "noexec|nosuid" | awk '{print $1}'); do

                        readarray -t DATA < <(find "${PARTITION}" -xdev -perm /6000 -type f | awk -v UID_MIN=${UID_MIN} '{print "-a always,exit -F path=" $1 " -F perm=x -F auid>="UID_MIN" -F auid!=unset -k privileged" }')

                        for ENTRY in "${DATA[@]}"; do

                        NEW_DATA+=("${ENTRY}")

                        done

                        done

                        readarray &> /dev/null -t OLD_DATA < "${AUDIT_RULE_FILE}"

                        COMBINED_DATA=( "${OLD_DATA[@]}" "${NEW_DATA[@]}" )

                        printf '%s\n' "${COMBINED_DATA[@]}" | sort -u > "${AUDIT_RULE_FILE}"

                        }

                        Merge and load the rules into active configuration:

                        # augenrules --load

                        Check if reboot is required.

                        # if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to load rules\n"; fi

                        Special mount points

                        If there are any special mount points that are not visible by default from just scanning / , change the PARTITION variable to the appropriate partition and re-run the remediation.

                        Impact:

                        Both the audit and remediation section of this recommendation will traverse all mounted file systems that is not mounted with either noexec or nosuid mount options. If there are large file systems without these mount options, such traversal will be significantly detrimental to the performance of the system.

                        Before running either the audit or remediation section, inspect the output of the following command to determine exactly which file systems will be traversed:

                        # findmnt -n -l -k -it $(awk '/nodev/ { print $2 }' /proc/filesystems | paste -sd,) | grep -Pv "noexec|nosuid"

                        To exclude a particular file system due to adverse performance impacts, update the audit and remediation sections by adding a sufficiently unique string to the grep statement. The above command can be used to test the modified exclusions.

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Script: sce/auditd_privilieged_commands_rules_file.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • missing audit rule for file: "/opt/cni/bin/calico-ipam"
                        • missing audit rule for file: "/opt/cni/bin/install"
                        • missing audit rule for file: "/opt/cni/bin/calico"
                        • missing audit rule for file: "/var/lib/containerd/io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs/snapshots/47/fs/usr/bin/bird"
                        • missing audit rule for file: "/var/lib/containerd/io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs/snapshots/47/fs/usr/bin/calico-node"
                        • missing audit rule for file: "/var/lib/containerd/io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs/snapshots/47/fs/usr/bin/bird6"
                        • missing audit rule for file: "/var/lib/containerd/io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs/snapshots/47/fs/usr/bin/mountns"
                        • missing audit rule for file: "/var/lib/containerd/io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs/snapshots/104/fs/opt/cni/bin/calico-ipam"
                        • missing audit rule for file: "/var/lib/containerd/io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs/snapshots/104/fs/opt/cni/bin/install"
                        • missing audit rule for file: "/var/lib/containerd/io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs/snapshots/104/fs/opt/cni/bin/calico"
                        • missing audit rule for file: "/usr/lib/eject/dmcrypt-get-device"
                        • missing audit rule for file: "/usr/lib/openssh/ssh-keysign"
                        • missing audit rule for file: "/usr/lib/snapd/snap-confine"
                        • missing audit rule for file: "/usr/lib/dbus-1.0/dbus-daemon-launch-helper"
                        • missing audit rule for file: "/usr/lib/policykit-1/polkit-agent-helper-1"
                        • missing audit rule for file: "/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/utempter/utempter"
                        • missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/newuidmap"
                        • missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/fusermount3"
                        • missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/newgidmap"
                        • missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/gpasswd"
                        • missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/passwd"
                        • missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/pkexec"
                        • missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/mount"
                        • missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/bsd-write"
                        • missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/crontab"
                        • missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/su"
                        • missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/expiry"
                        • missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/umount"
                        • missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/chfn"
                        • missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/ssh-agent"
                        • missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/wall"
                        • missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/newgrp"
                        • missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/chsh"
                        • missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/at"
                        • missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/chage"
                        • missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/sudo"
                        • missing audit rule for file: "/usr/sbin/pam_extrausers_chkpwd"
                        • missing audit rule for file: "/usr/sbin/unix_chkpwd"
                        Errors:
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        Script: sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • Missing auditd rules.
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.6_Ensure_use_of_privileged_commands_are_collected"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.955Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/auditd_privilieged_commands_rules_file.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/auditd_privilieged_commands_rules_file.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands_rules_file.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>missing audit rule for file: "/opt/cni/bin/calico-ipam"</l>
                  <l>missing audit rule for file: "/opt/cni/bin/install"</l>
                  <l>missing audit rule for file: "/opt/cni/bin/calico"</l>
                  <l>missing audit rule for file: "/var/lib/containerd/io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs/snapshots/47/fs/usr/bin/bird"</l>
                  <l>missing audit rule for file: "/var/lib/containerd/io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs/snapshots/47/fs/usr/bin/calico-node"</l>
                  <l>missing audit rule for file: "/var/lib/containerd/io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs/snapshots/47/fs/usr/bin/bird6"</l>
                  <l>missing audit rule for file: "/var/lib/containerd/io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs/snapshots/47/fs/usr/bin/mountns"</l>
                  <l>missing audit rule for file: "/var/lib/containerd/io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs/snapshots/104/fs/opt/cni/bin/calico-ipam"</l>
                  <l>missing audit rule for file: "/var/lib/containerd/io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs/snapshots/104/fs/opt/cni/bin/install"</l>
                  <l>missing audit rule for file: "/var/lib/containerd/io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs/snapshots/104/fs/opt/cni/bin/calico"</l>
                  <l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/lib/eject/dmcrypt-get-device"</l>
                  <l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/lib/openssh/ssh-keysign"</l>
                  <l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/lib/snapd/snap-confine"</l>
                  <l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/lib/dbus-1.0/dbus-daemon-launch-helper"</l>
                  <l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/lib/policykit-1/polkit-agent-helper-1"</l>
                  <l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/utempter/utempter"</l>
                  <l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/newuidmap"</l>
                  <l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/fusermount3"</l>
                  <l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/newgidmap"</l>
                  <l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/gpasswd"</l>
                  <l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/passwd"</l>
                  <l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/pkexec"</l>
                  <l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/mount"</l>
                  <l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/bsd-write"</l>
                  <l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/crontab"</l>
                  <l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/su"</l>
                  <l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/expiry"</l>
                  <l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/umount"</l>
                  <l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/chfn"</l>
                  <l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/ssh-agent"</l>
                  <l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/wall"</l>
                  <l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/newgrp"</l>
                  <l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/chsh"</l>
                  <l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/at"</l>
                  <l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/chage"</l>
                  <l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/sudo"</l>
                  <l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/sbin/pam_extrausers_chkpwd"</l>
                  <l>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/sbin/unix_chkpwd"</l>
               </out>
               <err>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
               </err>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/auditd_privilieged_commands_rules_file.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>missing audit rule for file: "/opt/cni/bin/calico-ipam"</li>
                              <li>missing audit rule for file: "/opt/cni/bin/install"</li>
                              <li>missing audit rule for file: "/opt/cni/bin/calico"</li>
                              <li>missing audit rule for file: "/var/lib/containerd/io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs/snapshots/47/fs/usr/bin/bird"</li>
                              <li>missing audit rule for file: "/var/lib/containerd/io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs/snapshots/47/fs/usr/bin/calico-node"</li>
                              <li>missing audit rule for file: "/var/lib/containerd/io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs/snapshots/47/fs/usr/bin/bird6"</li>
                              <li>missing audit rule for file: "/var/lib/containerd/io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs/snapshots/47/fs/usr/bin/mountns"</li>
                              <li>missing audit rule for file: "/var/lib/containerd/io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs/snapshots/104/fs/opt/cni/bin/calico-ipam"</li>
                              <li>missing audit rule for file: "/var/lib/containerd/io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs/snapshots/104/fs/opt/cni/bin/install"</li>
                              <li>missing audit rule for file: "/var/lib/containerd/io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs/snapshots/104/fs/opt/cni/bin/calico"</li>
                              <li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/lib/eject/dmcrypt-get-device"</li>
                              <li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/lib/openssh/ssh-keysign"</li>
                              <li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/lib/snapd/snap-confine"</li>
                              <li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/lib/dbus-1.0/dbus-daemon-launch-helper"</li>
                              <li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/lib/policykit-1/polkit-agent-helper-1"</li>
                              <li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/utempter/utempter"</li>
                              <li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/newuidmap"</li>
                              <li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/fusermount3"</li>
                              <li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/newgidmap"</li>
                              <li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/gpasswd"</li>
                              <li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/passwd"</li>
                              <li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/pkexec"</li>
                              <li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/mount"</li>
                              <li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/bsd-write"</li>
                              <li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/crontab"</li>
                              <li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/su"</li>
                              <li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/expiry"</li>
                              <li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/umount"</li>
                              <li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/chfn"</li>
                              <li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/ssh-agent"</li>
                              <li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/wall"</li>
                              <li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/newgrp"</li>
                              <li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/chsh"</li>
                              <li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/at"</li>
                              <li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/chage"</li>
                              <li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/bin/sudo"</li>
                              <li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/sbin/pam_extrausers_chkpwd"</li>
                              <li>missing audit rule for file: "/usr/sbin/unix_chkpwd"</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>Missing auditd rules.</l>
               </out>
               <err>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</l>
               </err>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Missing auditd rules.</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/auditd_privilieged_commands.sh: line 19: auditctl: command not found</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Subcontrol: 6.2
                          Label: Activate audit logging
                          Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Safeguard: 8.5
                          Label: Collect Detailed Audit Logs
                          Description: Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data. Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.
                          Implementation Group: IG-2
                          Security Function: Detect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Fail

                        5.2.3.7 Ensure unsuccessful file access attempts are collected

                        Description:

                        Monitor for unsuccessful attempts to access files. The following parameters are associated with system calls that control files:

                        • creation - creat
                        • opening - open , openat
                        • truncation - truncate , ftruncate

                        An audit log record will only be written if all of the following criteria is met for the user when trying to access a file:

                        • a non-privileged user (auid>=UID_MIN)
                        • is not a Daemon event (auid=4294967295/unset/-1)
                        • if the system call returned EACCES (permission denied) or EPERM (some other permanent error associated with the specific system call)

                        Failed attempts to open, create or truncate files could be an indication that an individual or process is trying to gain unauthorized access to the system.

                        Create audit rules

                        Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory, ending in .rules extension, with the relevant rules to monitor unsuccessful file access attempts.

                        64 Bit systems

                        Example:

                        # {

                        UID_MIN=$(awk '/^\s*UID_MIN/{print $2}' /etc/login.defs)

                        [ -n "${UID_MIN}" ] && printf "

                        -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S creat,open,openat,truncate,ftruncate -F exit=-EACCES -F auid>=${UID_MIN} -F auid!=unset -k access

                        -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S creat,open,openat,truncate,ftruncate -F exit=-EPERM -F auid>=${UID_MIN} -F auid!=unset -k access

                        -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S creat,open,openat,truncate,ftruncate -F exit=-EACCES -F auid>=${UID_MIN} -F auid!=unset -k access

                        -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S creat,open,openat,truncate,ftruncate -F exit=-EPERM -F auid>=${UID_MIN} -F auid!=unset -k access

                        " >> /etc/audit/rules.d/50-access.rules || printf "ERROR: Variable 'UID_MIN' is unset.\n"

                        }

                        Load audit rules

                        Merge and load the rules into active configuration:

                        # augenrules --load

                        Check if reboot is required.

                        # if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to load rules\n"; fi
                        32 Bit systems

                        Follow the same procedures as for 64 bit systems and ignore any entries with b64 .

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Complex Check
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                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?open((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?open((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?truncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?truncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?ftruncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?ftruncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?creat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?creat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?openat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?openat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?open((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?open((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?truncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?truncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?ftruncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?ftruncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?creat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?creat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?openat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?openat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?open((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?open((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?truncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?truncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?ftruncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?ftruncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?creat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?creat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?openat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?openat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?open((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?open((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?truncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?truncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?ftruncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?ftruncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?creat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?creat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?openat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#
                        • ]+,)?openat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.7_Ensure_unsuccessful_file_access_attempts_are_collected"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.957Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/9"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
               <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
                  <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
                     <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
                        <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
                           <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
                              <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
                                 <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
                                    <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
                                       <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
                                          <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
                                             <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
                                                <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
                                                   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
                                                      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
                                                         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
                                                            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                                                                         negate="false"
                                                                         multi-check="false">
                                                               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                                                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995071_var"/>
                                                               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
                                                               <xccdf:check-content>
                                                                  <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                                                                  xccdf="fail"
                                                                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                                                                  exit-value="102">
                                                                     <out>
                                                                        <l>FAILED</l>
                                                                        <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                                                                        <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                                                                        <l/>
                                                                        <l>]+,)?open((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                                                                        <l/>
                                                                        <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                                                                        <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                                                                        <l/>
                                                                        <l>]+,)?open((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                                                                        <l/>
                                                                     </out>
                                                                     <err>
                                                                        <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
                                                                     </err>
                                                                     <env/>
                                                                  </command_result>
                                                               </xccdf:check-content>
                                                               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                                                                  <div class="sce">
                                                                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                                                        <tbody class="tbe">
                                                                           <tr>
                                                                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                                                                              <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                                                                           </tr>
                                                                           <tr>
                                                                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                                                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                                                           </tr>
                                                                           <tr>
                                                                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                                                                              <td>102</td>
                                                                           </tr>
                                                                        </tbody>
                                                                     </table>
                                                                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                                                        <tbody class="tbe">
                                                                           <tr>
                                                                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                                                                              <td>
                                                                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                                                                    <li>FAILED</li>
                                                                                    <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                                                                                    <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                                                                                    <li/>
                                                                                    <li>]+,)?open((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                                                                    <li/>
                                                                                    <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                                                                                    <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                                                                                    <li/>
                                                                                    <li>]+,)?open((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                                                                    <li/>
                                                                                 </ul>
                                                                              </td>
                                                                           </tr>
                                                                        </tbody>
                                                                     </table>
                                                                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                                                        <tbody class="tbe">
                                                                           <tr>
                                                                              <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                                                                              <td>
                                                                                 <ul>
                                                                                    <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                                                                 </ul>
                                                                              </td>
                                                                           </tr>
                                                                        </tbody>
                                                                     </table>
                                                                  </div>
                                                               </evidence>
                                                            </xccdf:check>
                                                            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                                                                         negate="false"
                                                                         multi-check="false">
                                                               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                                                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995074_var"/>
                                                               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
                                                               <xccdf:check-content>
                                                                  <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                                                                  xccdf="fail"
                                                                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                                                                  exit-value="102">
                                                                     <out>
                                                                        <l>FAILED</l>
                                                                        <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                                                                        <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                                                                        <l/>
                                                                        <l>]+,)?truncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                                                                        <l/>
                                                                        <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                                                                        <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                                                                        <l/>
                                                                        <l>]+,)?truncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                                                                        <l/>
                                                                     </out>
                                                                     <err>
                                                                        <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
                                                                     </err>
                                                                     <env/>
                                                                  </command_result>
                                                               </xccdf:check-content>
                                                               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                                                                  <div class="sce">
                                                                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                                                        <tbody class="tbe">
                                                                           <tr>
                                                                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                                                                              <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                                                                           </tr>
                                                                           <tr>
                                                                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                                                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                                                           </tr>
                                                                           <tr>
                                                                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                                                                              <td>102</td>
                                                                           </tr>
                                                                        </tbody>
                                                                     </table>
                                                                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                                                        <tbody class="tbe">
                                                                           <tr>
                                                                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                                                                              <td>
                                                                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                                                                    <li>FAILED</li>
                                                                                    <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                                                                                    <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                                                                                    <li/>
                                                                                    <li>]+,)?truncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                                                                    <li/>
                                                                                    <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                                                                                    <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                                                                                    <li/>
                                                                                    <li>]+,)?truncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                                                                    <li/>
                                                                                 </ul>
                                                                              </td>
                                                                           </tr>
                                                                        </tbody>
                                                                     </table>
                                                                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                                                        <tbody class="tbe">
                                                                           <tr>
                                                                              <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                                                                              <td>
                                                                                 <ul>
                                                                                    <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                                                                 </ul>
                                                                              </td>
                                                                           </tr>
                                                                        </tbody>
                                                                     </table>
                                                                  </div>
                                                               </evidence>
                                                            </xccdf:check>
                                                         </xccdf:complex-check>
                                                         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                                                                      negate="false"
                                                                      multi-check="false">
                                                            <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                                                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995077_var"/>
                                                            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
                                                            <xccdf:check-content>
                                                               <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                                                               xccdf="fail"
                                                                               script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                                                               exit-value="102">
                                                                  <out>
                                                                     <l>FAILED</l>
                                                                     <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                                                                     <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                                                                     <l/>
                                                                     <l>]+,)?ftruncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                                                                     <l/>
                                                                     <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                                                                     <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                                                                     <l/>
                                                                     <l>]+,)?ftruncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                                                                     <l/>
                                                                  </out>
                                                                  <err>
                                                                     <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
                                                                  </err>
                                                                  <env/>
                                                               </command_result>
                                                            </xccdf:check-content>
                                                            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                                                               <div class="sce">
                                                                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                                                     <tbody class="tbe">
                                                                        <tr>
                                                                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                                                                           <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                                                                        </tr>
                                                                        <tr>
                                                                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                                                           <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                                                        </tr>
                                                                        <tr>
                                                                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                                                                           <td>102</td>
                                                                        </tr>
                                                                     </tbody>
                                                                  </table>
                                                                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                                                     <tbody class="tbe">
                                                                        <tr>
                                                                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                                                                           <td>
                                                                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                                                                 <li>FAILED</li>
                                                                                 <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                                                                                 <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                                                                                 <li/>
                                                                                 <li>]+,)?ftruncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                                                                 <li/>
                                                                                 <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                                                                                 <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                                                                                 <li/>
                                                                                 <li>]+,)?ftruncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                                                                 <li/>
                                                                              </ul>
                                                                           </td>
                                                                        </tr>
                                                                     </tbody>
                                                                  </table>
                                                                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                                                     <tbody class="tbe">
                                                                        <tr>
                                                                           <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                                                                           <td>
                                                                              <ul>
                                                                                 <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                                                              </ul>
                                                                           </td>
                                                                        </tr>
                                                                     </tbody>
                                                                  </table>
                                                               </div>
                                                            </evidence>
                                                         </xccdf:check>
                                                      </xccdf:complex-check>
                                                      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                                                                   negate="false"
                                                                   multi-check="false">
                                                         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                                                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995079_var"/>
                                                         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
                                                         <xccdf:check-content>
                                                            <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                                                            xccdf="fail"
                                                                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                                                            exit-value="102">
                                                               <out>
                                                                  <l>FAILED</l>
                                                                  <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                                                                  <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                                                                  <l/>
                                                                  <l>]+,)?creat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                                                                  <l/>
                                                                  <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                                                                  <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                                                                  <l/>
                                                                  <l>]+,)?creat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                                                                  <l/>
                                                               </out>
                                                               <err>
                                                                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
                                                               </err>
                                                               <env/>
                                                            </command_result>
                                                         </xccdf:check-content>
                                                         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                                                            <div class="sce">
                                                               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                                                  <tbody class="tbe">
                                                                     <tr>
                                                                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                                                                        <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                                                                     </tr>
                                                                     <tr>
                                                                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                                                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                                                     </tr>
                                                                     <tr>
                                                                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                                                                        <td>102</td>
                                                                     </tr>
                                                                  </tbody>
                                                               </table>
                                                               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                                                  <tbody class="tbe">
                                                                     <tr>
                                                                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                                                                        <td>
                                                                           <ul class="unstyled">
                                                                              <li>FAILED</li>
                                                                              <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                                                                              <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                                                                              <li/>
                                                                              <li>]+,)?creat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                                                              <li/>
                                                                              <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                                                                              <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                                                                              <li/>
                                                                              <li>]+,)?creat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                                                              <li/>
                                                                           </ul>
                                                                        </td>
                                                                     </tr>
                                                                  </tbody>
                                                               </table>
                                                               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                                                  <tbody class="tbe">
                                                                     <tr>
                                                                        <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                                                                        <td>
                                                                           <ul>
                                                                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                                                           </ul>
                                                                        </td>
                                                                     </tr>
                                                                  </tbody>
                                                               </table>
                                                            </div>
                                                         </evidence>
                                                      </xccdf:check>
                                                   </xccdf:complex-check>
                                                   <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                                                                negate="false"
                                                                multi-check="false">
                                                      <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                                                          value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995083_var"/>
                                                      <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
                                                      <xccdf:check-content>
                                                         <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                                                         xccdf="fail"
                                                                         script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                                                         exit-value="102">
                                                            <out>
                                                               <l>FAILED</l>
                                                               <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                                                               <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                                                               <l/>
                                                               <l>]+,)?openat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                                                               <l/>
                                                               <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                                                               <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                                                               <l/>
                                                               <l>]+,)?openat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                                                               <l/>
                                                            </out>
                                                            <err>
                                                               <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
                                                            </err>
                                                            <env/>
                                                         </command_result>
                                                      </xccdf:check-content>
                                                      <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                                                         <div class="sce">
                                                            <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                                               <tbody class="tbe">
                                                                  <tr>
                                                                     <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                                                                     <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                                                                  </tr>
                                                                  <tr>
                                                                     <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                                                     <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                                                  </tr>
                                                                  <tr>
                                                                     <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                                                                     <td>102</td>
                                                                  </tr>
                                                               </tbody>
                                                            </table>
                                                            <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                                               <tbody class="tbe">
                                                                  <tr>
                                                                     <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                                                                     <td>
                                                                        <ul class="unstyled">
                                                                           <li>FAILED</li>
                                                                           <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                                                                           <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                                                                           <li/>
                                                                           <li>]+,)?openat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                                                           <li/>
                                                                           <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                                                                           <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                                                                           <li/>
                                                                           <li>]+,)?openat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                                                           <li/>
                                                                        </ul>
                                                                     </td>
                                                                  </tr>
                                                               </tbody>
                                                            </table>
                                                            <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                                               <tbody class="tbe">
                                                                  <tr>
                                                                     <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                                                                     <td>
                                                                        <ul>
                                                                           <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                                                        </ul>
                                                                     </td>
                                                                  </tr>
                                                               </tbody>
                                                            </table>
                                                         </div>
                                                      </evidence>
                                                   </xccdf:check>
                                                </xccdf:complex-check>
                                                <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                                                             negate="false"
                                                             multi-check="false">
                                                   <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                                                       value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995088_var"/>
                                                   <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
                                                   <xccdf:check-content>
                                                      <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                                                      xccdf="fail"
                                                                      script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                                                      exit-value="102">
                                                         <out>
                                                            <l>FAILED</l>
                                                            <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                                                            <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                                                            <l/>
                                                            <l>]+,)?open((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                                                            <l/>
                                                            <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                                                            <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                                                            <l/>
                                                            <l>]+,)?open((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                                                            <l/>
                                                         </out>
                                                         <err>
                                                            <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
                                                         </err>
                                                         <env/>
                                                      </command_result>
                                                   </xccdf:check-content>
                                                   <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                                                      <div class="sce">
                                                         <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                                            <tbody class="tbe">
                                                               <tr>
                                                                  <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                                                                  <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                                                               </tr>
                                                               <tr>
                                                                  <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                                                  <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                                               </tr>
                                                               <tr>
                                                                  <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                                                                  <td>102</td>
                                                               </tr>
                                                            </tbody>
                                                         </table>
                                                         <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                                            <tbody class="tbe">
                                                               <tr>
                                                                  <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                                                                  <td>
                                                                     <ul class="unstyled">
                                                                        <li>FAILED</li>
                                                                        <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                                                                        <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                                                                        <li/>
                                                                        <li>]+,)?open((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                                                        <li/>
                                                                        <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                                                                        <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                                                                        <li/>
                                                                        <li>]+,)?open((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                                                        <li/>
                                                                     </ul>
                                                                  </td>
                                                               </tr>
                                                            </tbody>
                                                         </table>
                                                         <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                                            <tbody class="tbe">
                                                               <tr>
                                                                  <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                                                                  <td>
                                                                     <ul>
                                                                        <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                                                     </ul>
                                                                  </td>
                                                               </tr>
                                                            </tbody>
                                                         </table>
                                                      </div>
                                                   </evidence>
                                                </xccdf:check>
                                             </xccdf:complex-check>
                                             <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                                                          negate="false"
                                                          multi-check="false">
                                                <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                                                    value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995091_var"/>
                                                <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
                                                <xccdf:check-content>
                                                   <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                                                   xccdf="fail"
                                                                   script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                                                   exit-value="102">
                                                      <out>
                                                         <l>FAILED</l>
                                                         <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                                                         <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                                                         <l/>
                                                         <l>]+,)?truncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                                                         <l/>
                                                         <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                                                         <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                                                         <l/>
                                                         <l>]+,)?truncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                                                         <l/>
                                                      </out>
                                                      <err>
                                                         <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
                                                      </err>
                                                      <env/>
                                                   </command_result>
                                                </xccdf:check-content>
                                                <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                                                   <div class="sce">
                                                      <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                                         <tbody class="tbe">
                                                            <tr>
                                                               <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                                                               <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                                                            </tr>
                                                            <tr>
                                                               <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                                               <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                                            </tr>
                                                            <tr>
                                                               <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                                                               <td>102</td>
                                                            </tr>
                                                         </tbody>
                                                      </table>
                                                      <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                                         <tbody class="tbe">
                                                            <tr>
                                                               <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                                                               <td>
                                                                  <ul class="unstyled">
                                                                     <li>FAILED</li>
                                                                     <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                                                                     <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                                                                     <li/>
                                                                     <li>]+,)?truncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                                                     <li/>
                                                                     <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                                                                     <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                                                                     <li/>
                                                                     <li>]+,)?truncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                                                     <li/>
                                                                  </ul>
                                                               </td>
                                                            </tr>
                                                         </tbody>
                                                      </table>
                                                      <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                                         <tbody class="tbe">
                                                            <tr>
                                                               <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                                                               <td>
                                                                  <ul>
                                                                     <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                                                  </ul>
                                                               </td>
                                                            </tr>
                                                         </tbody>
                                                      </table>
                                                   </div>
                                                </evidence>
                                             </xccdf:check>
                                          </xccdf:complex-check>
                                          <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                                                       negate="false"
                                                       multi-check="false">
                                             <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                                                 value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995093_var"/>
                                             <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
                                             <xccdf:check-content>
                                                <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                                                xccdf="fail"
                                                                script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                                                exit-value="102">
                                                   <out>
                                                      <l>FAILED</l>
                                                      <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                                                      <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                                                      <l/>
                                                      <l>]+,)?ftruncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                                                      <l/>
                                                      <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                                                      <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                                                      <l/>
                                                      <l>]+,)?ftruncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                                                      <l/>
                                                   </out>
                                                   <err>
                                                      <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
                                                   </err>
                                                   <env/>
                                                </command_result>
                                             </xccdf:check-content>
                                             <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                                                <div class="sce">
                                                   <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                                      <tbody class="tbe">
                                                         <tr>
                                                            <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                                                            <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                                                         </tr>
                                                         <tr>
                                                            <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                                            <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                                         </tr>
                                                         <tr>
                                                            <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                                                            <td>102</td>
                                                         </tr>
                                                      </tbody>
                                                   </table>
                                                   <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                                      <tbody class="tbe">
                                                         <tr>
                                                            <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                                                            <td>
                                                               <ul class="unstyled">
                                                                  <li>FAILED</li>
                                                                  <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                                                                  <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                                                                  <li/>
                                                                  <li>]+,)?ftruncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                                                  <li/>
                                                                  <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                                                                  <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                                                                  <li/>
                                                                  <li>]+,)?ftruncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                                                  <li/>
                                                               </ul>
                                                            </td>
                                                         </tr>
                                                      </tbody>
                                                   </table>
                                                   <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                                      <tbody class="tbe">
                                                         <tr>
                                                            <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                                                            <td>
                                                               <ul>
                                                                  <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                                               </ul>
                                                            </td>
                                                         </tr>
                                                      </tbody>
                                                   </table>
                                                </div>
                                             </evidence>
                                          </xccdf:check>
                                       </xccdf:complex-check>
                                       <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                                                    negate="false"
                                                    multi-check="false">
                                          <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                                              value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995097_var"/>
                                          <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
                                          <xccdf:check-content>
                                             <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                                             xccdf="fail"
                                                             script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                                             exit-value="102">
                                                <out>
                                                   <l>FAILED</l>
                                                   <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                                                   <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                                                   <l/>
                                                   <l>]+,)?creat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                                                   <l/>
                                                   <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                                                   <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                                                   <l/>
                                                   <l>]+,)?creat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                                                   <l/>
                                                </out>
                                                <err>
                                                   <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
                                                </err>
                                                <env/>
                                             </command_result>
                                          </xccdf:check-content>
                                          <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                                             <div class="sce">
                                                <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                                   <tbody class="tbe">
                                                      <tr>
                                                         <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                                                         <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                                                      </tr>
                                                      <tr>
                                                         <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                                         <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                                      </tr>
                                                      <tr>
                                                         <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                                                         <td>102</td>
                                                      </tr>
                                                   </tbody>
                                                </table>
                                                <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                                   <tbody class="tbe">
                                                      <tr>
                                                         <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                                                         <td>
                                                            <ul class="unstyled">
                                                               <li>FAILED</li>
                                                               <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                                                               <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                                                               <li/>
                                                               <li>]+,)?creat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                                               <li/>
                                                               <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                                                               <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                                                               <li/>
                                                               <li>]+,)?creat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                                               <li/>
                                                            </ul>
                                                         </td>
                                                      </tr>
                                                   </tbody>
                                                </table>
                                                <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                                   <tbody class="tbe">
                                                      <tr>
                                                         <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                                                         <td>
                                                            <ul>
                                                               <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                                            </ul>
                                                         </td>
                                                      </tr>
                                                   </tbody>
                                                </table>
                                             </div>
                                          </evidence>
                                       </xccdf:check>
                                    </xccdf:complex-check>
                                    <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                                                 negate="false"
                                                 multi-check="false">
                                       <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                                           value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995100_var"/>
                                       <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
                                       <xccdf:check-content>
                                          <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                                          xccdf="fail"
                                                          script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                                          exit-value="102">
                                             <out>
                                                <l>FAILED</l>
                                                <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                                                <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                                                <l/>
                                                <l>]+,)?openat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                                                <l/>
                                                <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                                                <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                                                <l/>
                                                <l>]+,)?openat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                                                <l/>
                                             </out>
                                             <err>
                                                <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
                                             </err>
                                             <env/>
                                          </command_result>
                                       </xccdf:check-content>
                                       <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                                          <div class="sce">
                                             <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                                <tbody class="tbe">
                                                   <tr>
                                                      <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                                                      <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                                                   </tr>
                                                   <tr>
                                                      <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                                      <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                                   </tr>
                                                   <tr>
                                                      <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                                                      <td>102</td>
                                                   </tr>
                                                </tbody>
                                             </table>
                                             <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                                <tbody class="tbe">
                                                   <tr>
                                                      <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                                                      <td>
                                                         <ul class="unstyled">
                                                            <li>FAILED</li>
                                                            <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                                                            <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                                                            <li/>
                                                            <li>]+,)?openat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                                            <li/>
                                                            <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                                                            <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b32\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                                                            <li/>
                                                            <li>]+,)?openat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                                            <li/>
                                                         </ul>
                                                      </td>
                                                   </tr>
                                                </tbody>
                                             </table>
                                             <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                                <tbody class="tbe">
                                                   <tr>
                                                      <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                                                      <td>
                                                         <ul>
                                                            <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                                         </ul>
                                                      </td>
                                                   </tr>
                                                </tbody>
                                             </table>
                                          </div>
                                       </evidence>
                                    </xccdf:check>
                                 </xccdf:complex-check>
                                 <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                                              negate="false"
                                              multi-check="false">
                                    <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                                        value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995105_var"/>
                                    <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
                                    <xccdf:check-content>
                                       <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                                       xccdf="fail"
                                                       script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                                       exit-value="102">
                                          <out>
                                             <l>FAILED</l>
                                             <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                                             <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                                             <l/>
                                             <l>]+,)?open((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                                             <l/>
                                             <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                                             <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                                             <l/>
                                             <l>]+,)?open((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                                             <l/>
                                          </out>
                                          <err>
                                             <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
                                          </err>
                                          <env/>
                                       </command_result>
                                    </xccdf:check-content>
                                    <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                                       <div class="sce">
                                          <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                             <tbody class="tbe">
                                                <tr>
                                                   <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                                                   <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                                                </tr>
                                                <tr>
                                                   <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                                   <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                                </tr>
                                                <tr>
                                                   <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                                                   <td>102</td>
                                                </tr>
                                             </tbody>
                                          </table>
                                          <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                             <tbody class="tbe">
                                                <tr>
                                                   <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                                                   <td>
                                                      <ul class="unstyled">
                                                         <li>FAILED</li>
                                                         <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                                                         <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                                                         <li/>
                                                         <li>]+,)?open((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                                         <li/>
                                                         <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                                                         <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                                                         <li/>
                                                         <li>]+,)?open((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                                         <li/>
                                                      </ul>
                                                   </td>
                                                </tr>
                                             </tbody>
                                          </table>
                                          <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                             <tbody class="tbe">
                                                <tr>
                                                   <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                                                   <td>
                                                      <ul>
                                                         <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                                      </ul>
                                                   </td>
                                                </tr>
                                             </tbody>
                                          </table>
                                       </div>
                                    </evidence>
                                 </xccdf:check>
                              </xccdf:complex-check>
                              <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                                           negate="false"
                                           multi-check="false">
                                 <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                                     value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995107_var"/>
                                 <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
                                 <xccdf:check-content>
                                    <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                                    xccdf="fail"
                                                    script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                                    exit-value="102">
                                       <out>
                                          <l>FAILED</l>
                                          <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                                          <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                                          <l/>
                                          <l>]+,)?truncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                                          <l/>
                                          <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                                          <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                                          <l/>
                                          <l>]+,)?truncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                                          <l/>
                                       </out>
                                       <err>
                                          <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
                                       </err>
                                       <env/>
                                    </command_result>
                                 </xccdf:check-content>
                                 <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                                    <div class="sce">
                                       <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                          <tbody class="tbe">
                                             <tr>
                                                <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                                                <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                                             </tr>
                                             <tr>
                                                <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                                <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                             </tr>
                                             <tr>
                                                <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                                                <td>102</td>
                                             </tr>
                                          </tbody>
                                       </table>
                                       <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                          <tbody class="tbe">
                                             <tr>
                                                <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                                                <td>
                                                   <ul class="unstyled">
                                                      <li>FAILED</li>
                                                      <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                                                      <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                                                      <li/>
                                                      <li>]+,)?truncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                                      <li/>
                                                      <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                                                      <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                                                      <li/>
                                                      <li>]+,)?truncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                                      <li/>
                                                   </ul>
                                                </td>
                                             </tr>
                                          </tbody>
                                       </table>
                                       <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                          <tbody class="tbe">
                                             <tr>
                                                <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                                                <td>
                                                   <ul>
                                                      <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                                   </ul>
                                                </td>
                                             </tr>
                                          </tbody>
                                       </table>
                                    </div>
                                 </evidence>
                              </xccdf:check>
                           </xccdf:complex-check>
                           <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                                        negate="false"
                                        multi-check="false">
                              <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                                  value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995110_var"/>
                              <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
                              <xccdf:check-content>
                                 <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                                 xccdf="fail"
                                                 script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                                 exit-value="102">
                                    <out>
                                       <l>FAILED</l>
                                       <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                                       <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                                       <l/>
                                       <l>]+,)?ftruncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                                       <l/>
                                       <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                                       <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                                       <l/>
                                       <l>]+,)?ftruncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                                       <l/>
                                    </out>
                                    <err>
                                       <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
                                    </err>
                                    <env/>
                                 </command_result>
                              </xccdf:check-content>
                              <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                                 <div class="sce">
                                    <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                       <tbody class="tbe">
                                          <tr>
                                             <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                                             <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                                          </tr>
                                          <tr>
                                             <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                             <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                          </tr>
                                          <tr>
                                             <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                                             <td>102</td>
                                          </tr>
                                       </tbody>
                                    </table>
                                    <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                       <tbody class="tbe">
                                          <tr>
                                             <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                                             <td>
                                                <ul class="unstyled">
                                                   <li>FAILED</li>
                                                   <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                                                   <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                                                   <li/>
                                                   <li>]+,)?ftruncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                                   <li/>
                                                   <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                                                   <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                                                   <li/>
                                                   <li>]+,)?ftruncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                                   <li/>
                                                </ul>
                                             </td>
                                          </tr>
                                       </tbody>
                                    </table>
                                    <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                       <tbody class="tbe">
                                          <tr>
                                             <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                                             <td>
                                                <ul>
                                                   <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                                </ul>
                                             </td>
                                          </tr>
                                       </tbody>
                                    </table>
                                 </div>
                              </evidence>
                           </xccdf:check>
                        </xccdf:complex-check>
                        <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                                     negate="false"
                                     multi-check="false">
                           <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                               value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995112_var"/>
                           <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
                           <xccdf:check-content>
                              <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                              xccdf="fail"
                                              script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                              exit-value="102">
                                 <out>
                                    <l>FAILED</l>
                                    <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                                    <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                                    <l/>
                                    <l>]+,)?creat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                                    <l/>
                                    <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                                    <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                                    <l/>
                                    <l>]+,)?creat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                                    <l/>
                                 </out>
                                 <err>
                                    <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
                                 </err>
                                 <env/>
                              </command_result>
                           </xccdf:check-content>
                           <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                              <div class="sce">
                                 <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                    <tbody class="tbe">
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                                          <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                          <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                                          <td>102</td>
                                       </tr>
                                    </tbody>
                                 </table>
                                 <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                    <tbody class="tbe">
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                                          <td>
                                             <ul class="unstyled">
                                                <li>FAILED</li>
                                                <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                                                <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                                                <li/>
                                                <li>]+,)?creat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                                <li/>
                                                <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                                                <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                                                <li/>
                                                <li>]+,)?creat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                                <li/>
                                             </ul>
                                          </td>
                                       </tr>
                                    </tbody>
                                 </table>
                                 <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                    <tbody class="tbe">
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                                          <td>
                                             <ul>
                                                <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                             </ul>
                                          </td>
                                       </tr>
                                    </tbody>
                                 </table>
                              </div>
                           </evidence>
                        </xccdf:check>
                     </xccdf:complex-check>
                     <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                                  negate="false"
                                  multi-check="false">
                        <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                            value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995117_var"/>
                        <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
                        <xccdf:check-content>
                           <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                           xccdf="fail"
                                           script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                           exit-value="102">
                              <out>
                                 <l>FAILED</l>
                                 <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                                 <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                                 <l/>
                                 <l>]+,)?openat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                                 <l/>
                                 <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                                 <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                                 <l/>
                                 <l>]+,)?openat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                                 <l/>
                              </out>
                              <err>
                                 <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
                              </err>
                              <env/>
                           </command_result>
                        </xccdf:check-content>
                        <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                           <div class="sce">
                              <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                                       <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                       <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                                       <td>102</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                              <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                                       <td>
                                          <ul class="unstyled">
                                             <li>FAILED</li>
                                             <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                                             <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                                             <li/>
                                             <li>]+,)?openat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                             <li/>
                                             <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                                             <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                                             <li/>
                                             <li>]+,)?openat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EACCES|-EACCES=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                             <li/>
                                          </ul>
                                       </td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                              <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                                       <td>
                                          <ul>
                                             <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                          </ul>
                                       </td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                           </div>
                        </evidence>
                     </xccdf:check>
                  </xccdf:complex-check>
                  <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                               negate="false"
                               multi-check="false">
                     <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                         value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995122_var"/>
                     <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
                     <xccdf:check-content>
                        <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                        xccdf="fail"
                                        script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                        exit-value="102">
                           <out>
                              <l>FAILED</l>
                              <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                              <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                              <l/>
                              <l>]+,)?open((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                              <l/>
                              <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                              <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                              <l/>
                              <l>]+,)?open((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                              <l/>
                           </out>
                           <err>
                              <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
                           </err>
                           <env/>
                        </command_result>
                     </xccdf:check-content>
                     <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                        <div class="sce">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                                    <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                                    <td>102</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                                    <td>
                                       <ul class="unstyled">
                                          <li>FAILED</li>
                                          <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                                          <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                                          <li/>
                                          <li>]+,)?open((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                          <li/>
                                          <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                                          <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                                          <li/>
                                          <li>]+,)?open((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                          <li/>
                                       </ul>
                                    </td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                                    <td>
                                       <ul>
                                          <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                       </ul>
                                    </td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </evidence>
                  </xccdf:check>
               </xccdf:complex-check>
               <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                            negate="false"
                            multi-check="false">
                  <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                      value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995125_var"/>
                  <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
                  <xccdf:check-content>
                     <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                     xccdf="fail"
                                     script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                     exit-value="102">
                        <out>
                           <l>FAILED</l>
                           <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                           <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                           <l/>
                           <l>]+,)?truncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                           <l/>
                           <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                           <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                           <l/>
                           <l>]+,)?truncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                           <l/>
                        </out>
                        <err>
                           <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
                        </err>
                        <env/>
                     </command_result>
                  </xccdf:check-content>
                  <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                     <div class="sce">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                                 <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                                 <td>102</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                                 <td>
                                    <ul class="unstyled">
                                       <li>FAILED</li>
                                       <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                                       <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                                       <li/>
                                       <li>]+,)?truncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                       <li/>
                                       <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                                       <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                                       <li/>
                                       <li>]+,)?truncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                       <li/>
                                    </ul>
                                 </td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                                 <td>
                                    <ul>
                                       <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                    </ul>
                                 </td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </evidence>
               </xccdf:check>
            </xccdf:complex-check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995130_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                  xccdf="fail"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                  exit-value="102">
                     <out>
                        <l>FAILED</l>
                        <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                        <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                        <l/>
                        <l>]+,)?ftruncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                        <l/>
                        <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                        <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                        <l/>
                        <l>]+,)?ftruncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                        <l/>
                     </out>
                     <err>
                        <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
                     </err>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>102</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li>FAILED</li>
                                    <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                                    <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                                    <li/>
                                    <li>]+,)?ftruncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                    <li/>
                                    <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                                    <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                                    <li/>
                                    <li>]+,)?ftruncate((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                    <li/>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul>
                                    <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995134_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                               xccdf="fail"
                               script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                               exit-value="102">
                  <out>
                     <l>FAILED</l>
                     <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                     <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                     <l/>
                     <l>]+,)?creat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                     <l/>
                     <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                     <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                     <l/>
                     <l>]+,)?creat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                     <l/>
                  </out>
                  <err>
                     <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  </err>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>102</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li>FAILED</li>
                                 <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                                 <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                                 <li/>
                                 <li>]+,)?creat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                 <li/>
                                 <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                                 <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                                 <li/>
                                 <li>]+,)?creat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                 <li/>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul>
                                 <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995138_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>FAILED</l>
                  <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                  <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>]+,)?openat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                  <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>]+,)?openat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
               </err>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>FAILED</li>
                              <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                              <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>]+,)?openat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                              <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+-F\h+arch=b64\h+-S\h+([^#</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>]+,)?openat((,\H+)+|(\h+-S\h+\H+)+)?\h+-F\h+(exit=-EPERM|-EPERM=exit)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                          Subcontrol: 14.9
                          Label: Enforce Detail Logging for Access or Changes to Sensitive Data
                          Description: Enforce detailed audit logging for access to sensitive data or changes to sensitive data (utilizing tools such as File Integrity Monitoring or Security Information and Event Monitoring).
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Safeguard: 8.5
                          Label: Collect Detailed Audit Logs
                          Description: Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data. Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.
                          Implementation Group: IG-2
                          Security Function: Detect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Fail

                        5.2.3.8 Ensure events that modify user/group information are collected

                        Description:

                        Record events affecting the modification of user or group information, including that of passwords and old passwords if in use.

                        • /etc/group - system groups
                        • /etc/passwd - system users
                        • /etc/gshadow - encrypted password for each group
                        • /etc/shadow - system user passwords
                        • /etc/security/opasswd - storage of old passwords if the relevant PAM module is in use

                        The parameters in this section will watch the files to see if they have been opened for write or have had attribute changes (e.g. permissions) and tag them with the identifier "identity" in the audit log file.

                        Unexpected changes to these files could be an indication that the system has been compromised and that an unauthorized user is attempting to hide their activities or compromise additional accounts.

                        Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory, ending in .rules extension, with the relevant rules to monitor events that modify user/group information.

                        Example:

                        # printf "

                        -w /etc/group -p wa -k identity

                        -w /etc/passwd -p wa -k identity

                        -w /etc/gshadow -p wa -k identity

                        -w /etc/shadow -p wa -k identity

                        -w /etc/security/opasswd -p wa -k identity

                        " >> /etc/audit/rules.d/50-identity.rules

                        Merge and load the rules into active configuration:

                        # augenrules --load

                        Check if reboot is required.

                        # if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to load rules\n"; fi

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/group\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/group\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/passwd\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/passwd\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/gshadow\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/gshadow\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/shadow\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/shadow\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/security\/opasswd\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/security\/opasswd\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.8_Ensure_events_that_modify_usergroup_information_are_collected"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.957Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/8"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
               <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                            negate="false"
                            multi-check="false">
                  <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                      value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995144_var"/>
                  <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
                  <xccdf:check-content>
                     <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                     xccdf="fail"
                                     script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                     exit-value="102">
                        <out>
                           <l>FAILED</l>
                           <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                           <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/group\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                           <l/>
                           <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                           <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/group\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                           <l/>
                        </out>
                        <err>
                           <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
                        </err>
                        <env/>
                     </command_result>
                  </xccdf:check-content>
                  <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                     <div class="sce">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                                 <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                                 <td>102</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                                 <td>
                                    <ul class="unstyled">
                                       <li>FAILED</li>
                                       <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                                       <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/group\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                       <li/>
                                       <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                                       <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/group\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                       <li/>
                                    </ul>
                                 </td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                                 <td>
                                    <ul>
                                       <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                    </ul>
                                 </td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </evidence>
               </xccdf:check>
               <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                            negate="false"
                            multi-check="false">
                  <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                      value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995149_var"/>
                  <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
                  <xccdf:check-content>
                     <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                     xccdf="fail"
                                     script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                     exit-value="102">
                        <out>
                           <l>FAILED</l>
                           <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                           <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/passwd\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                           <l/>
                           <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                           <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/passwd\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                           <l/>
                        </out>
                        <err>
                           <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
                        </err>
                        <env/>
                     </command_result>
                  </xccdf:check-content>
                  <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                     <div class="sce">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                                 <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                                 <td>102</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                                 <td>
                                    <ul class="unstyled">
                                       <li>FAILED</li>
                                       <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                                       <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/passwd\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                       <li/>
                                       <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                                       <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/passwd\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                       <li/>
                                    </ul>
                                 </td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                                 <td>
                                    <ul>
                                       <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                    </ul>
                                 </td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </evidence>
               </xccdf:check>
            </xccdf:complex-check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995153_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                  xccdf="fail"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                                  exit-value="102">
                     <out>
                        <l>FAILED</l>
                        <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                        <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/gshadow\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                        <l/>
                        <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                        <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/gshadow\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                        <l/>
                     </out>
                     <err>
                        <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
                     </err>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>102</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li>FAILED</li>
                                    <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                                    <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/gshadow\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                    <li/>
                                    <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                                    <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/gshadow\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                    <li/>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul>
                                    <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995156_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                               xccdf="fail"
                               script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                               exit-value="102">
                  <out>
                     <l>FAILED</l>
                     <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                     <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/shadow\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                     <l/>
                     <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                     <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/shadow\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                     <l/>
                  </out>
                  <err>
                     <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  </err>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>102</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li>FAILED</li>
                                 <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                                 <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/shadow\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                 <li/>
                                 <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                                 <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/shadow\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                 <li/>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul>
                                 <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995160_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>FAILED</l>
                  <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                  <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/security\/opasswd\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                  <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/security\/opasswd\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
               </err>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>FAILED</li>
                              <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                              <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/security\/opasswd\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                              <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/security\/opasswd\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications.
                          Subcontrol: 4.8
                          Label: Log and Alert on Changes to Administrative Group Membership
                          Description: Configure systems to issue a log entry and alert when an account is added to or removed from any group assigned administrative privileges.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Safeguard: 8.5
                          Label: Collect Detailed Audit Logs
                          Description: Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data. Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.
                          Implementation Group: IG-2
                          Security Function: Detect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Fail

                        5.2.3.9 Ensure discretionary access control permission modification events are collected

                        Description:

                        Monitor changes to file permissions, attributes, ownership and group. The parameters in this section track changes for system calls that affect file permissions and attributes. The following commands and system calls effect the permissions, ownership and various attributes of files.

                        • chmod
                        • fchmod
                        • fchmodat
                        • chown
                        • fchown
                        • fchownat
                        • lchown
                        • setxattr
                        • lsetxattr
                        • fsetxattr
                        • removexattr
                        • lremovexattr
                        • fremovexattr

                        In all cases, an audit record will only be written for non-system user ids and will ignore Daemon events. All audit records will be tagged with the identifier "perm_mod."

                        Monitoring for changes in file attributes could alert a system administrator to activity that could indicate intruder activity or policy violation.

                        Create audit rules

                        Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory, ending in .rules extension, with the relevant rules to monitor discretionary access control permission modification events.

                        64 Bit systems

                        Example:

                        # {

                        UID_MIN=$(awk '/^\s*UID_MIN/{print $2}' /etc/login.defs)

                        [ -n "${UID_MIN}" ] && printf "

                        -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S chmod,fchmod,fchmodat -F auid>=${UID_MIN} -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod

                        -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S chown,fchown,lchown,fchownat -F auid>=${UID_MIN} -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod

                        -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S chmod,fchmod,fchmodat -F auid>=${UID_MIN} -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod

                        -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S lchown,fchown,chown,fchownat -F auid>=${UID_MIN} -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod

                        -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S setxattr,lsetxattr,fsetxattr,removexattr,lremovexattr,fremovexattr -F auid>=${UID_MIN} -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod

                        -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S setxattr,lsetxattr,fsetxattr,removexattr,lremovexattr,fremovexattr -F auid>=${UID_MIN} -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod

                        " >> /etc/audit/rules.d/50-perm_mod.rules || printf "ERROR: Variable 'UID_MIN' is unset.\n"

                        }

                        Load audit rules

                        Merge and load the rules into active configuration:

                        # augenrules --load

                        Check if reboot is required.

                        # if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to load rules\n"; fi
                        32 Bit systems

                        Follow the same procedures as for 64 bit systems and ignore any entries with b64 .

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • audit rule for syscall: "chmod" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "fchmod" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "fchmodat" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "chmod" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "fchmod" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "fchmodat" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        Errors:
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • audit rule for syscall: "chown" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "fchown" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "lchown" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "fchownat" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "chown" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "fchown" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "lchown" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "fchownat" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        Errors:
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • audit rule for syscall: "chmod" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "fchmod" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "fchmodat" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "chmod" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "fchmod" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "fchmodat" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        Errors:
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • audit rule for syscall: "lchown" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "fchown" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "chown" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "fchownat" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "lchown" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "fchown" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "chown" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "fchownat" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        Errors:
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • audit rule for syscall: "setxattr" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "lsetxattr" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "fsetxattr" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "removexattr" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "lremovexattr" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "fremovexattr" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "setxattr" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "lsetxattr" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "fsetxattr" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "removexattr" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "lremovexattr" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "fremovexattr" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        Errors:
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • audit rule for syscall: "setxattr" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "lsetxattr" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "fsetxattr" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "removexattr" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "lremovexattr" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "fremovexattr" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "setxattr" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "lsetxattr" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "fsetxattr" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "removexattr" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "lremovexattr" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "fremovexattr" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        Errors:
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found


                        Show Rule Result XML
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                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
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                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
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                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
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                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.9_Ensure_discretionary_access_control_permission_modification_events_are_collected"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.957Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/5"
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   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, CM-6</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
               <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
                  <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                               negate="false"
                               multi-check="false">
                     <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                         value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995166_var"/>
                     <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"/>
                     <xccdf:check-content>
                        <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"
                                        xccdf="fail"
                                        script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"
                                        exit-value="102">
                           <out>
                              <l>FAILED</l>
                              <l/>
                              <l>audit rule for syscall: "chmod" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                              <l>audit rule for syscall: "fchmod" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                              <l>audit rule for syscall: "fchmodat" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                              <l/>
                              <l>audit rule for syscall: "chmod" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                              <l>audit rule for syscall: "fchmod" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                              <l>audit rule for syscall: "fchmodat" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                           </out>
                           <err>
                              <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                              <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                              <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                              <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                              <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                              <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                           </err>
                           <env/>
                        </command_result>
                     </xccdf:check-content>
                     <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                        <div class="sce">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                                    <td>sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                                    <td>102</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                                    <td>
                                       <ul class="unstyled">
                                          <li>FAILED</li>
                                          <li/>
                                          <li>audit rule for syscall: "chmod" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                          <li>audit rule for syscall: "fchmod" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                          <li>audit rule for syscall: "fchmodat" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                          <li/>
                                          <li>audit rule for syscall: "chmod" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                                          <li>audit rule for syscall: "fchmod" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                                          <li>audit rule for syscall: "fchmodat" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                                       </ul>
                                    </td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                                    <td>
                                       <ul>
                                          <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                          <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                          <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                          <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                          <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                          <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                       </ul>
                                    </td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </evidence>
                  </xccdf:check>
                  <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                               negate="false"
                               multi-check="false">
                     <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                         value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995170_var"/>
                     <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"/>
                     <xccdf:check-content>
                        <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"
                                        xccdf="fail"
                                        script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"
                                        exit-value="102">
                           <out>
                              <l>FAILED</l>
                              <l/>
                              <l>audit rule for syscall: "chown" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                              <l>audit rule for syscall: "fchown" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                              <l>audit rule for syscall: "lchown" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                              <l>audit rule for syscall: "fchownat" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                              <l/>
                              <l>audit rule for syscall: "chown" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                              <l>audit rule for syscall: "fchown" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                              <l>audit rule for syscall: "lchown" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                              <l>audit rule for syscall: "fchownat" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                           </out>
                           <err>
                              <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                              <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                              <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                              <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                              <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                              <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                              <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                              <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                           </err>
                           <env/>
                        </command_result>
                     </xccdf:check-content>
                     <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                        <div class="sce">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                                    <td>sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                                    <td>102</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                                    <td>
                                       <ul class="unstyled">
                                          <li>FAILED</li>
                                          <li/>
                                          <li>audit rule for syscall: "chown" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                          <li>audit rule for syscall: "fchown" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                          <li>audit rule for syscall: "lchown" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                          <li>audit rule for syscall: "fchownat" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                          <li/>
                                          <li>audit rule for syscall: "chown" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                                          <li>audit rule for syscall: "fchown" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                                          <li>audit rule for syscall: "lchown" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                                          <li>audit rule for syscall: "fchownat" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                                       </ul>
                                    </td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                                    <td>
                                       <ul>
                                          <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                          <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                          <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                          <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                          <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                          <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                          <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                          <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                       </ul>
                                    </td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </evidence>
                  </xccdf:check>
               </xccdf:complex-check>
               <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                            negate="false"
                            multi-check="false">
                  <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                      value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995174_var"/>
                  <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"/>
                  <xccdf:check-content>
                     <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"
                                     xccdf="fail"
                                     script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"
                                     exit-value="102">
                        <out>
                           <l>FAILED</l>
                           <l/>
                           <l>audit rule for syscall: "chmod" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                           <l>audit rule for syscall: "fchmod" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                           <l>audit rule for syscall: "fchmodat" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                           <l/>
                           <l>audit rule for syscall: "chmod" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                           <l>audit rule for syscall: "fchmod" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                           <l>audit rule for syscall: "fchmodat" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                        </out>
                        <err>
                           <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                           <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                           <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                           <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                           <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                           <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                        </err>
                        <env/>
                     </command_result>
                  </xccdf:check-content>
                  <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                     <div class="sce">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                                 <td>sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                                 <td>102</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                                 <td>
                                    <ul class="unstyled">
                                       <li>FAILED</li>
                                       <li/>
                                       <li>audit rule for syscall: "chmod" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                       <li>audit rule for syscall: "fchmod" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                       <li>audit rule for syscall: "fchmodat" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                       <li/>
                                       <li>audit rule for syscall: "chmod" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                                       <li>audit rule for syscall: "fchmod" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                                       <li>audit rule for syscall: "fchmodat" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                                    </ul>
                                 </td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                                 <td>
                                    <ul>
                                       <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                       <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                       <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                       <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                       <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                       <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                    </ul>
                                 </td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </evidence>
               </xccdf:check>
            </xccdf:complex-check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995176_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"
                                  xccdf="fail"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"
                                  exit-value="102">
                     <out>
                        <l>FAILED</l>
                        <l/>
                        <l>audit rule for syscall: "lchown" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                        <l>audit rule for syscall: "fchown" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                        <l>audit rule for syscall: "chown" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                        <l>audit rule for syscall: "fchownat" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                        <l/>
                        <l>audit rule for syscall: "lchown" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                        <l>audit rule for syscall: "fchown" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                        <l>audit rule for syscall: "chown" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                        <l>audit rule for syscall: "fchownat" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                     </out>
                     <err>
                        <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                        <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                        <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                        <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                        <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                        <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                        <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                        <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                     </err>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>102</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li>FAILED</li>
                                    <li/>
                                    <li>audit rule for syscall: "lchown" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                    <li>audit rule for syscall: "fchown" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                    <li>audit rule for syscall: "chown" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                    <li>audit rule for syscall: "fchownat" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                    <li/>
                                    <li>audit rule for syscall: "lchown" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                                    <li>audit rule for syscall: "fchown" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                                    <li>audit rule for syscall: "chown" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                                    <li>audit rule for syscall: "fchownat" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul>
                                    <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                    <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                    <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                    <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                    <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                    <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                    <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                    <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995181_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"
                               xccdf="fail"
                               script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"
                               exit-value="102">
                  <out>
                     <l>FAILED</l>
                     <l/>
                     <l>audit rule for syscall: "setxattr" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                     <l>audit rule for syscall: "lsetxattr" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                     <l>audit rule for syscall: "fsetxattr" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                     <l>audit rule for syscall: "removexattr" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                     <l>audit rule for syscall: "lremovexattr" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                     <l>audit rule for syscall: "fremovexattr" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                     <l/>
                     <l>audit rule for syscall: "setxattr" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                     <l>audit rule for syscall: "lsetxattr" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                     <l>audit rule for syscall: "fsetxattr" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                     <l>audit rule for syscall: "removexattr" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                     <l>audit rule for syscall: "lremovexattr" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                     <l>audit rule for syscall: "fremovexattr" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                  </out>
                  <err>
                     <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                     <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                     <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                     <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                     <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                     <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                     <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                     <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                     <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                     <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                     <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                     <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  </err>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>102</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li>FAILED</li>
                                 <li/>
                                 <li>audit rule for syscall: "setxattr" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                 <li>audit rule for syscall: "lsetxattr" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                 <li>audit rule for syscall: "fsetxattr" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                 <li>audit rule for syscall: "removexattr" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                 <li>audit rule for syscall: "lremovexattr" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                 <li>audit rule for syscall: "fremovexattr" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                 <li/>
                                 <li>audit rule for syscall: "setxattr" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                                 <li>audit rule for syscall: "lsetxattr" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                                 <li>audit rule for syscall: "fsetxattr" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                                 <li>audit rule for syscall: "removexattr" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                                 <li>audit rule for syscall: "lremovexattr" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                                 <li>audit rule for syscall: "fremovexattr" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul>
                                 <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                 <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                 <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                 <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                 <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                 <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                 <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                 <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                 <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                 <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                 <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                 <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995185_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>FAILED</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>audit rule for syscall: "setxattr" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                  <l>audit rule for syscall: "lsetxattr" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                  <l>audit rule for syscall: "fsetxattr" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                  <l>audit rule for syscall: "removexattr" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                  <l>audit rule for syscall: "lremovexattr" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                  <l>audit rule for syscall: "fremovexattr" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>audit rule for syscall: "setxattr" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                  <l>audit rule for syscall: "lsetxattr" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                  <l>audit rule for syscall: "fsetxattr" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                  <l>audit rule for syscall: "removexattr" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                  <l>audit rule for syscall: "lremovexattr" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                  <l>audit rule for syscall: "fremovexattr" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
               </out>
               <err>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
               </err>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>FAILED</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>audit rule for syscall: "setxattr" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                              <li>audit rule for syscall: "lsetxattr" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                              <li>audit rule for syscall: "fsetxattr" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                              <li>audit rule for syscall: "removexattr" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                              <li>audit rule for syscall: "lremovexattr" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                              <li>audit rule for syscall: "fremovexattr" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>audit rule for syscall: "setxattr" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                              <li>audit rule for syscall: "lsetxattr" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                              <li>audit rule for syscall: "fsetxattr" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                              <li>audit rule for syscall: "removexattr" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                              <li>audit rule for syscall: "lremovexattr" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                              <li>audit rule for syscall: "fremovexattr" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, CM-6

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                          Subcontrol: 5.5
                          Label: Implement Automated Configuration Monitoring Systems
                          Description: Utilize a Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) compliant configuration monitoring system to verify all security configuration elements, catalog approved exceptions, and alert when unauthorized changes occur.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Safeguard: 8.5
                          Label: Collect Detailed Audit Logs
                          Description: Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data. Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.
                          Implementation Group: IG-2
                          Security Function: Detect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Fail

                        5.2.3.10 Ensure successful file system mounts are collected

                        Description:

                        Monitor the use of the mount system call. The mount (and umount ) system call controls the mounting and unmounting of file systems. The parameters below configure the system to create an audit record when the mount system call is used by a non-privileged user

                        It is highly unusual for a non privileged user to mount file systems to the system. While tracking mount commands gives the system administrator evidence that external media may have been mounted (based on a review of the source of the mount and confirming it's an external media type), it does not conclusively indicate that data was exported to the media. System administrators who wish to determine if data were exported, would also have to track successful open , creat and truncate system calls requiring write access to a file under the mount point of the external media file system. This could give a fair indication that a write occurred. The only way to truly prove it, would be to track successful writes to the external media. Tracking write system calls could quickly fill up the audit log and is not recommended. Recommendations on configuration options to track data export to media is beyond the scope of this document.

                        Create audit rules

                        Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory, ending in .rules extension, with the relevant rules to monitor successful file system mounts.

                        64 Bit systems

                        Example:

                        # {

                        UID_MIN=$(awk '/^\s*UID_MIN/{print $2}' /etc/login.defs)

                        [ -n "${UID_MIN}" ] && printf "

                        -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S mount -F auid>=$UID_MIN -F auid!=unset -k mounts

                        -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S mount -F auid>=$UID_MIN -F auid!=unset -k mounts

                        " >> /etc/audit/rules.d/50-mounts.rules || printf "ERROR: Variable 'UID_MIN' is unset.\n"

                        }

                        Load audit rules

                        Merge and load the rules into active configuration:

                        # augenrules --load

                        Check if reboot is required.

                        # if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to load rules\n"; fi
                        32 Bit systems

                        Follow the same procedures as for 64 bit systems and ignore any entries with b64 .

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • audit rule for syscall: "mount" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "mount" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        Errors:
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • audit rule for syscall: "mount" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "mount" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        Errors:
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.10_Ensure_successful_file_system_mounts_are_collected"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.957Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995189_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>FAILED</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>audit rule for syscall: "mount" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>audit rule for syscall: "mount" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
               </out>
               <err>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
               </err>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>FAILED</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>audit rule for syscall: "mount" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>audit rule for syscall: "mount" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995192_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>FAILED</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>audit rule for syscall: "mount" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>audit rule for syscall: "mount" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
               </out>
               <err>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
               </err>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>FAILED</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>audit rule for syscall: "mount" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>audit rule for syscall: "mount" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-6

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Subcontrol: 6.3
                          Label: Enable Detailed Logging
                          Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Safeguard: 8.5
                          Label: Collect Detailed Audit Logs
                          Description: Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data. Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.
                          Implementation Group: IG-2
                          Security Function: Detect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Fail

                        5.2.3.11 Ensure session initiation information is collected

                        Description:

                        Monitor session initiation events. The parameters in this section track changes to the files associated with session events.

                        • /var/run/utmp - tracks all currently logged in users.
                        • /var/log/wtmp - file tracks logins, logouts, shutdown, and reboot events.
                        • /var/log/btmp - keeps track of failed login attempts and can be read by entering the command /usr/bin/last -f /var/log/btmp .

                        All audit records will be tagged with the identifier "session."

                        Monitoring these files for changes could alert a system administrator to logins occurring at unusual hours, which could indicate intruder activity (i.e. a user logging in at a time when they do not normally log in).

                        Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory, ending in .rules extension, with the relevant rules to monitor session initiation information.

                        Example:

                        # printf "

                        -w /var/run/utmp -p wa -k session

                        -w /var/log/wtmp -p wa -k session

                        -w /var/log/btmp -p wa -k session

                        " >> /etc/audit/rules.d/50-session.rules

                        Merge and load the rules into active configuration:

                        # augenrules --load

                        Check if reboot is required.

                        # if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to load rules\n"; fi

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/var\/run\/utmp\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/var\/run\/utmp\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/var\/run\/utmp\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/var\/run\/utmp\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/var\/log\/wtmp\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/var\/log\/wtmp\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.11_Ensure_session_initiation_information_is_collected"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.957Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/9"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/13"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995196_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                               xccdf="fail"
                               script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                               exit-value="102">
                  <out>
                     <l>FAILED</l>
                     <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                     <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/var\/run\/utmp\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                     <l/>
                     <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                     <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/var\/run\/utmp\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                     <l/>
                  </out>
                  <err>
                     <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  </err>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>102</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li>FAILED</li>
                                 <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                                 <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/var\/run\/utmp\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                 <li/>
                                 <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                                 <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/var\/run\/utmp\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                 <li/>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul>
                                 <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995201_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                               xccdf="fail"
                               script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                               exit-value="102">
                  <out>
                     <l>FAILED</l>
                     <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                     <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/var\/run\/utmp\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                     <l/>
                     <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                     <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/var\/run\/utmp\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                     <l/>
                  </out>
                  <err>
                     <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  </err>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>102</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li>FAILED</li>
                                 <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                                 <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/var\/run\/utmp\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                 <li/>
                                 <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                                 <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/var\/run\/utmp\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                                 <li/>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul>
                                 <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995203_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>FAILED</l>
                  <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                  <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/var\/log\/wtmp\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                  <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/var\/log\/wtmp\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
               </err>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>FAILED</li>
                              <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                              <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/var\/log\/wtmp\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                              <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/var\/log\/wtmp\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications.
                          Subcontrol: 4.9
                          Label: Log and Alert on Unsuccessful Administrative Account Login
                          Description: Configure systems to issue a log entry and alert on unsuccessful logins to an administrative account.
                        • Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them.
                          Subcontrol: 16.13
                          Label: Alert on Account Login Behavior Deviation
                          Description: Alert when users deviate from normal login behavior, such as time-of-day, workstation location and duration.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Safeguard: 8.5
                          Label: Collect Detailed Audit Logs
                          Description: Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data. Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.
                          Implementation Group: IG-2
                          Security Function: Detect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Fail

                        5.2.3.12 Ensure login and logout events are collected

                        Description:

                        Monitor login and logout events. The parameters below track changes to files associated with login/logout events.

                        • /var/log/lastlog - maintain records of the last time a user successfully logged in.
                        • /var/run/faillock - directory maintains records of login failures via the pam_faillock module.

                        Monitoring login/logout events could provide a system administrator with information associated with brute force attacks against user logins.

                        Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory, ending in .rules extension, with the relevant rules to monitor login and logout events.

                        Example:

                        # printf "

                        -w /var/log/lastlog -p wa -k logins

                        -w /var/run/faillock -p wa -k logins

                        " >> /etc/audit/rules.d/50-login.rules

                        Merge and load the rules into active configuration:

                        # augenrules --load

                        Check if reboot is required.

                        # if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to load rules\n"; fi

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/var\/log\/lastlog\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/var\/log\/lastlog\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/var\/run\/faillock\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/var\/run\/faillock\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.12_Ensure_login_and_logout_events_are_collected"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.958Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/9"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/11"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/13"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995208_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>FAILED</l>
                  <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                  <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/var\/log\/lastlog\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                  <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/var\/log\/lastlog\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
               </err>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>FAILED</li>
                              <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                              <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/var\/log\/lastlog\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                              <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/var\/log\/lastlog\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995212_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>FAILED</l>
                  <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                  <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/var\/run\/faillock\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                  <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/var\/run\/faillock\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
               </err>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>FAILED</li>
                              <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                              <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/var\/run\/faillock\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                              <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/var\/run\/faillock\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications.
                          Subcontrol: 4.9
                          Label: Log and Alert on Unsuccessful Administrative Account Login
                          Description: Configure systems to issue a log entry and alert on unsuccessful logins to an administrative account.
                        • Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them.
                          Subcontrol: 16.11
                          Label: Lock Workstation Sessions After Inactivity
                          Description: Automatically lock workstation sessions after a standard period of inactivity.
                        • Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them.
                          Subcontrol: 16.13
                          Label: Alert on Account Login Behavior Deviation
                          Description: Alert when users deviate from normal login behavior, such as time-of-day, workstation location and duration.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Safeguard: 8.5
                          Label: Collect Detailed Audit Logs
                          Description: Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data. Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.
                          Implementation Group: IG-2
                          Security Function: Detect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Fail

                        5.2.3.13 Ensure file deletion events by users are collected

                        Description:

                        Monitor the use of system calls associated with the deletion or renaming of files and file attributes. This configuration statement sets up monitoring for:

                        • unlink - remove a file
                        • unlinkat - remove a file attribute
                        • rename - rename a file
                        • renameat rename a file attribute system calls and tags them with the identifier "delete".

                        Monitoring these calls from non-privileged users could provide a system administrator with evidence that inappropriate removal of files and file attributes associated with protected files is occurring. While this audit option will look at all events, system administrators will want to look for specific privileged files that are being deleted or altered.

                        Create audit rules

                        Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory, ending in .rules extension, with the relevant rules to monitor file deletion events by users.

                        64 Bit systems

                        Example:

                        # {

                        UID_MIN=$(awk '/^\s*UID_MIN/{print $2}' /etc/login.defs)

                        [ -n "${UID_MIN}" ] && printf "

                        -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S rename,unlink,unlinkat,renameat -F auid>=${UID_MIN} -F auid!=unset -F key=delete

                        -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S rename,unlink,unlinkat,renameat -F auid>=${UID_MIN} -F auid!=unset -F key=delete

                        " >> /etc/audit/rules.d/50-delete.rules || printf "ERROR: Variable 'UID_MIN' is unset.\n"

                        }

                        Load audit rules

                        Merge and load the rules into active configuration:

                        # augenrules --load

                        Check if reboot is required.

                        # if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to load rules\n"; fi
                        32 Bit systems

                        Follow the same procedures as for 64 bit systems and ignore any entries with b64 .

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • audit rule for syscall: "unlink" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "unlinkat" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "rename" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "renameat" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "unlink" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "unlinkat" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "rename" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "renameat" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        Errors:
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • audit rule for syscall: "unlink" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "unlinkat" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "rename" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "renameat" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "unlink" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "unlinkat" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "rename" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "renameat" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        Errors:
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.13_Ensure_file_deletion_events_by_users_are_collected"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.959Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-12, SC-7</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995216_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>FAILED</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>audit rule for syscall: "unlink" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                  <l>audit rule for syscall: "unlinkat" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                  <l>audit rule for syscall: "rename" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                  <l>audit rule for syscall: "renameat" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>audit rule for syscall: "unlink" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                  <l>audit rule for syscall: "unlinkat" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                  <l>audit rule for syscall: "rename" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                  <l>audit rule for syscall: "renameat" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
               </out>
               <err>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
               </err>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>FAILED</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>audit rule for syscall: "unlink" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                              <li>audit rule for syscall: "unlinkat" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                              <li>audit rule for syscall: "rename" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                              <li>audit rule for syscall: "renameat" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>audit rule for syscall: "unlink" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                              <li>audit rule for syscall: "unlinkat" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                              <li>audit rule for syscall: "rename" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                              <li>audit rule for syscall: "renameat" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995220_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>FAILED</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>audit rule for syscall: "unlink" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                  <l>audit rule for syscall: "unlinkat" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                  <l>audit rule for syscall: "rename" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                  <l>audit rule for syscall: "renameat" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>audit rule for syscall: "unlink" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                  <l>audit rule for syscall: "unlinkat" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                  <l>audit rule for syscall: "rename" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                  <l>audit rule for syscall: "renameat" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
               </out>
               <err>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                  <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
               </err>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>FAILED</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>audit rule for syscall: "unlink" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                              <li>audit rule for syscall: "unlinkat" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                              <li>audit rule for syscall: "rename" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                              <li>audit rule for syscall: "renameat" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>audit rule for syscall: "unlink" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                              <li>audit rule for syscall: "unlinkat" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                              <li>audit rule for syscall: "rename" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                              <li>audit rule for syscall: "renameat" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                              <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-12, SC-7

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Subcontrol: 6.2
                          Label: Activate audit logging
                          Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Safeguard: 8.5
                          Label: Collect Detailed Audit Logs
                          Description: Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data. Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.
                          Implementation Group: IG-2
                          Security Function: Detect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Fail

                        5.2.3.14 Ensure events that modify the system's Mandatory Access Controls are collected

                        Description:

                        Monitor AppArmor, an implementation of mandatory access controls. The parameters below monitor any write access (potential additional, deletion or modification of files in the directory) or attribute changes to the /etc/apparmor/ and /etc/apparmor.d/ directories.

                        Note: If a different Mandatory Access Control method is used, changes to the corresponding directories should be audited.

                        Changes to files in the /etc/apparmor/ and /etc/apparmor.d/ directories could indicate that an unauthorized user is attempting to modify access controls and change security contexts, leading to a compromise of the system.

                        Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory, ending in .rules extension, with the relevant rules to monitor events that modify the system's Mandatory Access Controls.

                        Example:

                        # printf "

                        -w /etc/apparmor/ -p wa -k MAC-policy

                        -w /etc/apparmor.d/ -p wa -k MAC-policy

                        " >> /etc/audit/rules.d/50-MAC-policy.rules

                        Merge and load the rules into active configuration:

                        # augenrules --load

                        Check if reboot is required.

                        # if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to load rules\n"; fi

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/apparmor\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/apparmor\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/apparmor.d\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/apparmor.d\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.14_Ensure_events_that_modify_the_systems_Mandatory_Access_Controls_are_collected"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.959Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/5/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, CM-6</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995224_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>FAILED</l>
                  <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                  <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/apparmor\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                  <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/apparmor\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
               </err>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>FAILED</li>
                              <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                              <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/apparmor\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                              <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/apparmor\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995226_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>FAILED</l>
                  <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                  <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/apparmor.d\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                  <l>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/apparmor.d\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
               </err>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>FAILED</li>
                              <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                              <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/apparmor.d\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                              <li>"^\h*-w\h+\/etc\/apparmor.d\/?\h+-p\h+wa\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, CM-6

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 5: Secure Configuration for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations and Servers: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Establish, implement, and actively manage (track, report on, correct) the security configuration of mobile devices, laptops, servers, and workstations using a rigorous configuration management and change control process in order to prevent attackers from exploiting vulnerable services and settings.
                          Subcontrol: 5.5
                          Label: Implement Automated Configuration Monitoring Systems
                          Description: Utilize a Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) compliant configuration monitoring system to verify all security configuration elements, catalog approved exceptions, and alert when unauthorized changes occur.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Safeguard: 8.5
                          Label: Collect Detailed Audit Logs
                          Description: Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data. Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.
                          Implementation Group: IG-2
                          Security Function: Detect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Fail

                        5.2.3.15 Ensure successful and unsuccessful attempts to use the chcon command are recorded

                        Description:

                        The operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the chcon command.

                        The chcon command is used to change file security context. Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one.

                        Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).

                        Create audit rules

                        Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory, ending in .rules extension, with the relevant rules to monitor successful and unsuccessful attempts to use the chcon command.

                        64 Bit systems

                        Example:

                        # {

                        UID_MIN=$(awk '/^\s*UID_MIN/{print $2}' /etc/login.defs)

                        [ -n "${UID_MIN}" ] && printf "

                        -a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/chcon -F perm=x -F auid>=${UID_MIN} -F auid!=unset -k perm_chng

                        " >> /etc/audit/rules.d/50-perm_chng.rules || printf "ERROR: Variable 'UID_MIN' is unset.\n"

                        }

                        Load audit rules

                        Merge and load the rules into active configuration:

                        # augenrules --load

                        Check if reboot is required.

                        # if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to load rules\n"; fi
                        32 Bit systems

                        Follow the same procedures as for 64 bit systems and ignore any entries with b64 .

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(?:exit,always|always,exit)\h+(?:-S\h+all\h+)?(?:-F\h+path=\/usr\/bin\/chcon(?:\/)?)\h+(?!(?:\2\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid>=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid>=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\2))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid>=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?:-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#[^
                        • ]+)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(?:exit,always|always,exit)\h+(?:-S\h+all\h+)?(?:-F\h+path=\/usr\/bin\/chcon(?:\/)?)\h+(?!(?:\2\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid>=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid>=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\2))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid>=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?:-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#[^
                        • ]+)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.15_Ensure_successful_and_unsuccessful_attempts_to_use_the_chcon_command_are_recorded"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.959Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-12, SI-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995232_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>FAILED</l>
                  <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                  <l>"^\h*-a\h+(?:exit,always|always,exit)\h+(?:-S\h+all\h+)?(?:-F\h+path=\/usr\/bin\/chcon(?:\/)?)\h+(?!(?:\2\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\2))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?:-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#[^</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>]+)?$"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                  <l>"^\h*-a\h+(?:exit,always|always,exit)\h+(?:-S\h+all\h+)?(?:-F\h+path=\/usr\/bin\/chcon(?:\/)?)\h+(?!(?:\2\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\2))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?:-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#[^</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>]+)?$"</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
               </err>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>FAILED</li>
                              <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                              <li>"^\h*-a\h+(?:exit,always|always,exit)\h+(?:-S\h+all\h+)?(?:-F\h+path=\/usr\/bin\/chcon(?:\/)?)\h+(?!(?:\2\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\2))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?:-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#[^</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>]+)?$"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                              <li>"^\h*-a\h+(?:exit,always|always,exit)\h+(?:-S\h+all\h+)?(?:-F\h+path=\/usr\/bin\/chcon(?:\/)?)\h+(?!(?:\2\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\2))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?:-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#[^</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>]+)?$"</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-12, SI-5

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Subcontrol: 6.2
                          Label: Activate audit logging
                          Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Safeguard: 8.2
                          Label: Collect Audit Logs
                          Description: Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management process, has been enabled across enterprise assets.
                          Implementation Group: IG-1
                          Security Function: Detect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Fail

                        5.2.3.16 Ensure successful and unsuccessful attempts to use the setfacl command are recorded

                        Description:

                        The operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the setfacl command

                        This utility sets Access Control Lists (ACLs) of files and directories. Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one.

                        Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).

                        Create audit rules

                        Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory, ending in .rules extension, with the relevant rules to monitor successful and unsuccessful attempts to use the setfacl command.

                        64 Bit systems

                        Example:

                        # {

                        UID_MIN=$(awk '/^\s*UID_MIN/{print $2}' /etc/login.defs)

                        [ -n "${UID_MIN}" ] && printf "

                        -a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/setfacl -F perm=x -F auid>=${UID_MIN} -F auid!=unset -k perm_chng

                        " >> /etc/audit/rules.d/50-perm_chng.rules || printf "ERROR: Variable 'UID_MIN' is unset.\n"

                        }

                        Load audit rules

                        Merge and load the rules into active configuration:

                        # augenrules --load

                        Check if reboot is required.

                        # if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to load rules\n"; fi
                        32 Bit systems

                        Follow the same procedures as for 64 bit systems and ignore any entries with b64 .

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(?:exit,always|always,exit)\h+(?:-S\h+all\h+)?(?:-F\h+path=\/usr\/bin\/setfacl(?:\/)?)\h+(?!(?:\2\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid>=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid>=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\2))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid>=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?:-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#[^
                        • ]+)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(?:exit,always|always,exit)\h+(?:-S\h+all\h+)?(?:-F\h+path=\/usr\/bin\/setfacl(?:\/)?)\h+(?!(?:\2\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid>=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid>=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\2))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid>=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?:-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#[^
                        • ]+)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.16_Ensure_successful_and_unsuccessful_attempts_to_use_the_setfacl_command_are_recorded"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.959Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-12, SI-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995235_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>FAILED</l>
                  <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                  <l>"^\h*-a\h+(?:exit,always|always,exit)\h+(?:-S\h+all\h+)?(?:-F\h+path=\/usr\/bin\/setfacl(?:\/)?)\h+(?!(?:\2\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\2))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?:-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#[^</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>]+)?$"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                  <l>"^\h*-a\h+(?:exit,always|always,exit)\h+(?:-S\h+all\h+)?(?:-F\h+path=\/usr\/bin\/setfacl(?:\/)?)\h+(?!(?:\2\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\2))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?:-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#[^</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>]+)?$"</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
               </err>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>FAILED</li>
                              <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                              <li>"^\h*-a\h+(?:exit,always|always,exit)\h+(?:-S\h+all\h+)?(?:-F\h+path=\/usr\/bin\/setfacl(?:\/)?)\h+(?!(?:\2\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\2))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?:-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#[^</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>]+)?$"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                              <li>"^\h*-a\h+(?:exit,always|always,exit)\h+(?:-S\h+all\h+)?(?:-F\h+path=\/usr\/bin\/setfacl(?:\/)?)\h+(?!(?:\2\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\2))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?:-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#[^</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>]+)?$"</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-12, SI-5

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Subcontrol: 6.2
                          Label: Activate audit logging
                          Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Safeguard: 8.2
                          Label: Collect Audit Logs
                          Description: Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management process, has been enabled across enterprise assets.
                          Implementation Group: IG-1
                          Security Function: Detect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Fail

                        5.2.3.17 Ensure successful and unsuccessful attempts to use the chacl command are recorded

                        Description:

                        The operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the chacl command.

                        chacl is an IRIX-compatibility command, and is maintained for those users who are familiar with its use from either XFS or IRIX.

                        chacl changes the ACL(s) for a file or directory. Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one.

                        Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).

                        Create audit rules

                        Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory, ending in .rules extension, with the relevant rules to monitor successful and unsuccessful attempts to use the chacl command.

                        64 Bit systems

                        Example:

                        # {

                        UID_MIN=$(awk '/^\s*UID_MIN/{print $2}' /etc/login.defs)

                        [ -n "${UID_MIN}" ] && printf "

                        -a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/chacl -F perm=x -F auid>=${UID_MIN} -F auid!=unset -k perm_chng

                        " >> /etc/audit/rules.d/50-perm_chng.rules || printf "ERROR: Variable 'UID_MIN' is unset.\n"

                        }

                        Load audit rules

                        Merge and load the rules into active configuration:

                        # augenrules --load

                        Check if reboot is required.

                        # if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to load rules\n"; fi
                        32 Bit systems

                        Follow the same procedures as for 64 bit systems and ignore any entries with b64 .

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(?:exit,always|always,exit)\h+(?:-S\h+all\h+)?(?:-F\h+path=\/usr\/bin\/chacl(?:\/)?)\h+(?!(?:\2\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid>=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid>=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\2))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid>=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?:-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#[^
                        • ]+)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(?:exit,always|always,exit)\h+(?:-S\h+all\h+)?(?:-F\h+path=\/usr\/bin\/chacl(?:\/)?)\h+(?!(?:\2\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid>=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid>=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\2))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid>=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?:-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#[^
                        • ]+)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.17_Ensure_successful_and_unsuccessful_attempts_to_use_the_chacl_command_are_recorded"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.959Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-12, SI-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995238_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>FAILED</l>
                  <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                  <l>"^\h*-a\h+(?:exit,always|always,exit)\h+(?:-S\h+all\h+)?(?:-F\h+path=\/usr\/bin\/chacl(?:\/)?)\h+(?!(?:\2\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\2))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?:-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#[^</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>]+)?$"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                  <l>"^\h*-a\h+(?:exit,always|always,exit)\h+(?:-S\h+all\h+)?(?:-F\h+path=\/usr\/bin\/chacl(?:\/)?)\h+(?!(?:\2\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\2))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?:-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#[^</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>]+)?$"</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
               </err>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>FAILED</li>
                              <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                              <li>"^\h*-a\h+(?:exit,always|always,exit)\h+(?:-S\h+all\h+)?(?:-F\h+path=\/usr\/bin\/chacl(?:\/)?)\h+(?!(?:\2\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\2))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?:-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#[^</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>]+)?$"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                              <li>"^\h*-a\h+(?:exit,always|always,exit)\h+(?:-S\h+all\h+)?(?:-F\h+path=\/usr\/bin\/chacl(?:\/)?)\h+(?!(?:\2\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\2))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?:-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#[^</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>]+)?$"</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-12, SI-5

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Subcontrol: 6.2
                          Label: Activate audit logging
                          Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Safeguard: 8.2
                          Label: Collect Audit Logs
                          Description: Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management process, has been enabled across enterprise assets.
                          Implementation Group: IG-1
                          Security Function: Detect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Fail

                        5.2.3.18 Ensure successful and unsuccessful attempts to use the usermod command are recorded

                        Description:

                        The operating system must generate audit records for successful/unsuccessful uses of the usermod command.

                        The usermod command modifies the system account files to reflect the changes that are specified on the command line. Without generating audit records that are specific to the security and mission needs of the organization, it would be difficult to establish, correlate, and investigate the events relating to an incident or identify those responsible for one.

                        Audit records can be generated from various components within the information system (e.g., module or policy filter).

                        Create audit rules

                        Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory, ending in .rules extension, with the relevant rules to monitor successful and unsuccessful attempts to use the usermod command.

                        64 Bit systems

                        Example:

                        # {

                        UID_MIN=$(awk '/^\s*UID_MIN/{print $2}' /etc/login.defs)

                        [ -n "${UID_MIN}" ] && printf "

                        -a always,exit -F path=/usr/sbin/usermod -F perm=x -F auid>=${UID_MIN} -F auid!=unset -k usermod

                        " >> /etc/audit/rules.d/50-usermod.rules || printf "ERROR: Variable 'UID_MIN' is unset.\n"

                        }

                        Load audit rules

                        Merge and load the rules into active configuration:

                        # augenrules --load

                        Check if reboot is required.

                        # if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to load rules\n"; fi
                        32 Bit systems

                        Follow the same procedures as for 64 bit systems and ignore any entries with b64 .

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(?:exit,always|always,exit)\h+(?:-S\h+all\h+)?(?:-F\h+path=\/usr\/sbin\/usermod(?:\/)?)\h+(?!(?:\2\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid>=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid>=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\2))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid>=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?:-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#[^
                        • ]+)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(?:exit,always|always,exit)\h+(?:-S\h+all\h+)?(?:-F\h+path=\/usr\/sbin\/usermod(?:\/)?)\h+(?!(?:\2\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid>=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid>=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\2))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid>=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?:-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#[^
                        • ]+)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.18_Ensure_successful_and_unsuccessful_attempts_to_use_the_usermod_command_are_recorded"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.959Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-12, SI-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995241_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>FAILED</l>
                  <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                  <l>"^\h*-a\h+(?:exit,always|always,exit)\h+(?:-S\h+all\h+)?(?:-F\h+path=\/usr\/sbin\/usermod(?:\/)?)\h+(?!(?:\2\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\2))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?:-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#[^</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>]+)?$"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                  <l>"^\h*-a\h+(?:exit,always|always,exit)\h+(?:-S\h+all\h+)?(?:-F\h+path=\/usr\/sbin\/usermod(?:\/)?)\h+(?!(?:\2\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\2))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?:-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#[^</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>]+)?$"</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
               </err>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>FAILED</li>
                              <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                              <li>"^\h*-a\h+(?:exit,always|always,exit)\h+(?:-S\h+all\h+)?(?:-F\h+path=\/usr\/sbin\/usermod(?:\/)?)\h+(?!(?:\2\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\2))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?:-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#[^</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>]+)?$"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                              <li>"^\h*-a\h+(?:exit,always|always,exit)\h+(?:-S\h+all\h+)?(?:-F\h+path=\/usr\/sbin\/usermod(?:\/)?)\h+(?!(?:\2\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\3))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?!(?:\1\2))(-F\h+perm=x\h*|-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h*|(?:-F\h+(?:auid!=(?:unset|-1|4294967295)|(?:unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h*))(?:-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#[^</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>]+)?$"</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-2, AU-12, SI-5

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Subcontrol: 6.2
                          Label: Activate audit logging
                          Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Safeguard: 8.2
                          Label: Collect Audit Logs
                          Description: Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise's audit log management process, has been enabled across enterprise assets.
                          Implementation Group: IG-1
                          Security Function: Detect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Fail

                        5.2.3.19 Ensure kernel module loading unloading and modification is collected

                        Description:

                        Monitor the loading and unloading of kernel modules. All the loading / listing / dependency checking of modules is done by kmod via symbolic links.

                        The following system calls control loading and unloading of modules:

                        • init_module - load a module
                        • finit_module - load a module (used when the overhead of using cryptographically signed modules to determine the authenticity of a module can be avoided)
                        • delete_module - delete a module
                        • create_module - create a loadable module entry
                        • query_module - query the kernel for various bits pertaining to modules

                        Any execution of the loading and unloading module programs and system calls will trigger an audit record with an identifier of modules .

                        Monitoring the use of all the various ways to manipulate kernel modules could provide system administrators with evidence that an unauthorized change was made to a kernel module, possibly compromising the security of the system.

                        Create audit rules

                        Edit or create a file in the /etc/audit/rules.d/ directory, ending in .rules extension, with the relevant rules to monitor kernel module modification.

                        64 Bit systems

                        Example:

                        # {

                        UID_MIN=$(awk '/^\s*UID_MIN/{print $2}' /etc/login.defs)

                        [ -n "${UID_MIN}" ] && printf "

                        -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S init_module,finit_module,delete_module,create_module,query_module -F auid>=${UID_MIN} -F auid!=unset -k kernel_modules

                        -a always,exit -F path=/usr/bin/kmod -F perm=x -F auid>=${UID_MIN} -F auid!=unset -k kernel_modules

                        " >> /etc/audit/rules.d/50-kernel_modules.rules || printf "ERROR: Variable 'UID_MIN' is unset.\n"

                        }

                        Load audit rules

                        Merge and load the rules into active configuration:

                        # augenrules --load

                        Check if reboot is required.

                        # if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to load rules\n"; fi

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Complex Check
                        OR
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • audit rule for syscall: "create_module" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "init_module" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "delete_module" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "query_module" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "finit_module" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "create_module" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "init_module" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "delete_module" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "query_module" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "finit_module" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        Errors:
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/arch32_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • system is running: x86_64
                        No error lines were collected.
                        Complex Check
                        OR
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • audit rule for syscall: "create_module" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "init_module" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "delete_module" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "query_module" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "finit_module" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"
                        • audit rule for syscall: "create_module" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "init_module" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "delete_module" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "query_module" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        • audit rule for syscall: "finit_module" doesn't exist in auditd running config
                        Errors:
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        • grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found
                        Script: sce/arch64_chk.sh
                        Result: Pass
                        Exit Value: 101
                        No output lines were collected.
                        No error lines were collected.
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+(-S\h+all\h+)?-F\h+path=\/usr\/bin\/kmod\/?\h+-F\h+(perm=x|x=perm)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        • No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:
                        • "^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+(-S\h+all\h+)?-F\h+path=\/usr\/bin\/kmod\/?\h+-F\h+(perm=x|x=perm)\h+-F\h+auid>=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"
                        Errors:
                        • /root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.19_Ensure_kernel_module_loading_unloading_and_modification_is_collected"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.959Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, CM-6</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995248_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"
                                  xccdf="fail"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"
                                  exit-value="102">
                     <out>
                        <l>FAILED</l>
                        <l/>
                        <l>audit rule for syscall: "create_module" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                        <l>audit rule for syscall: "init_module" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                        <l>audit rule for syscall: "delete_module" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                        <l>audit rule for syscall: "query_module" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                        <l>audit rule for syscall: "finit_module" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                        <l/>
                        <l>audit rule for syscall: "create_module" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                        <l>audit rule for syscall: "init_module" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                        <l>audit rule for syscall: "delete_module" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                        <l>audit rule for syscall: "query_module" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                        <l>audit rule for syscall: "finit_module" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                     </out>
                     <err>
                        <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                        <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                        <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                        <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                        <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                        <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                        <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                        <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                        <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                        <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                     </err>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>102</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li>FAILED</li>
                                    <li/>
                                    <li>audit rule for syscall: "create_module" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                    <li>audit rule for syscall: "init_module" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                    <li>audit rule for syscall: "delete_module" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                    <li>audit rule for syscall: "query_module" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                    <li>audit rule for syscall: "finit_module" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                    <li/>
                                    <li>audit rule for syscall: "create_module" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                                    <li>audit rule for syscall: "init_module" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                                    <li>audit rule for syscall: "delete_module" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                                    <li>audit rule for syscall: "query_module" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                                    <li>audit rule for syscall: "finit_module" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul>
                                    <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                    <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                    <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                    <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                    <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                    <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                    <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                    <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                    <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                    <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/arch32_chk.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/arch32_chk.sh"
                                  xccdf="fail"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/arch32_chk.sh"
                                  exit-value="102">
                     <out>
                        <l>system is running: x86_64</l>
                     </out>
                     <err/>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/arch32_chk.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>102</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li>system is running: x86_64</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="OR" negate="false">
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                   value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995252_var"/>
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"
                                  xccdf="fail"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh"
                                  exit-value="102">
                     <out>
                        <l>FAILED</l>
                        <l/>
                        <l>audit rule for syscall: "create_module" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                        <l>audit rule for syscall: "init_module" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                        <l>audit rule for syscall: "delete_module" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                        <l>audit rule for syscall: "query_module" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                        <l>audit rule for syscall: "finit_module" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</l>
                        <l/>
                        <l>audit rule for syscall: "create_module" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                        <l>audit rule for syscall: "init_module" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                        <l>audit rule for syscall: "delete_module" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                        <l>audit rule for syscall: "query_module" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                        <l>audit rule for syscall: "finit_module" doesn't exist in auditd running config</l>
                     </out>
                     <err>
                        <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                        <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                        <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                        <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                        <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                        <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                        <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                        <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                        <l>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</l>
                        <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</l>
                     </err>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>102</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul class="unstyled">
                                    <li>FAILED</li>
                                    <li/>
                                    <li>audit rule for syscall: "create_module" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                    <li>audit rule for syscall: "init_module" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                    <li>audit rule for syscall: "delete_module" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                    <li>audit rule for syscall: "query_module" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                    <li>audit rule for syscall: "finit_module" doesn't exist in a rules file in "/etc/audit/rules.d"</li>
                                    <li/>
                                    <li>audit rule for syscall: "create_module" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                                    <li>audit rule for syscall: "init_module" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                                    <li>audit rule for syscall: "delete_module" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                                    <li>audit rule for syscall: "query_module" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                                    <li>audit rule for syscall: "finit_module" doesn't exist in auditd running config</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                              <td>
                                 <ul>
                                    <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                    <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                    <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                    <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                    <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                    <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                    <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                    <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                    <li>grep: /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules: No such file or directory</li>
                                    <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_syscall_rule_chk.sh: line 43: auditctl: command not found</li>
                                 </ul>
                              </td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/arch64_chk.sh"/>
               <xccdf:check-content>
                  <command_result href="sce/arch64_chk.sh"
                                  xccdf="pass"
                                  script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/arch64_chk.sh"
                                  exit-value="101">
                     <out/>
                     <err/>
                     <env/>
                  </command_result>
               </xccdf:check-content>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="sce">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                              <td>sce/arch64_chk.sh</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                              <td>101</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No output lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995245_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>FAILED</l>
                  <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                  <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+(-S\h+all\h+)?-F\h+path=\/usr\/bin\/kmod\/?\h+-F\h+(perm=x|x=perm)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</l>
                  <l>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+(-S\h+all\h+)?-F\h+path=\/usr\/bin\/kmod\/?\h+-F\h+(perm=x|x=perm)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err>
                  <l>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</l>
               </err>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>FAILED</li>
                              <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                              <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+(-S\h+all\h+)?-F\h+path=\/usr\/bin\/kmod\/?\h+-F\h+(perm=x|x=perm)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>No auditd rules were found in the running config matching the regular expression:</li>
                              <li>"^\h*-a\h+(always,exit|exit,always)\h+(-S\h+all\h+)?-F\h+path=\/usr\/bin\/kmod\/?\h+-F\h+(perm=x|x=perm)\h+-F\h+auid&gt;=1000\h+-F\h+(auid!=(unset|-1|4294967295)|(unset|-1|4294967295)!=auid)\h+(-k\h+\H+|-F\h*key=\H+)\h*(#.*)?$"</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul>
                              <li>/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_rule_chk.sh: line 27: auditctl: command not found</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3, CM-6

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Subcontrol: 6.2
                          Label: Activate audit logging
                          Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Safeguard: 8.5
                          Label: Collect Detailed Audit Logs
                          Description: Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data. Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.
                          Implementation Group: IG-2
                          Security Function: Detect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Fail

                        5.2.3.20 Ensure the audit configuration is immutable

                        Description:

                        Set system audit so that audit rules cannot be modified with auditctl . Setting the flag "-e 2" forces audit to be put in immutable mode. Audit changes can only be made on system reboot.

                        Note: This setting will require the system to be rebooted to update the active auditd configuration settings.

                        In immutable mode, unauthorized users cannot execute changes to the audit system to potentially hide malicious activity and then put the audit rules back. Users would most likely notice a system reboot and that could alert administrators of an attempt to make unauthorized audit changes.

                        Edit or create the file /etc/audit/rules.d/99-finalize.rules and add the line -e 2 at the end of the file:

                        Example:

                        # printf -- "-e 2

                        " >> /etc/audit/rules.d/99-finalize.rules

                        Load audit rules

                        Merge and load the rules into active configuration:

                        # augenrules --load

                        Check if reboot is required.

                        # if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then printf "Reboot required to load rules\n"; fi

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Script: sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • FAILED
                        • No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:
                        • ^\s*-e\s+2\b
                        No error lines were collected.


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.20_Ensure_the_audit_configuration_is_immutable"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.959Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, AU-3, AU-12, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995258_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>FAILED</l>
                  <l>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</l>
                  <l>^\s*-e\s+2\b </l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_auditd_file_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>FAILED</li>
                              <li>No auditd rules were found in any /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file matching the regular expression:</li>
                              <li>^\s*-e\s+2\b </li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, AU-3, AU-12, MP-2

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Subcontrol: 6.2
                          Label: Activate audit logging
                          Description: Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking devices.
                        • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Subcontrol: 6.3
                          Label: Enable Detailed Logging
                          Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                          Safeguard: 3.3
                          Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                          Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                          Implementation Group: IG-1
                          Security Function: Protect
                        • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Safeguard: 8.5
                          Label: Collect Detailed Audit Logs
                          Description: Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data. Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.
                          Implementation Group: IG-2
                          Security Function: Detect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Manual

                        5.2.3.21 Ensure the running and on disk configuration is the same

                        Description:

                        The Audit system have both on disk and running configuration. It is possible for these configuration settings to differ.

                        Note: Due to the limitations of augenrules and auditctl , it is not absolutely guaranteed that loading the rule sets via augenrules --load will result in all rules being loaded or even that the user will be informed if there was a problem loading the rules.

                        Configuration differences between what is currently running and what is on disk could cause unexpected problems or may give a false impression of compliance requirements.

                        If the rules are not aligned across all three () areas, run the following command to merge and load all rules:

                        # augenrules --load

                        Check if reboot is required.

                        if [[ $(auditctl -s | grep "enabled") =~ "2" ]]; then echo "Reboot required to load rules"; fi



                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.3.21_Ensure_the_running_and_on_disk_configuration_is_the_same"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.959Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/8/subcontrol/5"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/6/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3</xccdf:ident>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 6: Maintenance, Monitoring and Analysis of Audit Logs: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, manage and analyze audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Subcontrol: 6.3
                          Label: Enable Detailed Logging
                          Description: Enable system logging to include detailed information such as a event source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 8: Audit Log Management: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Collect, alert, review, and retain audit logs of events that could help detect, understand, or recover from an attack.
                          Safeguard: 8.5
                          Label: Collect Detailed Audit Logs
                          Description: Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data. Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.
                          Implementation Group: IG-2
                          Security Function: Detect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary

                        5.2.4 Configure auditd file access

                        Without the capability to restrict which roles and individuals can select which events are audited, unauthorized personnel may be able to prevent the auditing of critical events.

                        Pass

                        5.2.4.1 Ensure audit log files are mode 0640 or less permissive

                        Description:

                        Audit log files contain information about the system and system activity.

                        Access to audit records can reveal system and configuration data to attackers, potentially compromising its confidentiality.

                        Run the following command to remove more permissive mode than 0640 from audit log files:

                        # [ -f /etc/audit/auditd.conf ] && find "$(dirname $(awk -F "=" '/^\s*log_file/ {print $2}' /etc/audit/auditd.conf | xargs))" -type f -perm /0137 -exec chmod u-x,g-wx,o-rwx {} +

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Script: sce/nix_audit_log_files_mode640_chk.sh
                        Result: Pass
                        Exit Value: 101
                        Output:
                        • - Audit Result:
                        • ** PASS **
                        • - * Correctly configured * :
                        • - All audit log files are mode or less permissive
                        No error lines were collected.


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.4.1_Ensure_audit_log_files_are_mode_0640_or_less_permissive"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.959Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_audit_log_files_mode640_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_audit_log_files_mode640_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_audit_log_files_mode640_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** PASS **</l>
                  <l> - * Correctly configured * :</l>
                  <l>- All audit log files are mode  or less permissive</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_audit_log_files_mode640_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** PASS **</li>
                              <li> - * Correctly configured * :</li>
                              <li>- All audit log files are mode  or less permissive</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                          Subcontrol: 14.6
                          Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                          Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                          Safeguard: 3.3
                          Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                          Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                          Implementation Group: IG-1
                          Security Function: Protect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Pass

                        5.2.4.2 Ensure only authorized users own audit log files

                        Description:

                        Audit log files contain information about the system and system activity.

                        Access to audit records can reveal system and configuration data to attackers, potentially compromising its confidentiality.

                        Run the following command to configure the audit log files to be owned by the root user:

                        # [ -f /etc/audit/auditd.conf ] && find "$(dirname $(awk -F "=" '/^\s*log_file/ {print $2}' /etc/audit/auditd.conf | xargs))" -type f ! -user root -exec chown root {} +

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Script: sce/nix_only_authorized_users_own_audit_log_files_chk.sh
                        Result: Pass
                        Exit Value: 101
                        Output:
                        • - Audit Result:
                        • ** PASS **
                        • - * Correctly configured * :
                        • - All audit log files are owned by "root"
                        No error lines were collected.


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.4.2_Ensure_only_authorized_users_own_audit_log_files"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.959Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_only_authorized_users_own_audit_log_files_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_only_authorized_users_own_audit_log_files_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_only_authorized_users_own_audit_log_files_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** PASS **</l>
                  <l> - * Correctly configured * :</l>
                  <l>- All audit log files are owned by "root"</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_only_authorized_users_own_audit_log_files_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** PASS **</li>
                              <li> - * Correctly configured * :</li>
                              <li>- All audit log files are owned by "root"</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                          Subcontrol: 14.6
                          Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                          Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                          Safeguard: 3.3
                          Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                          Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                          Implementation Group: IG-1
                          Security Function: Protect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Pass

                        5.2.4.3 Ensure only authorized groups are assigned ownership of audit log files

                        Description:

                        Audit log files contain information about the system and system activity.

                        Access to audit records can reveal system and configuration data to attackers, potentially compromising its confidentiality.

                        Run the following command to configure the audit log files to be group owned by adm :

                        # find $(dirname $(awk -F"=" '/^\s*log_file/ {print $2}' /etc/audit/auditd.conf | xargs)) -type f \( ! -group adm -a ! -group root \) -exec chgrp adm {} +

                        Run the following command to set the log_group parameter in the audit configuration file to log_group = adm :

                        # sed -ri 's/^\s*#?\s*log_group\s*=\s*\S+(\s*#.*)?.*$/log_group = adm\1/' /etc/audit/auditd.conf

                        Run the following command to restart the audit daemon to reload the configuration file:

                        # systemctl restart auditd

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Script: sce/nix_authorized_groups_assigned_ownership_audit_log_files_chk.sh
                        Result: Pass
                        Exit Value: 101
                        Output:
                        • - Audit Result:
                        • ** PASS **
                        No error lines were collected.


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.4.3_Ensure_only_authorized_groups_are_assigned_ownership_of_audit_log_files"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.959Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_authorized_groups_assigned_ownership_audit_log_files_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_authorized_groups_assigned_ownership_audit_log_files_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_authorized_groups_assigned_ownership_audit_log_files_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** PASS **</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_authorized_groups_assigned_ownership_audit_log_files_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** PASS **</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                          Subcontrol: 14.6
                          Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                          Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                          Safeguard: 3.3
                          Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                          Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                          Implementation Group: IG-1
                          Security Function: Protect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Fail

                        5.2.4.4 Ensure the audit log directory is 0750 or more restrictive

                        Description:

                        The audit log directory contains audit log files.

                        Audit information includes all information including: audit records, audit settings and audit reports. This information is needed to successfully audit system activity. This information must be protected from unauthorized modification or deletion. If this information were to be compromised, forensic analysis and discovery of the true source of potentially malicious system activity is impossible to achieve.

                        Run the following command to configure the audit log directory to have a mode of "0750" or less permissive:

                        # chmod g-w,o-rwx "$(dirname $(awk -F"=" '/^\s*log_file/ {print $2}' /etc/audit/auditd.conf))"

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Script: sce/nix_stig_auditd_logfile_dir_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • Failed! Directory: "." has mode "755"
                        Errors:
                        • awk: fatal: cannot open file `/etc/audit/auditd.conf' for reading (No such file or directory)


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.4.4_Ensure_the_audit_log_directory_is_0750_or_more_restrictive"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.959Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_stig_auditd_logfile_dir_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_stig_auditd_logfile_dir_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_stig_auditd_logfile_dir_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>Failed! Directory: "." has mode "755"</l>
               </out>
               <err>
                  <l>awk: fatal: cannot open file `/etc/audit/auditd.conf' for reading (No such file or directory)</l>
               </err>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_stig_auditd_logfile_dir_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Failed! Directory: "." has mode "755"</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Errors:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul>
                              <li>awk: fatal: cannot open file `/etc/audit/auditd.conf' for reading (No such file or directory)</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                          Subcontrol: 14.6
                          Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                          Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                          Safeguard: 3.3
                          Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                          Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                          Implementation Group: IG-1
                          Security Function: Protect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Pass

                        5.2.4.5 Ensure audit configuration files are 640 or more restrictive

                        Description:

                        Audit configuration files control auditd and what events are audited.

                        Access to the audit configuration files could allow unauthorized personnel to prevent the auditing of critical events.

                        Misconfigured audit configuration files may prevent the auditing of critical events or impact the system's performance by overwhelming the audit log. Misconfiguration of the audit configuration files may also make it more difficult to establish and investigate events relating to an incident.

                        Run the following command to remove more permissive mode than 0640 from the audit configuration files:

                        # find /etc/audit/ -type f \( -name '*.conf' -o -name '*.rules' \) -exec chmod u-x,g-wx,o-rwx {} +

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Criterion: Ensure any file(s) named ^.*\.(conf|rules) in /etc/audit/ exists and does not have permissions --x-wxrwx
                        Existence Check: Any Exist
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Pass
                        File Item
                        Name Type Status Value
                        Path String Exists /etc/audit/
                        Filename String Exists ^.*\.(conf|rules)
                        Type String Not collected No Value
                        Group Id Int Does not exist No Value
                        User Id Int Does not exist No Value
                        A Time Int Exists null
                        C Time Int Exists null
                        M Time Int Exists null
                        Size Int Does not exist No Value
                        Suid Int Exists false
                        Sgid Boolean Exists false
                        Sticky Boolean Exists false
                        Uread Boolean Exists false
                        Uwrite Boolean Exists false
                        Uexec Boolean Exists false
                        Gread Boolean Exists false
                        Gwrite Boolean Exists false
                        Gexec Boolean Exists false
                        Oread Boolean Exists false
                        Owrite Boolean Exists false
                        Oexec Boolean Exists false
                        Has Extended Acl Boolean Not collected No Value


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.4.5_Ensure_audit_configuration_files_are_640_or_more_restrictive"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.959Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995276"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995276">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995276"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="any_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure any file(s) named ^.*\.(conf|rules) in /etc/audit/ exists and does not have permissions --x-wxrwx</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>Any Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>File Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/audit/</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>^.*\.(conf|rules)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Type</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Group Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Does not exist</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>User Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Does not exist</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>A Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>null</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>C Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>null</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>M Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>null</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Size</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Does not exist</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Suid</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Sgid</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Sticky</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uwrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Uexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Gread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gwrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Oread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Owrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Oexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Has Extended Acl</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                          Subcontrol: 14.6
                          Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                          Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                          Safeguard: 3.3
                          Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                          Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                          Implementation Group: IG-1
                          Security Function: Protect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Pass

                        5.2.4.6 Ensure audit configuration files are owned by root

                        Description:

                        Audit configuration files control auditd and what events are audited.

                        Access to the audit configuration files could allow unauthorized personnel to prevent the auditing of critical events.

                        Misconfigured audit configuration files may prevent the auditing of critical events or impact the system's performance by overwhelming the audit log. Misconfiguration of the audit configuration files may also make it more difficult to establish and investigate events relating to an incident.

                        Run the following command to change ownership to root user:

                        # find /etc/audit/ -type f \( -name '*.conf' -o -name '*.rules' \) ! -user root -exec chown root {} +

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Criterion: Ensure any file(s) named ^.*\.(conf|rules) in /etc/audit/ exists and is owned by user 0
                        Existence Check: Any Exist
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Pass
                        File Item
                        Name Type Status Value
                        Path String Exists /etc/audit/
                        Filename String Exists ^.*\.(conf|rules)
                        Type String Not collected No Value
                        Group Id Int Does not exist No Value
                        User Id Int Does not exist No Value
                        A Time Int Exists null
                        C Time Int Exists null
                        M Time Int Exists null
                        Size Int Does not exist No Value
                        Suid Int Exists false
                        Sgid Boolean Exists false
                        Sticky Boolean Exists false
                        Uread Boolean Exists false
                        Uwrite Boolean Exists false
                        Uexec Boolean Exists false
                        Gread Boolean Exists false
                        Gwrite Boolean Exists false
                        Gexec Boolean Exists false
                        Oread Boolean Exists false
                        Owrite Boolean Exists false
                        Oexec Boolean Exists false
                        Has Extended Acl Boolean Not collected No Value


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.4.6_Ensure_audit_configuration_files_are_owned_by_root"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.959Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995283"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995283">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995283"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="any_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure any file(s) named ^.*\.(conf|rules) in /etc/audit/ exists and is owned by user 0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>Any Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>File Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/audit/</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>^.*\.(conf|rules)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Type</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Group Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Does not exist</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>User Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Does not exist</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>A Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>null</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>C Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>null</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>M Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>null</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Size</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Does not exist</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Suid</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Sgid</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Sticky</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uwrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Gread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Gwrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Gexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Oread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Owrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Oexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Has Extended Acl</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                          Subcontrol: 14.6
                          Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                          Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                          Safeguard: 3.3
                          Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                          Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                          Implementation Group: IG-1
                          Security Function: Protect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Pass

                        5.2.4.7 Ensure audit configuration files belong to group root

                        Description:

                        Audit configuration files control auditd and what events are audited.

                        Access to the audit configuration files could allow unauthorized personnel to prevent the auditing of critical events.

                        Misconfigured audit configuration files may prevent the auditing of critical events or impact the system's performance by overwhelming the audit log. Misconfiguration of the audit configuration files may also make it more difficult to establish and investigate events relating to an incident.

                        Run the following command to change group to root :

                        # find /etc/audit/ -type f \( -name '*.conf' -o -name '*.rules' \) ! -group root -exec chgrp root {} +

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Criterion: Ensure any file(s) named ^.*\.(conf|rules) in /etc/audit/ exists and is owned by group 0
                        Existence Check: Any Exist
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Pass
                        File Item
                        Name Type Status Value
                        Path String Exists /etc/audit/
                        Filename String Exists ^.*\.(conf|rules)
                        Type String Not collected No Value
                        Group Id Int Does not exist No Value
                        User Id Int Does not exist No Value
                        A Time Int Exists null
                        C Time Int Exists null
                        M Time Int Exists null
                        Size Int Does not exist No Value
                        Suid Int Exists false
                        Sgid Boolean Exists false
                        Sticky Boolean Exists false
                        Uread Boolean Exists false
                        Uwrite Boolean Exists false
                        Uexec Boolean Exists false
                        Gread Boolean Exists false
                        Gwrite Boolean Exists false
                        Gexec Boolean Exists false
                        Oread Boolean Exists false
                        Owrite Boolean Exists false
                        Oexec Boolean Exists false
                        Has Extended Acl Boolean Not collected No Value


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.4.7_Ensure_audit_configuration_files_belong_to_group_root"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.961Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995288"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995288">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995288"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="any_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure any file(s) named ^.*\.(conf|rules) in /etc/audit/ exists and is owned by group 0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>Any Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>File Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/audit/</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>^.*\.(conf|rules)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Type</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Group Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Does not exist</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>User Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Does not exist</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>A Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>null</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>C Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>null</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>M Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>null</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Size</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Does not exist</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Suid</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Sgid</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Sticky</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uwrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Gread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Gwrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Gexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Oread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Owrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Oexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Has Extended Acl</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                          Subcontrol: 14.6
                          Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                          Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                          Safeguard: 3.3
                          Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                          Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                          Implementation Group: IG-1
                          Security Function: Protect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Fail

                        5.2.4.8 Ensure audit tools are 755 or more restrictive

                        Description:

                        Audit tools include, but are not limited to, vendor-provided and open source audit tools needed to successfully view and manipulate audit information system activity and records. Audit tools include custom queries and report generators.

                        Protecting audit information includes identifying and protecting the tools used to view and manipulate log data. Protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized operation on audit information.

                        Run the following command to remove more permissive mode from the audit tools:

                        # chmod go-w /sbin/auditctl /sbin/aureport /sbin/ausearch /sbin/autrace /sbin/auditd /sbin/augenrules

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /sbin/auditctl exists and does not have permissions ----w--w-
                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Fail
                        No matching system items were found.
                        Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /sbin/aureport exists and does not have permissions ----w--w-
                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Fail
                        No matching system items were found.
                        Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /sbin/ausearch exists and does not have permissions ----w--w-
                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                        Item Check: Only one
                        Result: Fail
                        No matching system items were found.
                        Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /sbin/autrace exists and does not have permissions ----w--w-
                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Fail
                        No matching system items were found.
                        Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /sbin/auditd exists and does not have permissions ----w--w-
                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Fail
                        No matching system items were found.
                        Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /sbin/augenrules exists and does not have permissions ----w--w-
                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Fail
                        No matching system items were found.


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.4.8_Ensure_audit_tools_are_755_or_more_restrictive"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.961Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
               <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
                  <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                               negate="false"
                               multi-check="false">
                     <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                              name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995296"/>
                     <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                        <div class="definition"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995296">
                           <div class="criteria">
                              <div class="criterion"
                                   id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995296"
                                   check="all"
                                   check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                                 <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                    <tbody class="tbe">
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                          <td>Ensure at least one file named /sbin/auditctl exists and does not have permissions ----w--w-</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                          <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                          <td>All</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                          <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                       </tr>
                                    </tbody>
                                 </table>
                                 <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </table>
                              </div>
                           </div>
                        </div>
                     </evidence>
                  </xccdf:check>
                  <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                               negate="false"
                               multi-check="false">
                     <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                              name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995302"/>
                     <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                        <div class="definition"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995302">
                           <div class="criteria">
                              <div class="criterion"
                                   id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995302"
                                   check="all"
                                   check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                                 <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                    <tbody class="tbe">
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                          <td>Ensure at least one file named /sbin/aureport exists and does not have permissions ----w--w-</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                          <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                          <td>All</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                          <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                       </tr>
                                    </tbody>
                                 </table>
                                 <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </table>
                              </div>
                           </div>
                        </div>
                     </evidence>
                  </xccdf:check>
               </xccdf:complex-check>
               <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                            negate="false"
                            multi-check="false">
                  <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                           name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995306"/>
                  <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                     <div class="definition"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995306">
                        <div class="criteria">
                           <div class="criterion"
                                id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995306"
                                check="only one"
                                check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                              <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                       <td>Ensure at least one file named /sbin/ausearch exists and does not have permissions ----w--w-</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                       <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                       <td>Only one</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                       <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                              <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </table>
                           </div>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </evidence>
               </xccdf:check>
            </xccdf:complex-check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995312"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995312">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995312"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure at least one file named /sbin/autrace exists and does not have permissions ----w--w-</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995318"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995318">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995318"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure at least one file named /sbin/auditd exists and does not have permissions ----w--w-</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995323"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995323">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995323"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /sbin/augenrules exists and does not have permissions ----w--w-</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                          Subcontrol: 14.6
                          Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                          Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                          Safeguard: 3.3
                          Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                          Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                          Implementation Group: IG-1
                          Security Function: Protect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Fail

                        5.2.4.9 Ensure audit tools are owned by root

                        Description:

                        Audit tools include, but are not limited to, vendor-provided and open source audit tools needed to successfully view and manipulate audit information system activity and records. Audit tools include custom queries and report generators.

                        Protecting audit information includes identifying and protecting the tools used to view and manipulate log data. Protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized operation on audit information.

                        Run the following command to change the owner of the audit tools to the root user:

                        # chown root /sbin/auditctl /sbin/aureport /sbin/ausearch /sbin/autrace /sbin/auditd /sbin/augenrules

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /sbin/auditctl exists and is owned by user 0
                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Fail
                        No matching system items were found.
                        Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /sbin/aureport exists and is owned by user 0
                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Fail
                        No matching system items were found.
                        Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /sbin/ausearch exists and is owned by user 0
                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                        Item Check: Only one
                        Result: Fail
                        No matching system items were found.
                        Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /sbin/autrace exists and is owned by user 0
                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Fail
                        No matching system items were found.
                        Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /sbin/auditd exists and is owned by user 0
                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Fail
                        No matching system items were found.
                        Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /sbin/augenrules exists and is owned by user 0
                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Fail
                        No matching system items were found.


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.4.9_Ensure_audit_tools_are_owned_by_root"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.962Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
               <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
                  <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                               negate="false"
                               multi-check="false">
                     <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                              name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995328"/>
                     <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                        <div class="definition"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995328">
                           <div class="criteria">
                              <div class="criterion"
                                   id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995328"
                                   check="all"
                                   check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                                 <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                    <tbody class="tbe">
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                          <td>Ensure at least one file named /sbin/auditctl exists and is owned by user 0</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                          <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                          <td>All</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                          <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                       </tr>
                                    </tbody>
                                 </table>
                                 <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </table>
                              </div>
                           </div>
                        </div>
                     </evidence>
                  </xccdf:check>
                  <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                               negate="false"
                               multi-check="false">
                     <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                              name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995334"/>
                     <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                        <div class="definition"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995334">
                           <div class="criteria">
                              <div class="criterion"
                                   id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995334"
                                   check="all"
                                   check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                                 <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                    <tbody class="tbe">
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                          <td>Ensure at least one file named /sbin/aureport exists and is owned by user 0</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                          <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                          <td>All</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                          <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                       </tr>
                                    </tbody>
                                 </table>
                                 <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </table>
                              </div>
                           </div>
                        </div>
                     </evidence>
                  </xccdf:check>
               </xccdf:complex-check>
               <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                            negate="false"
                            multi-check="false">
                  <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                           name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995339"/>
                  <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                     <div class="definition"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995339">
                        <div class="criteria">
                           <div class="criterion"
                                id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995339"
                                check="only one"
                                check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                              <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                       <td>Ensure at least one file named /sbin/ausearch exists and is owned by user 0</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                       <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                       <td>Only one</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                       <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                              <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </table>
                           </div>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </evidence>
               </xccdf:check>
            </xccdf:complex-check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995344"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995344">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995344"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure at least one file named /sbin/autrace exists and is owned by user 0</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995349"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995349">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995349"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure at least one file named /sbin/auditd exists and is owned by user 0</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995354"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995354">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995354"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /sbin/augenrules exists and is owned by user 0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                          Subcontrol: 14.6
                          Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                          Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                          Safeguard: 3.3
                          Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                          Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                          Implementation Group: IG-1
                          Security Function: Protect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Fail

                        5.2.4.10 Ensure audit tools belong to group root

                        Description:

                        Audit tools include, but are not limited to, vendor-provided and open source audit tools needed to successfully view and manipulate audit information system activity and records. Audit tools include custom queries and report generators.

                        Protecting audit information includes identifying and protecting the tools used to view and manipulate log data. Protecting audit tools is necessary to prevent unauthorized operation on audit information.

                        Run the following command to remove more permissive mode from the audit tools:

                        # chmod go-w /sbin/auditctl /sbin/aureport /sbin/ausearch /sbin/autrace /sbin/auditd /sbin/augenrules

                        Run the following command to change owner and group of the audit tools to root user and group:

                        # chown root:root /sbin/auditctl /sbin/aureport /sbin/ausearch /sbin/autrace /sbin/auditd /sbin/augenrules

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /sbin/auditctl exists and is owned by group 0
                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Fail
                        No matching system items were found.
                        Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /sbin/aureport exists and is owned by group 0
                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Fail
                        No matching system items were found.
                        Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /sbin/ausearch exists and is owned by group 0
                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                        Item Check: Only one
                        Result: Fail
                        No matching system items were found.
                        Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /sbin/autrace exists and is owned by group 0
                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Fail
                        No matching system items were found.
                        Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /sbin/auditd exists and is owned by group 0
                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Fail
                        No matching system items were found.
                        Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /sbin/augenrules exists and is owned by group 0
                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Fail
                        No matching system items were found.


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.4.10_Ensure_audit_tools_belong_to_group_root"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.963Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
            <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
               <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
                  <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                               negate="false"
                               multi-check="false">
                     <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                              name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995360"/>
                     <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                        <div class="definition"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995360">
                           <div class="criteria">
                              <div class="criterion"
                                   id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995360"
                                   check="all"
                                   check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                                 <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                    <tbody class="tbe">
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                          <td>Ensure at least one file named /sbin/auditctl exists and is owned by group 0</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                          <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                          <td>All</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                          <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                       </tr>
                                    </tbody>
                                 </table>
                                 <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </table>
                              </div>
                           </div>
                        </div>
                     </evidence>
                  </xccdf:check>
                  <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                               negate="false"
                               multi-check="false">
                     <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                              name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995365"/>
                     <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                        <div class="definition"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995365">
                           <div class="criteria">
                              <div class="criterion"
                                   id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995365"
                                   check="all"
                                   check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                                 <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                    <tbody class="tbe">
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                          <td>Ensure at least one file named /sbin/aureport exists and is owned by group 0</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                          <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                          <td>All</td>
                                       </tr>
                                       <tr>
                                          <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                          <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                       </tr>
                                    </tbody>
                                 </table>
                                 <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </table>
                              </div>
                           </div>
                        </div>
                     </evidence>
                  </xccdf:check>
               </xccdf:complex-check>
               <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                            negate="false"
                            multi-check="false">
                  <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                           name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995370"/>
                  <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                     <div class="definition"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995370">
                        <div class="criteria">
                           <div class="criterion"
                                id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995370"
                                check="only one"
                                check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                              <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                                 <tbody class="tbe">
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                       <td>Ensure at least one file named /sbin/ausearch exists and is owned by group 0</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                       <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                       <td>Only one</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                       <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                       <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                    </tr>
                                 </tbody>
                              </table>
                              <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </table>
                           </div>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </evidence>
               </xccdf:check>
            </xccdf:complex-check>
            <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                         negate="false"
                         multi-check="false">
               <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                        name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995375"/>
               <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
                  <div class="definition"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995375">
                     <div class="criteria">
                        <div class="criterion"
                             id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995375"
                             check="all"
                             check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                           <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                              <tbody class="tbe">
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                    <td>Ensure at least one file named /sbin/autrace exists and is owned by group 0</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                    <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                    <td>All</td>
                                 </tr>
                                 <tr>
                                    <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                    <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                                 </tr>
                              </tbody>
                           </table>
                           <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                              <tr>
                                 <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                              </tr>
                           </table>
                        </div>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </evidence>
            </xccdf:check>
         </xccdf:complex-check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                     name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995381"/>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="definition"
                    id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995381">
                  <div class="criteria">
                     <div class="criterion"
                          id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995381"
                          check="all"
                          check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                        <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                           <tbody class="tbe">
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                                 <td>Ensure at least one file named /sbin/auditd exists and is owned by group 0</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                                 <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                                 <td>All</td>
                              </tr>
                              <tr>
                                 <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                                 <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                              </tr>
                           </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                           <tr>
                              <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                           </tr>
                        </table>
                     </div>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995385"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995385">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995385"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /sbin/augenrules exists and is owned by group 0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                          Subcontrol: 14.6
                          Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                          Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                          Safeguard: 3.3
                          Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                          Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                          Implementation Group: IG-1
                          Security Function: Protect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Fail

                        5.2.4.11 Ensure cryptographic mechanisms are used to protect the integrity of audit tools

                        Description:

                        Audit tools include, but are not limited to, vendor-provided and open source audit tools needed to successfully view and manipulate audit information system activity and records. Audit tools include custom queries and report generators.

                        Protecting the integrity of the tools used for auditing purposes is a critical step toward ensuring the integrity of audit information. Audit information includes all information (e.g., audit records, audit settings, and audit reports) needed to successfully audit information system activity.

                        Attackers may replace the audit tools or inject code into the existing tools with the purpose of providing the capability to hide or erase system activity from the audit logs.

                        Audit tools should be cryptographically signed in order to provide the capability to identify when the audit tools have been modified, manipulated, or replaced. An example is a checksum hash of the file or files.

                        Add or update the following selection lines for to a file ending in .conf in the /etc/aide/aide.conf.d/ or to /etc/aide/aide.conf to protect the integrity of the audit tools:

                        # Audit Tools

                        /sbin/auditctl p+i+n+u+g+s+b+acl+xattrs+sha512

                        /sbin/auditd p+i+n+u+g+s+b+acl+xattrs+sha512

                        /sbin/ausearch p+i+n+u+g+s+b+acl+xattrs+sha512

                        /sbin/aureport p+i+n+u+g+s+b+acl+xattrs+sha512

                        /sbin/autrace p+i+n+u+g+s+b+acl+xattrs+sha512

                        /sbin/augenrules p+i+n+u+g+s+b+acl+xattrs+sha512

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Script: sce/nix_audit_tools_cryptographic_mechanisms_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • - Start - Determine system's package manager
                        • - system is apt based
                        • - system uses apt package manager
                        • - End - Determine system's package manager
                        • - Audit Result:
                        • ** FAIL **
                        • - * Reasons for audit failure * :
                        • - AIDE is not installed on the system.
                        No error lines were collected.


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_5.2.4.11_Ensure_cryptographic_mechanisms_are_used_to_protect_the_integrity_of_audit_tools"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.964Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_audit_tools_cryptographic_mechanisms_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_audit_tools_cryptographic_mechanisms_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_audit_tools_cryptographic_mechanisms_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>- Start - Determine system's package manager</l>
                  <l>- system is apt based</l>
                  <l>- system uses apt package manager</l>
                  <l>- End - Determine system's package manager</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - AIDE is not installed on the system.</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_audit_tools_cryptographic_mechanisms_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>- Start - Determine system's package manager</li>
                              <li>- system is apt based</li>
                              <li>- system uses apt package manager</li>
                              <li>- End - Determine system's package manager</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - AIDE is not installed on the system.</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AU-3

                        Back to Summary

                        6 System Maintenance

                        Recommendations in this section are intended as maintenance and are intended to be checked on a frequent basis to ensure system stability. Many recommendations do not have quick remediations and require investigation into the cause and best fix available and may indicate an attempted breach of system security.

                        6.1 System File Permissions

                        This section provides guidance on securing aspects of system files and directories.

                        Pass

                        6.1.1 Ensure permissions on /etc/passwd are configured

                        Description:

                        The /etc/passwd file contains user account information that is used by many system utilities and therefore must be readable for these utilities to operate.

                        It is critical to ensure that the /etc/passwd file is protected from unauthorized write access. Although it is protected by default, the file permissions could be changed either inadvertently or through malicious actions.

                        Run the following commands to remove excess permissions, set owner, and set group on /etc/passwd :

                        # chmod u-x,go-wx /etc/passwd

                        # chown root:root /etc/passwd

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/passwd exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions --x-wx-wx
                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Pass
                        File Item
                        Name Type Status Value
                        Filepath String Exists /etc/passwd
                        Path String Exists /etc
                        Filename String Exists passwd
                        Type String Exists regular
                        Group Id Int Exists 0
                        User Id Int Exists 0
                        A Time Int Exists 1702880875
                        C Time Int Exists 1702192418
                        M Time Int Exists 1702192418
                        Size Int Exists 1935
                        Suid Int Exists false
                        Sgid Boolean Exists false
                        Sticky Boolean Exists false
                        Uread Boolean Exists true
                        Uwrite Boolean Exists true
                        Uexec Boolean Exists false
                        Gread Boolean Exists true
                        Gwrite Boolean Exists false
                        Gexec Boolean Exists false
                        Oread Boolean Exists true
                        Owrite Boolean Exists false
                        Oexec Boolean Exists false
                        Has Extended Acl Boolean Not collected No Value


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.1_Ensure_permissions_on_etcpasswd_are_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.965Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995000"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995000">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995000"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/passwd exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions --x-wx-wx</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>File Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filepath</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/passwd</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>passwd</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Type</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>regular</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Group Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>User Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>A Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1702880875</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>C Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1702192418</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>M Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1702192418</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Size</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1935</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Suid</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Sgid</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Sticky</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uwrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Uexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Gread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gwrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Oread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Owrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Oexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Has Extended Acl</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                          Subcontrol: 14.6
                          Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                          Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                          Safeguard: 3.3
                          Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                          Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                          Implementation Group: IG-1
                          Security Function: Protect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Pass

                        6.1.2 Ensure permissions on /etc/passwd- are configured

                        Description:

                        The /etc/passwd- file contains backup user account information.

                        It is critical to ensure that the /etc/passwd- file is protected from unauthorized access. Although it is protected by default, the file permissions could be changed either inadvertently or through malicious actions.

                        Run the following commands to remove excess permissions, set owner, and set group on /etc/passwd- :

                        # chmod u-x,go-wx /etc/passwd-

                        # chown root:root /etc/passwd-

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/passwd- exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions --x-wx-wx
                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Pass
                        File Item
                        Name Type Status Value
                        Filepath String Exists /etc/passwd-
                        Path String Exists /etc
                        Filename String Exists passwd-
                        Type String Exists regular
                        Group Id Int Exists 0
                        User Id Int Exists 0
                        A Time Int Exists 1702192418
                        C Time Int Exists 1702192418
                        M Time Int Exists 1702192418
                        Size Int Exists 1925
                        Suid Int Exists false
                        Sgid Boolean Exists false
                        Sticky Boolean Exists false
                        Uread Boolean Exists true
                        Uwrite Boolean Exists true
                        Uexec Boolean Exists false
                        Gread Boolean Exists true
                        Gwrite Boolean Exists false
                        Gexec Boolean Exists false
                        Oread Boolean Exists true
                        Owrite Boolean Exists false
                        Oexec Boolean Exists false
                        Has Extended Acl Boolean Not collected No Value


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.2_Ensure_permissions_on_etcpasswd-_are_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.965Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995005"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995005">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995005"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/passwd- exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions --x-wx-wx</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>File Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filepath</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/passwd-</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>passwd-</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Type</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>regular</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Group Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>User Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>A Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1702192418</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>C Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1702192418</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>M Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1702192418</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Size</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1925</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Suid</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Sgid</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Sticky</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uwrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Uexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Gread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gwrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Oread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Owrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Oexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Has Extended Acl</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                          Subcontrol: 14.6
                          Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                          Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                          Safeguard: 3.3
                          Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                          Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                          Implementation Group: IG-1
                          Security Function: Protect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Pass

                        6.1.3 Ensure permissions on /etc/group are configured

                        Description:

                        The /etc/group file contains a list of all the valid groups defined in the system. The command below allows read/write access for root and read access for everyone else.

                        The /etc/group file needs to be protected from unauthorized changes by non-privileged users, but needs to be readable as this information is used with many non-privileged programs.

                        Run the following commands to remove excess permissions, set owner, and set group on /etc/group :

                        # chmod u-x,go-wx /etc/group

                        # chown root:root /etc/group

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/group exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions --x-wx-wx
                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Pass
                        File Item
                        Name Type Status Value
                        Filepath String Exists /etc/group
                        Path String Exists /etc
                        Filename String Exists group
                        Type String Exists regular
                        Group Id Int Exists 0
                        User Id Int Exists 0
                        A Time Int Exists 1702880875
                        C Time Int Exists 1702192414
                        M Time Int Exists 1702192414
                        Size Int Exists 882
                        Suid Int Exists false
                        Sgid Boolean Exists false
                        Sticky Boolean Exists false
                        Uread Boolean Exists true
                        Uwrite Boolean Exists true
                        Uexec Boolean Exists false
                        Gread Boolean Exists true
                        Gwrite Boolean Exists false
                        Gexec Boolean Exists false
                        Oread Boolean Exists true
                        Owrite Boolean Exists false
                        Oexec Boolean Exists false
                        Has Extended Acl Boolean Not collected No Value


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.3_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgroup_are_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.966Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995011"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995011">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995011"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/group exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions --x-wx-wx</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>File Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filepath</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/group</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>group</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Type</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>regular</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Group Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>User Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>A Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1702880875</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>C Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1702192414</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>M Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1702192414</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Size</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>882</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Suid</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Sgid</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Sticky</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uwrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Uexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Gread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gwrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Oread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Owrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Oexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Has Extended Acl</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                          Subcontrol: 14.6
                          Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                          Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                          Safeguard: 3.3
                          Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                          Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                          Implementation Group: IG-1
                          Security Function: Protect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Pass

                        6.1.4 Ensure permissions on /etc/group- are configured

                        Description:

                        The /etc/group- file contains a backup list of all the valid groups defined in the system.

                        It is critical to ensure that the /etc/group- file is protected from unauthorized access. Although it is protected by default, the file permissions could be changed either inadvertently or through malicious actions.

                        Run the following commands to remove excess permissions, set owner, and set group on /etc/group- :

                        # chmod u-x,go-wx /etc/group-

                        # chown root:root /etc/group-

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/group- exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions --x-wx-wx
                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Pass
                        File Item
                        Name Type Status Value
                        Filepath String Exists /etc/group-
                        Path String Exists /etc
                        Filename String Exists group-
                        Type String Exists regular
                        Group Id Int Exists 0
                        User Id Int Exists 0
                        A Time Int Exists 1702192327
                        C Time Int Exists 1702192414
                        M Time Int Exists 1668360370
                        Size Int Exists 868
                        Suid Int Exists false
                        Sgid Boolean Exists false
                        Sticky Boolean Exists false
                        Uread Boolean Exists true
                        Uwrite Boolean Exists true
                        Uexec Boolean Exists false
                        Gread Boolean Exists true
                        Gwrite Boolean Exists false
                        Gexec Boolean Exists false
                        Oread Boolean Exists true
                        Owrite Boolean Exists false
                        Oexec Boolean Exists false
                        Has Extended Acl Boolean Not collected No Value


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.4_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgroup-_are_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.966Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995018"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995018">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995018"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/group- exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions --x-wx-wx</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>File Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filepath</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/group-</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>group-</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Type</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>regular</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Group Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>User Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>A Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1702192327</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>C Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1702192414</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>M Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1668360370</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Size</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>868</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Suid</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Sgid</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Sticky</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uwrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Uexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Gread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gwrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Oread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Owrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Oexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Has Extended Acl</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                          Subcontrol: 14.6
                          Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                          Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                          Safeguard: 3.3
                          Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                          Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                          Implementation Group: IG-1
                          Security Function: Protect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Pass

                        6.1.5 Ensure permissions on /etc/shadow are configured

                        Description:

                        The /etc/shadow file is used to store the information about user accounts that is critical to the security of those accounts, such as the hashed password and other security information.

                        If attackers can gain read access to the /etc/shadow file, they can easily run a password cracking program against the hashed password to break it. Other security information that is stored in the /etc/shadow file (such as expiration) could also be useful to subvert the user accounts.

                        Run one of the following commands to set ownership of /etc/shadow to root and group to either root or shadow :

                        # chown root:shadow /etc/shadow

                        -OR-

                        # chown root:root /etc/shadow

                        Run the following command to remove excess permissions form /etc/shadow :

                        # chmod u-x,g-wx,o-rwx /etc/shadow

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Script: sce/nix_mode_chk.sh
                        Result: Pass
                        Exit Value: 101
                        Output:
                        • - Audit Result:
                        • ** PASS **
                        • - file: "/etc/shadow" is mode: "0640" (should be mode: "640" or more restrictive)
                        No error lines were collected.
                        Script: sce/nix_owner_chk.sh
                        Result: Pass
                        Exit Value: 101
                        Output:
                        • - Audit Result:
                        • ** PASS **
                        • - file: "/etc/shadow" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")
                        No error lines were collected.
                        Script: sce/nix_group_chk.sh
                        Result: Pass
                        Exit Value: 101
                        Output:
                        • - Audit Result:
                        • ** PASS **
                        • - file: "/etc/shadow" is group owned by: "shadow" (should be group owned by: "(root or shadow)")
                        No error lines were collected.


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.5_Ensure_permissions_on_etcshadow_are_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.966Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995026_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
                               xccdf="pass"
                               script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
                               exit-value="101">
                  <out>
                     <l/>
                     <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                     <l>  ** PASS **</l>
                     <l> - file: "/etc/shadow" is mode: "0640" (should be mode: "640" or more restrictive)</l>
                  </out>
                  <err/>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/nix_mode_chk.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>101</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li/>
                                 <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                                 <li>  ** PASS **</li>
                                 <li> - file: "/etc/shadow" is mode: "0640" (should be mode: "640" or more restrictive)</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995028_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
                               xccdf="pass"
                               script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
                               exit-value="101">
                  <out>
                     <l/>
                     <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                     <l>  ** PASS **</l>
                     <l> - file: "/etc/shadow" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</l>
                  </out>
                  <err/>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/nix_owner_chk.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>101</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li/>
                                 <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                                 <li>  ** PASS **</li>
                                 <li> - file: "/etc/shadow" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995031_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** PASS **</l>
                  <l> - file: "/etc/shadow" is group owned by: "shadow" (should be group owned by: "(root or shadow)")</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_group_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** PASS **</li>
                              <li> - file: "/etc/shadow" is group owned by: "shadow" (should be group owned by: "(root or shadow)")</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                          Subcontrol: 14.6
                          Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                          Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                          Safeguard: 3.3
                          Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                          Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                          Implementation Group: IG-1
                          Security Function: Protect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Pass

                        6.1.6 Ensure permissions on /etc/shadow- are configured

                        Description:

                        The /etc/shadow- file is used to store backup information about user accounts that is critical to the security of those accounts, such as the hashed password and other security information.

                        It is critical to ensure that the /etc/shadow- file is protected from unauthorized access. Although it is protected by default, the file permissions could be changed either inadvertently or through malicious actions.

                        Run one of the following commands to set ownership of /etc/shadow- to root and group to either root or shadow :

                        # chown root:shadow /etc/shadow-

                        -OR-

                        # chown root:root /etc/shadow-

                        Run the following command to remove excess permissions form /etc/shadow- :

                        # chmod u-x,g-wx,o-rwx /etc/shadow-

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Script: sce/nix_mode_chk.sh
                        Result: Pass
                        Exit Value: 101
                        Output:
                        • - Audit Result:
                        • ** PASS **
                        • - file: "/etc/shadow" is mode: "0640" (should be mode: "640" or more restrictive)
                        No error lines were collected.
                        Script: sce/nix_owner_chk.sh
                        Result: Pass
                        Exit Value: 101
                        Output:
                        • - Audit Result:
                        • ** PASS **
                        • - file: "/etc/shadow" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")
                        No error lines were collected.
                        Script: sce/nix_group_chk.sh
                        Result: Pass
                        Exit Value: 101
                        Output:
                        • - Audit Result:
                        • ** PASS **
                        • - file: "/etc/shadow" is group owned by: "shadow" (should be group owned by: "(root or shadow)")
                        No error lines were collected.


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.6_Ensure_permissions_on_etcshadow-_are_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.966Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995036_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
                               xccdf="pass"
                               script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_mode_chk.sh"
                               exit-value="101">
                  <out>
                     <l/>
                     <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                     <l>  ** PASS **</l>
                     <l> - file: "/etc/shadow" is mode: "0640" (should be mode: "640" or more restrictive)</l>
                  </out>
                  <err/>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/nix_mode_chk.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>101</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li/>
                                 <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                                 <li>  ** PASS **</li>
                                 <li> - file: "/etc/shadow" is mode: "0640" (should be mode: "640" or more restrictive)</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
         <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                      negate="false"
                      multi-check="false">
            <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                                value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995039_var"/>
            <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"/>
            <xccdf:check-content>
               <command_result href="sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
                               xccdf="pass"
                               script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_owner_chk.sh"
                               exit-value="101">
                  <out>
                     <l/>
                     <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                     <l>  ** PASS **</l>
                     <l> - file: "/etc/shadow" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</l>
                  </out>
                  <err/>
                  <env/>
               </command_result>
            </xccdf:check-content>
            <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
               <div class="sce">
                  <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                           <td>sce/nix_owner_chk.sh</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                           <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                        </tr>
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                           <td>101</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                           <td>
                              <ul class="unstyled">
                                 <li/>
                                 <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                                 <li>  ** PASS **</li>
                                 <li> - file: "/etc/shadow" is owned by: "root" (should be owned by: "root")</li>
                              </ul>
                           </td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                     <tbody class="tbe">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </tbody>
                  </table>
               </div>
            </evidence>
         </xccdf:check>
      </xccdf:complex-check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995041_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** PASS **</l>
                  <l> - file: "/etc/shadow" is group owned by: "shadow" (should be group owned by: "(root or shadow)")</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_group_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** PASS **</li>
                              <li> - file: "/etc/shadow" is group owned by: "shadow" (should be group owned by: "(root or shadow)")</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                          Subcontrol: 14.6
                          Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                          Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                          Safeguard: 3.3
                          Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                          Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                          Implementation Group: IG-1
                          Security Function: Protect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Pass

                        6.1.7 Ensure permissions on /etc/gshadow are configured

                        Description:

                        The /etc/gshadow file is used to store the information about groups that is critical to the security of those accounts, such as the hashed password and other security information.

                        If attackers can gain read access to the /etc/gshadow file, they can easily run a password cracking program against the hashed password to break it. Other security information that is stored in the /etc/gshadow file (such as group administrators) could also be useful to subvert the group.

                        Run one of the following commands to set ownership of /etc/gshadow to root and group to either root or shadow :

                        # chown root:shadow /etc/gshadow

                        -OR-

                        # chown root:root /etc/gshadow

                        Run the following command to remove excess permissions form /etc/gshadow :

                        # chmod u-x,g-wx,o-rwx /etc/gshadow

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/gshadow exists and is owned by user 0 and does not have permissions --x-wxrwx
                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Pass
                        File Item
                        Name Type Status Value
                        Filepath String Exists /etc/gshadow
                        Path String Exists /etc
                        Filename String Exists gshadow
                        Type String Exists regular
                        Group Id Int Exists 42
                        User Id Int Exists 0
                        A Time Int Exists 1702192418
                        C Time Int Exists 1702192414
                        M Time Int Exists 1702192414
                        Size Int Exists 744
                        Suid Int Exists false
                        Sgid Boolean Exists false
                        Sticky Boolean Exists false
                        Uread Boolean Exists true
                        Uwrite Boolean Exists true
                        Uexec Boolean Exists false
                        Gread Boolean Exists true
                        Gwrite Boolean Exists false
                        Gexec Boolean Exists false
                        Oread Boolean Exists false
                        Owrite Boolean Exists false
                        Oexec Boolean Exists false
                        Has Extended Acl Boolean Not collected No Value
                        Script: sce/nix_group_chk.sh
                        Result: Pass
                        Exit Value: 101
                        Output:
                        • - Audit Result:
                        • ** PASS **
                        • - file: "/etc/gshadow" is group owned by: "shadow" (should be group owned by: "(shadow or root)")
                        No error lines were collected.


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.7_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgshadow_are_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.966Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995044"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995044">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995044"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/gshadow exists and is owned by user 0 and does not have permissions --x-wxrwx</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>File Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filepath</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/gshadow</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>gshadow</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Type</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>regular</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Group Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>42</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>User Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>A Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1702192418</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>C Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1702192414</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>M Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1702192414</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Size</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>744</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Suid</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Sgid</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Sticky</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uwrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Uexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Gread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gwrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Oread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Owrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Oexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Has Extended Acl</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995052_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** PASS **</l>
                  <l> - file: "/etc/gshadow" is group owned by: "shadow" (should be group owned by: "(shadow or root)")</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_group_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** PASS **</li>
                              <li> - file: "/etc/gshadow" is group owned by: "shadow" (should be group owned by: "(shadow or root)")</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                          Subcontrol: 14.6
                          Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                          Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                          Safeguard: 3.3
                          Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                          Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                          Implementation Group: IG-1
                          Security Function: Protect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Pass

                        6.1.8 Ensure permissions on /etc/gshadow- are configured

                        Description:

                        The /etc/gshadow- file is used to store backup information about groups that is critical to the security of those accounts, such as the hashed password and other security information.

                        It is critical to ensure that the /etc/gshadow- file is protected from unauthorized access. Although it is protected by default, the file permissions could be changed either inadvertently or through malicious actions.

                        Run one of the following commands to set ownership of /etc/gshadow- to root and group to either root or shadow :

                        # chown root:shadow /etc/gshadow-

                        -OR-

                        # chown root:root /etc/gshadow-

                        Run the following command to remove excess permissions form /etc/gshadow- :

                        # chmod u-x,g-wx,o-rwx /etc/gshadow-

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/gshadow- exists and is owned by user 0 and does not have permissions --x-wxrwx SUID SGID sticky
                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Pass
                        File Item
                        Name Type Status Value
                        Filepath String Exists /etc/gshadow-
                        Path String Exists /etc
                        Filename String Exists gshadow-
                        Type String Exists regular
                        Group Id Int Exists 42
                        User Id Int Exists 0
                        A Time Int Exists 1702192414
                        C Time Int Exists 1702192414
                        M Time Int Exists 1668360370
                        Size Int Exists 733
                        Suid Int Exists false
                        Sgid Boolean Exists false
                        Sticky Boolean Exists false
                        Uread Boolean Exists true
                        Uwrite Boolean Exists true
                        Uexec Boolean Exists false
                        Gread Boolean Exists true
                        Gwrite Boolean Exists false
                        Gexec Boolean Exists false
                        Oread Boolean Exists false
                        Owrite Boolean Exists false
                        Oexec Boolean Exists false
                        Has Extended Acl Boolean Not collected No Value
                        Script: sce/nix_group_chk.sh
                        Result: Pass
                        Exit Value: 101
                        Output:
                        • - Audit Result:
                        • ** PASS **
                        • - file: "/etc/shadow" is group owned by: "shadow" (should be group owned by: "(shadow or root)")
                        No error lines were collected.


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.8_Ensure_permissions_on_etcgshadow-_are_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.966Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995055"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995055">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995055"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/gshadow- exists and is owned by user 0 and does not have permissions --x-wxrwx SUID SGID sticky</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>File Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filepath</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/gshadow-</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>gshadow-</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Type</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>regular</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Group Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>42</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>User Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>A Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1702192414</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>C Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1702192414</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>M Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1668360370</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Size</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>733</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Suid</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Sgid</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Sticky</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uwrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Uexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Gread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gwrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Oread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Owrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Oexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Has Extended Acl</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="XCCDF_VALUE_REGEX"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995063_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_group_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** PASS **</l>
                  <l> - file: "/etc/shadow" is group owned by: "shadow" (should be group owned by: "(shadow or root)")</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_group_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** PASS **</li>
                              <li> - file: "/etc/shadow" is group owned by: "shadow" (should be group owned by: "(shadow or root)")</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                          Subcontrol: 14.6
                          Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                          Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                          Safeguard: 3.3
                          Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                          Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                          Implementation Group: IG-1
                          Security Function: Protect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Pass

                        6.1.9 Ensure permissions on /etc/shells are configured

                        Description:

                        /etc/shells is a text file which contains the full pathnames of valid login shells. This file is consulted by chsh and available to be queried by other programs.

                        It is critical to ensure that the /etc/shells file is protected from unauthorized access. Although it is protected by default, the file permissions could be changed either inadvertently or through malicious actions.

                        Run the following commands to remove excess permissions, set owner, and set group on /etc/shells :

                        # chmod u-x,go-wx /etc/shells

                        # chown root:root /etc/shells

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/shells exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions --x-wx-wx
                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Pass
                        File Item
                        Name Type Status Value
                        Filepath String Exists /etc/shells
                        Path String Exists /etc
                        Filename String Exists shells
                        Type String Exists regular
                        Group Id Int Exists 0
                        User Id Int Exists 0
                        A Time Int Exists 1702192333
                        C Time Int Exists 1667857284
                        M Time Int Exists 1667857221
                        Size Int Exists 146
                        Suid Int Exists false
                        Sgid Boolean Exists false
                        Sticky Boolean Exists false
                        Uread Boolean Exists true
                        Uwrite Boolean Exists true
                        Uexec Boolean Exists false
                        Gread Boolean Exists true
                        Gwrite Boolean Exists false
                        Gexec Boolean Exists false
                        Oread Boolean Exists true
                        Owrite Boolean Exists false
                        Oexec Boolean Exists false
                        Has Extended Acl Boolean Not collected No Value


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.9_Ensure_permissions_on_etcshells_are_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.967Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995067"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995067">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995067"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/shells exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions --x-wx-wx</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>File Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filepath</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/shells</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>shells</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Type</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>regular</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Group Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>User Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>A Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1702192333</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>C Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1667857284</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>M Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1667857221</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Size</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>146</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Suid</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Sgid</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Sticky</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uwrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Uexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Gread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gwrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Oread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Owrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Oexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Has Extended Acl</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                          Subcontrol: 14.6
                          Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                          Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                          Safeguard: 3.3
                          Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                          Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                          Implementation Group: IG-1
                          Security Function: Protect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Fail

                        6.1.10 Ensure permissions on /etc/opasswd are configured

                        Description:

                        /etc/security/opasswd and it's backup /etc/security/opasswd.old hold user's previous passwords if pam_unix or pam_pwhistory is in use on the system

                        It is critical to ensure that /etc/security/opasswd is protected from unauthorized access. Although it is protected by default, the file permissions could be changed either inadvertently or through malicious actions.

                        Run the following commands to remove excess permissions, set owner, and set group on /etc/security/opasswd and /etc/security/opasswd.old is they exist:

                        # [ -e "/etc/security/opasswd" ] && chmod u-x,go-rwx /etc/security/opasswd

                        # [ -e "/etc/security/opasswd" ] && chown root:root /etc/security/opasswd

                        # [ -e "/etc/security/opasswd.old" ] && chmod u-x,go-rwx /etc/security/opasswd.old

                        # [ -e "/etc/security/opasswd.old" ] && chown root:root /etc/security/opasswd.old

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/security/opasswd exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions --xrwxrwx
                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Pass
                        File Item
                        Name Type Status Value
                        Filepath String Exists /etc/security/opasswd
                        Path String Exists /etc/security
                        Filename String Exists opasswd
                        Type String Exists regular
                        Group Id Int Exists 0
                        User Id Int Exists 0
                        A Time Int Exists 1667857134
                        C Time Int Exists 1667857284
                        M Time Int Exists 1667857134
                        Size Int Exists 0
                        Suid Int Exists false
                        Sgid Boolean Exists false
                        Sticky Boolean Exists false
                        Uread Boolean Exists true
                        Uwrite Boolean Exists true
                        Uexec Boolean Exists false
                        Gread Boolean Exists false
                        Gwrite Boolean Exists false
                        Gexec Boolean Exists false
                        Oread Boolean Exists false
                        Owrite Boolean Exists false
                        Oexec Boolean Exists false
                        Has Extended Acl Boolean Not collected No Value
                        Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/security/opasswd.old exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions --xrwxrwx
                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Fail
                        No matching system items were found.


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.10_Ensure_permissions_on_etcopasswd_are_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.968Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995075"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995075">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995075"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/security/opasswd exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions --xrwxrwx</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>File Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filepath</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/security/opasswd</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/security</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>opasswd</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Type</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>regular</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Group Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>User Id</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>A Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1667857134</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>C Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1667857284</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>M Time</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1667857134</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Size</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Suid</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Sgid</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Sticky</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Uwrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>true</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Uexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gwrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Gexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Oread</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Owrite</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Oexec</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>false</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Has Extended Acl</td>
                              <td>Boolean</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995085"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995085">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995085"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/security/opasswd.old exists and is owned by 0:0 and does not have permissions --xrwxrwx</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3, MP-2

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                          Subcontrol: 14.6
                          Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                          Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                          Safeguard: 3.3
                          Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                          Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                          Implementation Group: IG-1
                          Security Function: Protect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Pass

                        6.1.11 Ensure world writable files and directories are secured

                        Description:

                        World writable files are the least secure. Data in world-writable files can be modified and compromised by any user on the system. World writable files may also indicate an incorrectly written script or program that could potentially be the cause of a larger compromise to the system's integrity. See the chmod(2) man page for more information.

                        Setting the sticky bit on world writable directories prevents users from deleting or renaming files in that directory that are not owned by them.

                        Data in world-writable files can be modified and compromised by any user on the system. World writable files may also indicate an incorrectly written script or program that could potentially be the cause of a larger compromise to the system's integrity.

                        This feature prevents the ability to delete or rename files in world writable directories (such as /tmp ) that are owned by another user.

                        • World Writable Files:
                          • It is recommended that write access is removed from other with the command ( chmod o-w <filename> ), but always consult relevant vendor documentation to avoid breaking any application dependencies on a given file.
                        • World Writable Directories:
                          • Set the sticky bit on all world writable directories with the command ( chmod a+t <directory_name> )

                        Run the following script to:

                        • Remove other write permission from any world writable files
                        • Add the sticky bit to all world writable directories
                        #!/usr/bin/env bash



                        {

                        l_smask='01000'

                        a_path=(); a_arr=() # Initialize array

                        a_path=(! -path "/run/user/*" -a ! -path "/proc/*" -a ! -path "*/containerd/*" -a ! -path "*/kubelet/pods/*" -a ! -path "/sys/kernel/security/apparmor/*" -a ! -path "/snap/*" -a ! -path "/sys/fs/cgroup/memory/*")

                        while read -r l_bfs; do

                        a_path+=( -a ! -path ""$l_bfs"/*")

                        done < <(findmnt -Dkerno fstype,target | awk '$1 ~ /^\s*(nfs|proc|smb)/ {print $2}')

                        # Populate array with files

                        while IFS= read -r -d $'\0' l_file; do

                        [ -e "$l_file" ] && a_arr+=("$(stat -Lc '%n^%#a' "$l_file")")

                        done < <(find / \( "${a_path[@]}" \) \( -type f -o -type d \) -perm -0002 -print0 2>/dev/null)

                        while IFS="^" read -r l_fname l_mode; do # Test files in the array

                        if [ -f "$l_fname" ]; then # Remove excess permissions from WW files

                        echo -e " - File: \"$l_fname\" is mode: \"$l_mode\"\n - removing write permission on \"$l_fname\" from \"other\""

                        chmod o-w "$l_fname"

                        fi

                        if [ -d "$l_fname" ]; then

                        if [ ! $(( $l_mode & $l_smask )) -gt 0 ]; then # Add sticky bit

                        echo -e " - Directory: \"$l_fname\" is mode: \"$l_mode\" and doesn't have the sticky bit set\n - Adding the sticky bit"

                        chmod a+t "$l_fname"

                        fi

                        fi

                        done < <(printf '%s\n' "${a_arr[@]}")

                        unset a_path; unset a_arr # Remove array

                        }

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Script: sce/nix_world_writable_chk.sh
                        Result: Pass
                        Exit Value: 101
                        Output:
                        • - Audit Result:
                        • ** PASS **
                        • - * Correctly configured * :
                        • - No world writable files exist on the local filesystem.
                        • - Sticky bit is set on world writable directories on the local filesystem.
                        No error lines were collected.


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.11_Ensure_world_writable_files_and_directories_are_secured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.970Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_world_writable_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_world_writable_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_world_writable_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** PASS **</l>
                  <l> - * Correctly configured * :</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>  - No world writable files exist on the local filesystem.</l>
                  <l>  - Sticky bit is set on world writable directories on the local filesystem.</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_world_writable_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** PASS **</li>
                              <li> - * Correctly configured * :</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>  - No world writable files exist on the local filesystem.</li>
                              <li>  - Sticky bit is set on world writable directories on the local filesystem.</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                          Subcontrol: 14.6
                          Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                          Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                          Safeguard: 3.3
                          Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                          Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                          Implementation Group: IG-1
                          Security Function: Protect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Fail

                        6.1.12 Ensure no unowned or ungrouped files or directories exist

                        Description:

                        Administrators may delete users or groups from the system and neglect to remove all files and/or directories owned by those users or groups.

                        A new user or group who is assigned a deleted user's user ID or group ID may then end up "owning" a deleted user or group's files, and thus have more access on the system than was intended.

                        Remove or set ownership and group ownership of these files and/or directories to an active user on the system as appropriate.

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Script: sce/nix_unowned_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • Adding: /opt/theia/node_modules/keytar/build
                        • Adding: /opt/theia/node_modules/keytar/build/Release
                        • Adding: /opt/theia/node_modules/keytar/build/Release/keytar.node
                        • Adding: /opt/theia/node_modules/vscode-ripgrep/bin/rg
                        • Adding: /usr/bin/helm
                        • Adding: /usr/bin/etcdctl
                        • - Audit Result:
                        • ** FAIL **
                        • - * Reasons for audit failure * :
                        • - There are "6" unowned files or directories on the system.
                        • - The following is a list of unowned files and/or directories:
                        • /opt/theia/node_modules/keytar/build
                        • /opt/theia/node_modules/keytar/build/Release
                        • /opt/theia/node_modules/keytar/build/Release/keytar.node
                        • /opt/theia/node_modules/vscode-ripgrep/bin/rg
                        • /usr/bin/helm
                        • /usr/bin/etcdctl
                        • - end of list
                        • - There are "6" ungrouped files or directories on the system.
                        • - The following is a list of ungrouped files and/or directories:
                        • /opt/theia/node_modules/keytar/build
                        • /opt/theia/node_modules/keytar/build/Release
                        • /opt/theia/node_modules/keytar/build/Release/keytar.node
                        • /opt/theia/node_modules/vscode-ripgrep/bin/rg
                        • /usr/bin/helm
                        • /usr/bin/etcdctl
                        • - end of list
                        No error lines were collected.


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.12_Ensure_no_unowned_or_ungrouped_files_or_directories_exist"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.970Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_unowned_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_unowned_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_unowned_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l>Adding: /opt/theia/node_modules/keytar/build</l>
                  <l>Adding: /opt/theia/node_modules/keytar/build/Release</l>
                  <l>Adding: /opt/theia/node_modules/keytar/build/Release/keytar.node</l>
                  <l>Adding: /opt/theia/node_modules/vscode-ripgrep/bin/rg</l>
                  <l>Adding: /usr/bin/helm</l>
                  <l>Adding: /usr/bin/etcdctl</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>  - There are "6" unowned files or directories on the system.</l>
                  <l>   - The following is a list of unowned files and/or directories:</l>
                  <l>/opt/theia/node_modules/keytar/build</l>
                  <l>/opt/theia/node_modules/keytar/build/Release</l>
                  <l>/opt/theia/node_modules/keytar/build/Release/keytar.node</l>
                  <l>/opt/theia/node_modules/vscode-ripgrep/bin/rg</l>
                  <l>/usr/bin/helm</l>
                  <l>/usr/bin/etcdctl</l>
                  <l>   - end of list</l>
                  <l>  - There are "6" ungrouped files or directories on the system.</l>
                  <l>   - The following is a list of ungrouped files and/or directories:</l>
                  <l>/opt/theia/node_modules/keytar/build</l>
                  <l>/opt/theia/node_modules/keytar/build/Release</l>
                  <l>/opt/theia/node_modules/keytar/build/Release/keytar.node</l>
                  <l>/opt/theia/node_modules/vscode-ripgrep/bin/rg</l>
                  <l>/usr/bin/helm</l>
                  <l>/usr/bin/etcdctl</l>
                  <l>   - end of list</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_unowned_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>Adding: /opt/theia/node_modules/keytar/build</li>
                              <li>Adding: /opt/theia/node_modules/keytar/build/Release</li>
                              <li>Adding: /opt/theia/node_modules/keytar/build/Release/keytar.node</li>
                              <li>Adding: /opt/theia/node_modules/vscode-ripgrep/bin/rg</li>
                              <li>Adding: /usr/bin/helm</li>
                              <li>Adding: /usr/bin/etcdctl</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>  - There are "6" unowned files or directories on the system.</li>
                              <li>   - The following is a list of unowned files and/or directories:</li>
                              <li>/opt/theia/node_modules/keytar/build</li>
                              <li>/opt/theia/node_modules/keytar/build/Release</li>
                              <li>/opt/theia/node_modules/keytar/build/Release/keytar.node</li>
                              <li>/opt/theia/node_modules/vscode-ripgrep/bin/rg</li>
                              <li>/usr/bin/helm</li>
                              <li>/usr/bin/etcdctl</li>
                              <li>   - end of list</li>
                              <li>  - There are "6" ungrouped files or directories on the system.</li>
                              <li>   - The following is a list of ungrouped files and/or directories:</li>
                              <li>/opt/theia/node_modules/keytar/build</li>
                              <li>/opt/theia/node_modules/keytar/build/Release</li>
                              <li>/opt/theia/node_modules/keytar/build/Release/keytar.node</li>
                              <li>/opt/theia/node_modules/vscode-ripgrep/bin/rg</li>
                              <li>/usr/bin/helm</li>
                              <li>/usr/bin/etcdctl</li>
                              <li>   - end of list</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: AC-3. MP-2

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                          Subcontrol: 14.6
                          Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                          Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                          Safeguard: 3.3
                          Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                          Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                          Implementation Group: IG-1
                          Security Function: Protect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Manual

                        6.1.13 Ensure SUID and SGID files are reviewed

                        Description:

                        The owner of a file can set the file's permissions to run with the owner's or group's permissions, even if the user running the program is not the owner or a member of the group. The most common reason for a SUID or SGID program is to enable users to perform functions (such as changing their password) that require root privileges.

                        There are valid reasons for SUID and SGID programs, but it is important to identify and review such programs to ensure they are legitimate. Review the files returned by the action in the audit section and check to see if system binaries have a different checksum than what from the package. This is an indication that the binary may have been replaced.

                        Ensure that no rogue SUID or SGID programs have been introduced into the system. Review the files returned by the action in the Audit section and confirm the integrity of these binaries.



                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.1.13_Ensure_SUID_and_SGID_files_are_reviewed"
                   role="unscored"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.970Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="0.0">
   <xccdf:result>notchecked</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5, AC-3, MP-2</xccdf:ident>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5, AC-3, MP-2

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                          Subcontrol: 14.6
                          Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                          Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                          Safeguard: 3.3
                          Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                          Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                          Implementation Group: IG-1
                          Security Function: Protect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary

                        6.2 Local User and Group Settings

                        This section provides guidance on securing aspects of the local users and groups.

                        Note: The recommendations in this section check local users and groups. Any users or groups from other sources such as LDAP will not be audited. In a domain environment similar checks should be performed against domain users and groups.

                        Pass

                        6.2.1 Ensure accounts in /etc/passwd use shadowed passwords

                        Description:

                        Local accounts can uses shadowed passwords. With shadowed passwords, The passwords are saved in shadow password file, /etc/shadow , encrypted by a salted one-way hash. Accounts with a shadowed password have an x in the second field in /etc/passwd .

                        The /etc/passwd file also contains information like user ID's and group ID's that are used by many system programs. Therefore, the /etc/passwd file must remain world readable. In spite of encoding the password with a randomly-generated one-way hash function, an attacker could still break the system if they got access to the /etc/passwd file. This can be mitigated by using shadowed passwords, thus moving the passwords in the /etc/passwd file to /etc/shadow . The /etc/shadow file is set so only root will be able to read and write. This helps mitigate the risk of an attacker gaining access to the encoded passwords with which to perform a dictionary attack.

                        Note:

                        • All accounts must have passwords or be locked to prevent the account from being used by an unauthorized user.
                        • A user account with an empty second field in /etc/passwd allows the account to be logged into by providing only the username.

                        Run the following command to set accounts to use shadowed passwords:

                        # sed -e 's/^\([a-zA-Z0-9_]*\):[^:]*:/\1:x:/' -i /etc/passwd

                        Investigate to determine if the account is logged in and what it is being used for, to determine if it needs to be forced off.

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/passwd exists and matches pattern ^\s*[^:]+:[^x:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*(\s+#.*)?$
                        Existence Check: None Exist
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Pass
                        No matching system items were found.


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.1_Ensure_accounts_in_etcpasswd_use_shadowed_passwords"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.970Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/16/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/11"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995108"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995108">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995108"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure no file named /etc/passwd exists and matches pattern ^\s*[^:]+:[^x:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]*(\s+#.*)?$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 16: Account Monitoring and Control: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Actively manage the life cycle of system and application accounts - their creation, use, dormancy, deletion - in order to minimize opportunities for attackers to leverage them.
                          Subcontrol: 16.4
                          Label: Encrypt or Hash all Authentication Credentials
                          Description: Encrypt or hash with a salt all authentication credentials when stored.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                          Safeguard: 3.11
                          Label: Encrypt Sensitive Data at Rest
                          Description: Encrypt sensitive data at rest on servers, applications, and databases containing sensitive data. Storage-layer encryption, also known as server-side encryption, meets the minimum requirement of this Safeguard. Additional encryption methods may include application-layer encryption, also known as client-side encryption, where access to the data storage device(s) does not permit access to the plain-text data.
                          Implementation Group: IG-2
                          Security Function: Protect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Pass

                        6.2.2 Ensure /etc/shadow password fields are not empty

                        Description:

                        An account with an empty password field means that anybody may log in as that user without providing a password.

                        All accounts must have passwords or be locked to prevent the account from being used by an unauthorized user.

                        If any accounts in the /etc/shadow file do not have a password, run the following command to lock the account until it can be determined why it does not have a password:

                        # passwd -l <username>

                        Also, check to see if the account is logged in and investigate what it is being used for to determine if it needs to be forced off.

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Criterion: Ensure usernames pattern match .+ have shadow parameter password Pattern Match .+ (string)
                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Pass
                        Shadow Item
                        Name Type Status Value
                        Username String Exists kc-internal
                        Password String Exists $1$[OBFUSCATED HASHED PWD]
                        Chg Lst Int Exists 19309
                        Chg Allow Int Exists 0
                        Chg Req Int Exists 99999
                        Exp Warn Int Exists 7
                        Exp Inact Int Does not exist No Value
                        Exp Date Int Does not exist No Value
                        Flag String Exists No Value
                        Encrypt Method String Exists MD5
                        Shadow Item
                        Name Type Status Value
                        Username String Exists ubuntu
                        Password String Exists $6$[OBFUSCATED HASHED PWD]
                        Chg Lst Int Exists 19309
                        Chg Allow Int Exists 0
                        Chg Req Int Exists 99999
                        Exp Warn Int Exists 7
                        Exp Inact Int Does not exist No Value
                        Exp Date Int Does not exist No Value
                        Flag String Exists No Value
                        Encrypt Method String Exists SHA-512


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.2_Ensure_etcshadow_password_fields_are_not_empty"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.970Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/4/subcontrol/4"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/5/subcontrol/2"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-export export-name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:3995115"
                             value-id="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_value_3995115_var"/>
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995115"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995115">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995115"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure usernames pattern match .+ have shadow parameter password Pattern Match .+ (string)</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Shadow Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Username</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>kc-internal</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Password</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>$1$[OBFUSCATED HASHED PWD]</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Chg Lst</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>19309</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Chg Allow</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Chg Req</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>99999</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Exp Warn</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>7</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Exp Inact</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Does not exist</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Exp Date</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Does not exist</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Flag</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Encrypt Method</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>MD5</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Shadow Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Username</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>ubuntu</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Password</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>$6$[OBFUSCATED HASHED PWD]</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Chg Lst</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>19309</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Chg Allow</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Chg Req</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>99999</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Exp Warn</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>7</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Exp Inact</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Does not exist</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Exp Date</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Does not exist</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Flag</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Encrypt Method</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>SHA-512</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 4: Controlled Use of Administrative Privileges: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct the use, assignment, and configuration of administrative privileges on computers, networks, and applications.
                          Subcontrol: 4.4
                          Label: Use Unique Passwords
                          Description: Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator, root, or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that system.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 5: Account Management: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Use processes and tools to assign and manage authorization to credentials for user accounts, including administrator accounts, as well as service accounts, to enterprise assets and software.
                          Safeguard: 5.2
                          Label: Use Unique Passwords
                          Description: Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation includes, at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a 14-character password for accounts not using MFA.
                          Implementation Group: IG-1
                          Security Function: Protect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Pass

                        6.2.3 Ensure all groups in /etc/passwd exist in /etc/group

                        Description:

                        Over time, system administration errors and changes can lead to groups being defined in /etc/passwd but not in /etc/group .

                        Groups defined in the /etc/passwd file but not in the /etc/group file pose a threat to system security since group permissions are not properly managed.

                        Analyze the output of the Audit step above and perform the appropriate action to correct any discrepancies found.

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Script: sce/etc_group_chk.sh
                        Result: Pass
                        Exit Value: 101
                        Output:
                        • All groups in /etc/passwd exist in /etc/group
                        No error lines were collected.


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.3_Ensure_all_groups_in_etcpasswd_exist_in_etcgroup"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.970Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/etc_group_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/etc_group_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/etc_group_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l>All groups in /etc/passwd exist in /etc/group</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/etc_group_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>All groups in /etc/passwd exist in /etc/group</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5

                        Back to Summary
                        Pass

                        6.2.4 Ensure shadow group is empty

                        Description:

                        The shadow group allows system programs which require access the ability to read the /etc/shadow file. No users should be assigned to the shadow group.

                        Any users assigned to the shadow group would be granted read access to the /etc/shadow file. If attackers can gain read access to the /etc/shadow file, they can easily run a password cracking program against the hashed passwords to break them. Other security information that is stored in the /etc/shadow file (such as expiration) could also be useful to subvert additional user accounts.

                        Run the following command to remove all users from the shadow group

                        # sed -ri 's/(^shadow:[^:]*:[^:]*:)([^:]+$)/\1/' /etc/group

                        Change the primary group of any users with shadow as their primary group.

                        # usermod -g <primary group> <user>

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Criterion: Ensure no file named /etc/group exists and matches pattern ^shadow:[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]+$
                        Existence Check: None Exist
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Pass
                        No matching system items were found.
                        Script: sce/nix_user_shadow_primary_group_chk.sh
                        Result: Pass
                        Exit Value: 101
                        Output:
                        • PASSED: No users have group shadow as their primary group
                        No error lines were collected.


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.4_Ensure_shadow_group_is_empty"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.971Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995126"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995126">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995126"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="none_exist">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure no file named /etc/group exists and matches pattern ^shadow:[^:]*:[^:]*:[^:]+$</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>None Exist</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <tr>
                           <td>No matching system items were found.</td>
                        </tr>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_user_shadow_primary_group_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_user_shadow_primary_group_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_user_shadow_primary_group_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l>PASSED: No users have group shadow as their primary group</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_user_shadow_primary_group_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li>PASSED: No users have group shadow as their primary group</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: IA-5

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                          Subcontrol: 14.6
                          Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                          Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                          Safeguard: 3.3
                          Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                          Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                          Implementation Group: IG-1
                          Security Function: Protect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Fail

                        6.2.5 Ensure no duplicate UIDs exist

                        Description:

                        Although the useradd program will not let you create a duplicate User ID (UID), it is possible for an administrator to manually edit the /etc/passwd file and change the UID field.

                        Users must be assigned unique UIDs for accountability and to ensure appropriate access protections.

                        Based on the results of the audit script, establish unique UIDs and review all files owned by the shared UIDs to determine which UID they are supposed to belong to.

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Criterion: Linux Custom Object "Check For Duplicate UIDs"
                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Fail
                        Variable Item
                        Name Type Status Value
                        Var Ref String Exists oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:3995136
                        Value Int Exists 36


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.5_Ensure_no_duplicate_UIDs_exist"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.971Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995136"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995136">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995136"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Linux Custom Object "Check For Duplicate UIDs"</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Variable Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Var Ref</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:3995136</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Value</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>36</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5

                        Back to Summary
                        Pass

                        6.2.6 Ensure no duplicate GIDs exist

                        Description:

                        Although the groupadd program will not let you create a duplicate Group ID (GID), it is possible for an administrator to manually edit the /etc/group file and change the GID field.

                        User groups must be assigned unique GIDs for accountability and to ensure appropriate access protections.

                        Based on the results of the audit script, establish unique GIDs and review all files owned by the shared GID to determine which group they are supposed to belong to.

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Criterion: Linux Custom Object "Check For Duplicate GIDs"
                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Pass
                        Variable Item
                        Name Type Status Value
                        Var Ref String Exists oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:3995141
                        Value Int Exists 61


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.6_Ensure_no_duplicate_GIDs_exist"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.971Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995141"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995141">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995141"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Linux Custom Object "Check For Duplicate GIDs"</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Variable Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Var Ref</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:3995141</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Value</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>61</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5

                        Back to Summary
                        Pass

                        6.2.7 Ensure no duplicate user names exist

                        Description:

                        Although the useradd program will not let you create a duplicate user name, it is possible for an administrator to manually edit the /etc/passwd file and change the user name.

                        If a user is assigned a duplicate user name, it will create and have access to files with the first UID for that username in /etc/passwd . For example, if "test4" has a UID of 1000 and a subsequent "test4" entry has a UID of 2000, logging in as "test4" will use UID 1000. Effectively, the UID is shared, which is a security problem.

                        Based on the results of the audit script, establish unique user names for the users. File ownerships will automatically reflect the change as long as the users have unique UIDs.

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Criterion: Linux Custom Object "Check For Duplicate User Names"
                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Pass
                        Variable Item
                        Name Type Status Value
                        Var Ref String Exists oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:3995146
                        Value Int Exists 36


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.7_Ensure_no_duplicate_user_names_exist"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.972Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995146"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995146">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995146"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Linux Custom Object "Check For Duplicate User Names"</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Variable Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Var Ref</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:3995146</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Value</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>36</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5

                        Back to Summary
                        Pass

                        6.2.8 Ensure no duplicate group names exist

                        Description:

                        Although the groupadd program will not let you create a duplicate group name, it is possible for an administrator to manually edit the /etc/group file and change the group name.

                        If a group is assigned a duplicate group name, it will create and have access to files with the first GID for that group in /etc/group . Effectively, the GID is shared, which is a security problem.

                        Based on the results of the audit script, establish unique names for the user groups. File group ownerships will automatically reflect the change as long as the groups have unique GIDs.

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Criterion: Linux Custom Object "Check For Duplicate Group Names"
                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Pass
                        Variable Item
                        Name Type Status Value
                        Var Ref String Exists oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:3995151
                        Value Int Exists 61


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.8_Ensure_no_duplicate_group_names_exist"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.972Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995151"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995151">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995151"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Linux Custom Object "Check For Duplicate Group Names"</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Variable Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Var Ref</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:var:3995151</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr class="evaluated">
                              <td>Value</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>61</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5

                        Back to Summary
                        Pass

                        6.2.9 Ensure root PATH Integrity

                        Description:

                        The root user can execute any command on the system and could be fooled into executing programs unintentionally if the PATH is not set correctly.

                        Including the current working directory (.) or other writable directory in root 's executable path makes it likely that an attacker can gain superuser access by forcing an administrator operating as root to execute a Trojan horse program.

                        Correct or justify any items discovered in the Audit step.

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Script: sce/root_path.sh
                        Result: Pass
                        Exit Value: 101
                        Output:
                        • - Audit Result:
                        • ** PASS **
                        No error lines were collected.


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.9_Ensure_root_PATH_Integrity"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.972Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>pass</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/root_path.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/root_path.sh"
                            xccdf="pass"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/root_path.sh"
                            exit-value="101">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** PASS **</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/root_path.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>101</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** PASS **</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5

                        Back to Summary
                        Fail

                        6.2.10 Ensure root is the only UID 0 account

                        Description:

                        Any account with UID 0 has superuser privileges on the system.

                        This access must be limited to only the default root account and only from the system console. Administrative access must be through an unprivileged account using an approved mechanism as noted in Item 5.6 Ensure access to the su command is restricted.

                        Remove any users other than root with UID 0 or assign them a new UID if appropriate.

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Criterion: Ensure at least one file named /etc/passwd exists and does not match pattern ^(?!root:)[^:]*:[^:]*:0
                        Existence Check: At Least One Exists
                        Item Check: All
                        Result: Pass
                        Textfilecontent Item
                        Name Type Status Value
                        Filepath String Exists /etc/passwd
                        Path String Exists /etc
                        Filename String Exists passwd
                        Pattern String Exists ^(?!root:)[^:]*:[^:]*:0
                        Instance Int Exists 1
                        Line String Exists kc-internal:x:0
                        Text String Exists kc-internal:x:0
                        Subexpression String Does not exist No Value
                        Windows View String Not collected No Value


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.10_Ensure_root_is_the_only_UID_0_account"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.973Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="#OVAL-Results-1"
                                  name="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995163"/>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="definition"
                 id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:def:3995163">
               <div class="criteria">
                  <div class="criterion"
                       id="oval:org.cisecurity.benchmarks.canonical_ubuntu_linux_20:tst:3995163"
                       check="all"
                       check_existence="at_least_one_exists">
                     <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Criterion:</td>
                              <td>Ensure at least one file named /etc/passwd exists and does not match pattern ^(?!root:)[^:]*:[^:]*:0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Existence Check:</td>
                              <td>At Least One Exists</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Item Check:</td>
                              <td>All</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                              <td class="pass">Pass</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                     <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                        <caption>Textfilecontent Item</caption>
                        <thead>
                           <tr>
                              <th scope="col">Name</th>
                              <th scope="col">Type</th>
                              <th scope="col">Status</th>
                              <th scope="col">Value</th>
                           </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody class="tbe">
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filepath</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc/passwd</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Path</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>/etc</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Filename</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>passwd</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Pattern</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>^(?!root:)[^:]*:[^:]*:0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Instance</td>
                              <td>Int</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>1</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Line</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>kc-internal:x:0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Text</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Exists</td>
                              <td>kc-internal:x:0</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Subexpression</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Does not exist</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                           <tr>
                              <td>Windows View</td>
                              <td>String</td>
                              <td>Not collected</td>
                              <td>No Value</td>
                           </tr>
                        </tbody>
                     </table>
                  </div>
               </div>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5

                        Back to Summary
                        Fail

                        6.2.11 Ensure local interactive user home directories are configured

                        Description:

                        The user home directory is space defined for the particular user to set local environment variables and to store personal files. While the system administrator can establish secure permissions for users' home directories, the users can easily override these. Users can be defined in /etc/passwd without a home directory or with a home directory that does not actually exist.

                        Since the user is accountable for files stored in the user home directory, the user must be the owner of the directory. Group or world-writable user home directories may enable malicious users to steal or modify other users' data or to gain another user's system privileges. If the user's home directory does not exist or is unassigned, the user will be placed in "/" and will not be able to write any files or have local environment variables set.

                        If a local interactive users' home directory is undefined and/or doesn't exist, follow local site policy and perform one of the following:

                        • Lock the user account
                        • Remove the user from the system
                        • create a directory for the user. If undefined, edit /etc/passwd and add the absolute path to the directory to the last field of the user.

                        Run the following script to:

                        • Remove excessive permissions from local interactive users home directories
                        • Update the home directory's owner
                        #!/usr/bin/env bash



                        {

                        l_output2=""

                        l_valid_shells="^($( awk -F\/ '$NF != "nologin" {print}' /etc/shells | sed -rn '/^\//{s,/,\\\\/,g;p}' | paste -s -d '|' - ))$"

                        unset a_uarr && a_uarr=() # Clear and initialize array

                        while read -r l_epu l_eph; do # Populate array with users and user home location

                        a_uarr+=("$l_epu $l_eph")

                        done <<< "$(awk -v pat="$l_valid_shells" -F: '$(NF) ~ pat { print $1 " " $(NF-1) }' /etc/passwd)"

                        l_asize="${#a_uarr[@]}" # Here if we want to look at number of users before proceeding

                        [ "$l_asize " -gt "10000" ] && echo -e "\n ** INFO **\n - \"$l_asize\" Local interactive users found on the system\n - This may be a long running process\n"

                        while read -r l_user l_home; do

                        if [ -d "$l_home" ]; then

                        l_mask='0027'

                        l_max="$( printf '%o' $(( 0777 & ~$l_mask)) )"

                        while read -r l_own l_mode; do

                        if [ "$l_user" != "$l_own" ]; then

                        l_output2="$l_output2\n - User: \"$l_user\" Home \"$l_home\" is owned by: \"$l_own\"\n - changing ownership to: \"$l_user\"\n"

                        chown "$l_user" "$l_home"

                        fi

                        if [ $(( $l_mode & $l_mask )) -gt 0 ]; then

                        l_output2="$l_output2\n - User: \"$l_user\" Home \"$l_home\" is mode: \"$l_mode\" should be mode: \"$l_max\" or more restrictive\n - removing excess permissions\n"

                        chmod g-w,o-rwx "$l_home"

                        fi

                        done <<< "$(stat -Lc '%U %#a' "$l_home")"

                        else

                        l_output2="$l_output2\n - User: \"$l_user\" Home \"$l_home\" Doesn't exist\n - Please create a home in accordance with local site policy"

                        fi

                        done <<< "$(printf '%s\n' "${a_uarr[@]}")"

                        if [ -z "$l_output2" ]; then # If l_output2 is empty, we pass

                        echo -e " - No modification needed to local interactive users home directories"

                        else

                        echo -e "\n$l_output2"

                        fi

                        }

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Script: sce/nix_user_home_directory_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • - Audit Result:
                        • ** FAIL **
                        • - * Reasons for audit failure * :
                        • - User: "kc-internal" Home "/root" is owned by: "root"
                        • - User: "ubuntu" Home "/home/ubuntu" is mode: "0755" should be mode: "750" or more restrictive
                        • - * Correctly configured * :
                        • - All local interactive users:
                        • - home directories exist
                        No error lines were collected.


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.11_Ensure_local_interactive_user_home_directories_are_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.973Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_user_home_directory_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_user_home_directory_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_user_home_directory_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>  - User: "kc-internal" Home "/root" is owned by: "root"</l>
                  <l>  - User: "ubuntu" Home "/home/ubuntu" is mode: "0755" should be mode: "750" or more restrictive</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- * Correctly configured * :</l>
                  <l>  - All local interactive users:</l>
                  <l>   - home directories exist</l>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_user_home_directory_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>  - User: "kc-internal" Home "/root" is owned by: "root"</li>
                              <li>  - User: "ubuntu" Home "/home/ubuntu" is mode: "0755" should be mode: "750" or more restrictive</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li>- * Correctly configured * :</li>
                              <li>  - All local interactive users:</li>
                              <li>   - home directories exist</li>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                          Subcontrol: 14.6
                          Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                          Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                          Safeguard: 3.3
                          Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                          Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                          Implementation Group: IG-1
                          Security Function: Protect
                          • >

                        Back to Summary
                        Fail

                        6.2.12 Ensure local interactive user dot files access is configured

                        Description:

                        While the system administrator can establish secure permissions for users' "dot" files, the users can easily override these.

                        • .forward file specifies an email address to forward the user's mail to.
                        • .rhost file provides the "remote authentication" database for the rcp, rlogin, and rsh commands and the rcmd() function. These files bypass the standard password-based user authentication mechanism. They specify remote hosts and users that are considered trusted (i.e. are allowed to access the local system without supplying a password)
                        • .netrc file contains data for logging into a remote host or passing authentication to an API.
                        • .bash_history file keeps track of the user’s last 500 commands.

                        User configuration files with excessive or incorrect access may enable malicious users to steal or modify other users' data or to gain another user's system privileges.

                        Making global modifications to users' files without alerting the user community can result in unexpected outages and unhappy users. Therefore, it is recommended that a monitoring policy be established to report user dot file permissions and determine the action to be taken in accordance with site policy.

                        The following script will:

                        • remove excessive permissions on dot files within interactive users' home directories
                        • change ownership of dot files within interactive users' home directories to the user
                        • change group ownership of dot files within interactive users' home directories to the user's primary group
                        • list .forward and .rhost files to be investigated and manually deleted
                        #!/usr/bin/env bash



                        {

                        l_valid_shells="^($( awk -F\/ '$NF != "nologin" {print}' /etc/shells | sed -rn '/^\//{s,/,\\\\/,g;p}' | paste -s -d '|' - ))$"

                        unset a_uarr && a_uarr=() # Clear and initialize array

                        while read -r l_epu l_eph; do # Populate array with users and user home location

                        [[ -n "$l_epu" && -n "$l_eph" ]] && a_uarr+=("$l_epu $l_eph")

                        done <<< "$(awk -v pat="$l_valid_shells" -F: '$(NF) ~ pat { print $1 " " $(NF-1) }' /etc/passwd)"

                        l_asize="${#a_uarr[@]}" # Here if we want to look at number of users before proceeding

                        l_maxsize="1000" # Maximum number of local interactive users before warning (Default 1,000)

                        [ "$l_asize " -gt "$l_maxsize" ] && echo -e "\n ** INFO **\n - \"$l_asize\" Local interactive users found on the system\n - This may be a long running check\n"

                        file_access_fix()

                        {

                        l_facout2=""

                        l_max="$( printf '%o' $(( 0777 & ~$l_mask)) )"

                        if [ $(( $l_mode & $l_mask )) -gt 0 ]; then

                        echo -e " - File: \"$l_hdfile\" is mode: \"$l_mode\" and should be mode: \"$l_max\" or more restrictive\n - Changing to mode \"$l_max\""

                        chmod "$l_chp" "$l_hdfile"

                        fi

                        if [[ ! "$l_owner" =~ ($l_user) ]]; then

                        echo -e " - File: \"$l_hdfile\" owned by: \"$l_owner\" and should be owned by \"${l_user//|/ or }\"\n - Changing ownership to \"$l_user\""

                        chown "$l_user" "$l_hdfile"

                        fi

                        if [[ ! "$l_gowner" =~ ($l_group) ]]; then

                        echo -e " - File: \"$l_hdfile\" group owned by: \"$l_gowner\" and should be group owned by \"${l_group//|/ or }\"\n - Changing group ownership to \"$l_group\""

                        chgrp "$l_group" "$l_hdfile"

                        fi

                        }

                        while read -r l_user l_home; do

                        if [ -d "$l_home" ]; then

                        echo -e "\n - Checking user: \"$l_user\" home directory: \"$l_home\""

                        l_group="$(id -gn "$l_user" | xargs)"

                        l_group="${l_group// /|}"

                        while IFS= read -r -d $'\0' l_hdfile; do

                        while read -r l_mode l_owner l_gowner; do

                        case "$(basename "$l_hdfile")" in

                        .forward | .rhost )

                        echo -e " - File: \"$l_hdfile\" exists\n - Please investigate and manually delete \"$l_hdfile\""

                        ;;

                        .netrc )

                        l_mask='0177'

                        l_chp="u-x,go-rwx"

                        file_access_fix ;;

                        .bash_history )

                        l_mask='0177'

                        l_chp="u-x,go-rwx"

                        file_access_fix ;;

                        * )

                        l_mask='0133'

                        l_chp="u-x,go-wx"

                        file_access_fix ;;

                        esac

                        done <<< "$(stat -Lc '%#a %U %G' "$l_hdfile")"

                        done < <(find "$l_home" -xdev -type f -name '.*' -print0)

                        fi

                        done <<< "$(printf '%s\n' "${a_uarr[@]}")"

                        unset a_uarr # Remove array

                        }

                        Show Assessment Evidence
                        Complex Check
                        AND
                        Script: sce/nix_user_dot_files_access_chk.sh
                        Result: Fail
                        Exit Value: 102
                        Output:
                        • - Audit Result:
                        • ** FAIL **
                        • - * Reasons for audit failure * :
                        • - User: "kc-internal" Home Directory: "/root"
                        • - File: "/root/.bash_history" owned by: "root" and should be owned by "kc-internal"
                        • - File: "/root/.profile" owned by: "root" and should be owned by "kc-internal"
                        • - * Correctly configured * :
                        • - No local interactive users home directories contain:
                        • - ".forward" or ".rhost" files
                        • - ".netrc" files with incorrect access configured
                        No error lines were collected.


                        Show Rule Result XML
                        <xccdf:rule-result xmlns:xccdf="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:notes="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/notes"
                   xmlns:ae="http://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ae/0.5"
                   xmlns:ciscf="https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/ciscf/1.0"
                   xmlns:cc7="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"
                   xmlns:cc6="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v6.1"
                   xmlns:ciscat-checklist="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:cc8="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"
                   xmlns="http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.2"
                   xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xmlns:scap-con="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/constructs/1.2"
                   xmlns:arf="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-reporting-format/1.1"
                   xmlns:dsc="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/scap/source/1.2"
                   xmlns:ai="http://scap.nist.gov/schema/asset-identification/1.1"
                   idref="xccdf_org.cisecurity.benchmarks_rule_6.2.12_Ensure_local_interactive_user_dot_files_access_is_configured"
                   role="full"
                   severity="unknown"
                   time="2023-12-18T13:26:23.973Z"
                   version="1"
                   weight="1.0">
   <xccdf:result>fail</xccdf:result>
   <xccdf:ident cc7:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0/control/14/subcontrol/6"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v7.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident cc8:controlURI="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0/control/3/subcontrol/3"
                system="http://cisecurity.org/20-cc/v8.0"/>
   <xccdf:ident system="URL">NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5</xccdf:ident>
   <xccdf:complex-check operator="AND" negate="false">
      <xccdf:check system="http://open-scap.org/page/SCE"
                   negate="false"
                   multi-check="false">
         <xccdf:check-content-ref href="sce/nix_user_dot_files_access_chk.sh"/>
         <xccdf:check-content>
            <command_result href="sce/nix_user_dot_files_access_chk.sh"
                            xccdf="fail"
                            script="/root/cis/Assessor/sce/nix_user_dot_files_access_chk.sh"
                            exit-value="102">
               <out>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- Audit Result:</l>
                  <l>  ** FAIL **</l>
                  <l> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l> - User: "kc-internal" Home Directory: "/root"</l>
                  <l>  - File: "/root/.bash_history" owned by: "root" and should be owned by "kc-internal"</l>
                  <l>  - File: "/root/.profile" owned by: "root" and should be owned by "kc-internal"</l>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
                  <l/>
                  <l>- * Correctly configured * :</l>
                  <l>  - No local interactive users home directories contain:</l>
                  <l>   - ".forward" or ".rhost" files</l>
                  <l>   - ".netrc" files with incorrect access configured</l>
                  <l/>
               </out>
               <err/>
               <env/>
            </command_result>
         </xccdf:check-content>
         <evidence xmlns="http://cisecurity.org/evidence">
            <div class="sce">
               <table class="evidence-sep" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Script:</td>
                        <td>sce/nix_user_dot_files_access_chk.sh</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Result:</td>
                        <td class="fail">Fail</td>
                     </tr>
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Exit Value:</td>
                        <td>102</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td class="bold">Output:</td>
                        <td>
                           <ul class="unstyled">
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                              <li>- Audit Result:</li>
                              <li>  ** FAIL **</li>
                              <li> - * Reasons for audit failure * :</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li> - User: "kc-internal" Home Directory: "/root"</li>
                              <li>  - File: "/root/.bash_history" owned by: "root" and should be owned by "kc-internal"</li>
                              <li>  - File: "/root/.profile" owned by: "root" and should be owned by "kc-internal"</li>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                              <li/>
                              <li>- * Correctly configured * :</li>
                              <li>  - No local interactive users home directories contain:</li>
                              <li>   - ".forward" or ".rhost" files</li>
                              <li>   - ".netrc" files with incorrect access configured</li>
                              <li/>
                           </ul>
                        </td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
               <table class="evidence" width="100%">
                  <tbody class="tbe">
                     <tr>
                        <td>No error lines were collected.</td>
                     </tr>
                  </tbody>
               </table>
            </div>
         </evidence>
      </xccdf:check>
   </xccdf:complex-check>
</xccdf:rule-result>

                        References:

                        • URL: NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5: CM-1, CM-2, CM-6, CM-7, IA-5

                        CIS Controls V7.0:

                        • Control 14: Controlled Access Based on the Need to Know: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: The processes and tools used to track/control/prevent/correct secure access to critical assets (e.g., information, resources, systems) according to the formal determination of which persons, computers, and applications have a need and right to access these critical assets based on an approved classification.
                          Subcontrol: 14.6
                          Label: Protect Information through Access Control Lists
                          Description: Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.
                          • >

                        CIS Critical Security Controls V8.0:

                        • Control 3: Data Protection: -- More
                          CIS Control Information
                          Control: Develop processes and technical controls to identify, classify, securely handle, retain, and dispose of data.
                          Safeguard: 3.3
                          Label: Configure Data Access Control Lists
                          Description: Configure data access control lists based on a user's need to know. Apply data access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file systems, databases, and applications.
                          Implementation Group: IG-1
                          Security Function: Protect
                          • >

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